and one that we hope that can be kept alive from the marauders bent on destroying and re-writing Chinese history. that was very eloquently written.in the south, chinks call themselves “t’ang” people, not “han”. in guangzhou or cantoland, it’s “tong” as in tong yan. in fuckien and teochew enclaves, it’s teng and some say tang as in tang nan. no where was “han” proudly accepted as the han dynasty hardly ventured south in governance and assimilation. the t’ang dynasty, however, established commanderies and provincial capitals and townships down south to the viet border. and t’ang was followed by the song. some of the greatest ports of trade in the world at that time were in southern provinces, of whom auntie (vir)gin’s ancestors came from. marine merchants from as far as the persian gulf and indian ocean came a calling. languages and dialects in the south were more attuned to t’ang‘s way of speech and writing than those which were bastardized by mongol and manchu barbarians. literature and poetic parlance flourished, and their styles were retained in the south much more deeply than the north as books were burned and scholars massacred in succeeding civil wars and invasions in the northern half of china. the middle imperial tongue of the t’ang and song courts were lost as survivors found refuge in the rugged terrain of southern china. but the chink psyche identifying themselves with t’ang and t’ang art, culture, literature continue in the south to this day. and the more t’ang-educated ones escaped china and maintained verbal and literary traditions in clan associations in south east asia, especially sg. if you attend a deep dive session in a clan association meeting, you’ll be amazed at the amount and depth of the oral tradition that survives centuries of wars and cultural purges in china. even jap scholars are amazed with the rich cultural and literary tradition that is kept in clan associations in sg.
I never heard teng before. Will add it to my database.