it when ppl lose then they have to find a scapegoat.example, li hongzhang was blame by the chinese ppl but was he such a failure? i personally think he was realistic, no point fighting from a losing position. While the treaties he sign on behalf of the qing court were unequal but it not all his fault. This is a man that try to modernize the nation with whatever resources he can lay his hand on. what he did was buying time for the nation to be strong again but as the situation was brewing, it was already too late. chinese also blame the qing/manchu for the backwardness of the nation but would a chinese dynasty be different in that era?
meiji was a militant. as for military took over power, that only happen in the late 30s. japan military start their nonsense way before that. it the colonels in the kwangtung army that were stirring shit. in a way, they must have under the tacit approval of the emperor as they were not punish for the killing of zhang zuoling in 1928 and the creation of manchukuo in 1932.
japan agression toward china didnt start in the 1930s. As early as the late 1800s jap and qing forces clash in the sea of bohai. japan annexation of taiwan in 1895 and if i not mistaken, gaining control of german's china processions after WW1. To blame the military for starting WW2 was just a way to prevent the emperor to be trial as a war criminal.