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Chitchat Opium and China Military threads
- Thread starter democracy my butt
- Start date
No one can force you to consume drugs … the chinks are stupid enough to fall into the trap. If they like to ruin their lives are their choice. So please stop cry father and cry mother and say it is other's fault.
Idiots who are brainwashed by Chicom propaganda (CGTV, Sina, Xinhua etc) believe that the Opium War (and 八国联军 misadventures), and the Rape of Nanking were justification for belligerence towards the ang mohs and the Japs.
Idiots who are brainwashed by Chicom propaganda (CGTV, Sina, Xinhua etc) believe that the Opium War (and 八国联军 misadventures), and the Rape of Nanking were justification for belligerence towards the ang mohs and the Japs.
The strong and Intelligence always bully the weak and stupid … rule of the animal kingdom.
IQ and Race
When they showed then it is already not their latest top secrets, outdated declassified models already. They are confident that nobody can catch up with their development.
https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2019-04-26/doc-ihvhiewr8387068.shtml
美媒别怕！这次中国的“高超音速武器”其实是这样的
美媒别怕！这次中国的“高超音速武器”其实是这样的
269
厦大发布的载荷图片
[环球军事快评 梳理天下大事]这一回，厦大把美媒“吓大”了！最近一则消息引发航空航天领域爱好者和部分军迷的关注：4月23日，由厦门大学和凌空天行科技公司联合研制的“嘉庚一号”火箭在我国西北部沙漠无人区成功发射。而面对“带有翅膀的火箭”、“双乘波前体”等关键词，一些西方媒体似乎又紧张了，比如美国大众机械网站随后称，那似乎是一种高超音速验证飞行器，“甚至可能是一种武器系统的原型”。
嘉庚一号局部
实际上，对于中国高科技领域的动态，西方媒体总是那么敏感，还经常喜欢费时劳神地给中国装备找“爹”，在他们眼里，中国的研发成就总是“剽窃来的”，要不就是通过“逆向工程”搞来的，总之，中国科技就是不能有原创，你们中国人怎么可能凭自己的本事搞得出来呢？
近年来，面对铁一般的事实和成就，西方媒体偶尔也只能承认，某些领域中国确实走在了前面，于是，他们脆弱的心脏就更加虚得不行，东方大国的科技领域稍有一点风吹草动，他们就会一惊一乍地浮想联翩，哪怕是初步的试验，他们也会先拿过来炒作一通、把自己吓唬吓唬。而其实很多类似试验，他们自己早就搞了很多年，很多类似器械，他们自己早就搞了很多款，但他们就是见不得中国搞。
只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯！这是什么混账逻辑？
这真的是病，必须得治。那什么时候能完全治愈呢？中国科技全面领先的那一天！
厦大的这枚火箭无论从科技的角度如何评价，无论与高超音速飞行器有多大关联，这都是我们中国自己的事！退一万步，就算它是“一种武器系统的原型”，那又怎么样？我们把自己的事情干好就是，管他的西方媒体如何聒噪！
那么，具体来说，这次“嘉庚一号”火箭到底是什么？我们根据媒体报道和公开资料，略加梳理。
首先，从外形来看，这枚火箭的不同之处在于装了“翅膀”，据科技日报等媒体报道，起飞阶段由火箭发动机推动升空，达到2万米稠密大气层之外的临近空间后，转为平飞状态。此刻，载荷与箭体应该已经分离，至于载荷的动力是不是冲压发动机、还是组合动力？报道中都没有提及，我们也不便瞎猜，反正媒体继续说，平飞状态之后，“继续加速到5马赫”（5倍音速，约合6125公里/小时），“利用机翼在稀薄大气层里获得足够升力保持稳定飞行”。
至于有的专家认为，从结构图看，它并没有外媒所说的“进气口”，自然不可能采用吸气发动机。这一点，我们不能完全苟同：“结构图”看不到进气口，仅凭这一点，就能断定实物也没有进气口？当然，到底有没有进气口，以实物为准，媒体的报道没有给出现成答案。
嘉庚一号的双乘波前体
媒体还提及，“项目的最终目标是提升民航飞机速度到现有速度的五倍以上，实现两小时内的全球直达”。我们认为，这里的关键词是“两小时内的全球直达”。到这里，相信很多资深军迷会联想到另外一个短语——“一小时打遍全球”，是的，那是美国的，具体说是美军的“创意”，他们不仅这样想，也是这样做的。至于这次媒体提及的“提升民航飞机速度”，这……你懂得。我们只想说，中国C919大飞机还刚刚处于试飞阶段呢。
X-37B
美国“一小时打遍全球”宏大计划的代表性作品就是X-37B，军迷将其列为“空天战斗机”一类，起码也是未来太空战斗机的雏形，由波音公司研发，无人驾驶，可重复使用，由火箭发射进入太空，既能在地球卫星轨道上飞行、又能进入大气层，总之，厉害的狠。鉴于美国一贯的霸道行径，爱好和平的人怎能不高度警惕？
第二，继续看科技类媒体的公开报道，“嘉庚一号”火箭长8.7米，翼展2.5米，起飞质量3.7吨，最大飞行高度2.6-2.7万米，在临近空间（2万-10万米）范围内，火箭头部的试验载荷有两个，一是XTER “高超声速双乘波前体”，它由厦门大学航空航天学院研制，此前已经过了理论设计、数值分析和地面试验阶段，现在将它放到火箭上运送到指定高度和速度，在真实的飞行条件下开展“空气动力学测试”；二是舱内无线通信系统和临近空间高能粒子探测系统，它们由西安电子科技大学空间技术学院研制。
至于，有的人质疑，厦门大学能搞处那么牛的高科技吗？
在此，我们只想摆几个此前的事实：中国第一枚自行研制并成功发射的探空火箭是1958年9月8日由北京工业学院（现名：北京理工）研制发射的；2004-2017年，哈工大的小卫星七次闪耀太空，包括“快舟一号”；2018年6月2日，由武汉大学委托长光卫星研制的珞珈一号升空，用于试验验证低轨夜光遥感、导航信号增强等技术……大学，那可是有“大家”的地方。
查阅资料显示，“嘉庚一号”如果不算头部的载荷，底部的火箭名字其实是“天行Ⅰ”系列中的“天行Ⅰ-1”，作为可重复使用的高超声速运载器，天行Ⅰ可满足目前国内对高超声速总体、气动力\热、控制、材料等多学科的真实飞行试验环境获取或设计结果验证需求，为我国高超声速研究领域提供商业化、可靠、低成本的飞行试验解决方案。
那么，第三点来了——这个“天行Ⅰ”系列火箭是什么来头？
公开资料显示，“凌空天行”（北京凌空天行科技有限责任公司），成立于2018年8月，致力于解决商业航天领域中发射高成本的问题，为客户提供高可靠、低成本、便捷的航天运输服务。今年3月7日完成数千万的天使轮融资，主要用于“天行Ⅰ”项目。
凌空天行作为成立不足一年的商业航天公司，不仅快速推出“天行”可重复使用火箭产品，还通过垂直起飞、水平降落回收，在国内首次实现了全箭的整体回收重复使用。他们为何迅速取得这么亮眼的业绩？
我们查阅的资料显示，该公司的创始团队“均具有航天系统内10年以上工作经验，工作经历覆盖市场开拓、总体设计、总装生产、质量管理等航天型号研制全部关键环节”，公司核心研发团队“均在航天系统内共同工作多年，专业齐全、配合默契”。原来都是系统内的资深老手呀。
据介绍，该公司的各型产品分别对应“航空航天领域科学试验、商业小卫星组网发射、载人太空旅游等不同阶段的商业需求”。“天行I”将实现100-1000千克载荷，最大马赫数8，200公里以上的高速飞行环境，应用于新型高速发动机试验、材料测试、制导\控制测试、新设备验证等领域，在产品研发阶段就已获得一系列商业订单。
第四点，不得不再次说一说的临近空间和临近空间飞行器。
临近空间是指距地面20-100公里的空域，由于其重要的开发应用价值而在国际上关注很广。关于它的重要意义，通常的说法是这样的“随着现代高新技术的快速发展，信息对抗空间不再局限于陆地、海洋、低空，临近空间已成为现代战争的一个新战场，是国家安全体系的一个重要环节。
嘉庚一号飞行轨迹
临近空间飞行器具有航空、航天飞行器所不具有的优势，在通信保障、情报收集、电子压制、预警等方面极具巨大发展潜力，具有快速响应、超强突防、灵活机动的特点，是一种兼备战略威慑和实战应用能力的新概念武器，对于慑止强敌、控制危机和打赢战争具有重要作用，是美俄等军事大国竞相发展的利器。它可作为连接空天战场的有效纽带，在未来空天一体联合作战中扮演至关重要的角色。比如，若将其扩展成为对抗干扰平台，可以实施压制干扰和欺骗干扰，形成强大的电子对抗优势；若将其作为武器平台，则可以在大覆盖区域对目标实施随时随地的打击；它能随时应急升空，快速高效部署，飞行条件稳定，信息传输延时很小，雷达和红外特征又都很不明显，难以探测并锁定，当前的各类作战飞机和地对空导弹都难以对它构成威胁。
近20多年来，世界航空航天大国纷纷以高超声速天地往返系统、高超声速导弹和高超声速飞机为目标，形成了一股研发热潮，成为了各国抢占空中和空间战略优势的利器。
对此，崛起中的东方大国当然不会束手旁观！
因此，无论“嘉庚一号”/“天行Ⅰ-1”火箭的具体成就达到了什么水平，我们的态度简单明晰：别管西方媒体的聒噪，撇开“有色眼镜”的质疑，继续光明正大地在中国科技全面崛起的道路上努力奋进！
中国人有中国人的魄力，中国人有中国人的节奏！
（文/综合：在下张开、子非鱼、东城闲步，鸣谢：环球战略与评估中心）
美军B-52挂载X51高超音速飞行器早就多次试验
X51高超音速飞行器早就多次试验
X51A“驭波者”高超音速飞行器早就多次试验
挂载X-51A
X51
2018年央视的画面
组合动力“很威武”
点击进入专题：
每日军情TOP5
Don't be afraid of American media! This time China’s “supersonic weapon” is actually like this.
Don't be afraid of American media! This time China’s “supersonic weapon” is actually like this.
269
The load picture released by Xiamen University, the load picture released by Xiamen University
[Global military quick review to sort out the world's big events] This time, Xiamen University "frightened" the US media! A recent news triggered the attention of aerospace enthusiasts and some military enthusiasts: On April 23, the "Jia Geng No. 1" rocket jointly developed by Xiamen University and Lingkong Tianxing Technology Co., Ltd. succeeded in the desert no man's land in northwestern China. emission. In the face of keywords such as "rocket with wings" and "double-wave precursors", some Western media seem to be nervous. For example, the US Volkswagen Machinery website later said that it seems to be a hypersonic verification aircraft. May be the prototype of a weapon system."
Jiageng No.1 Partial Jiageng No.1
In fact, the Western media is always so sensitive to the dynamics of China's high-tech sector. They often like to spend time and effort to find “爹” for Chinese equipment. In their eyes, China's R&D achievements are always “plagiarized”. It’s not through “reverse engineering”. In short, Chinese technology can’t be original. How can you Chinese people come up with their own skills?
In recent years, in the face of iron-clad facts and achievements, the Western media can only admit occasionally that in some areas China is indeed ahead of the curve, so their fragile heart is even more illusory, and the technology of the eastern powers is slightly more. When the wind blows, they will be surprised to imagine, even if it is a preliminary test, they will first take a fuss and scare themselves. In fact, many similar experiments, they have been engaged in many years, many similar devices, they have long been engaged in a lot of money, but they just can not see China.
oppressive rule! What is this git logic?
This is really a disease and must be cured. When can it be completely cured? The day when China’s technology is leading the way!
No matter how much the rocket of Xiamen University is evaluated from the perspective of technology, no matter how much it relates to the hypersonic vehicle, this is our own thing! Retreat 10,000 steps, even if it is "a prototype of a weapon system", then what? What we do to do our own thing is to control how his Western media is noisy!
So, specifically, what exactly is this "Jia Geng No. 1" rocket? We sorted out according to media reports and public information.
First of all, from the appearance point of view, the difference between this rocket is that it has "wings". According to media reports such as the Science and Technology Daily, the take-off phase is promoted by the rocket engine and reaches the adjacent space outside the dense atmosphere of 20,000 meters. Turned to a level of flying. At this point, the load and the arrow should have been separated. Is the power of the load ramjet or combined power? There is no mention in the report, we can not guess, anyway, the media continues to say, after the level of flying, "continue to accelerate to 5 Mach" (5 times the speed of sound, about 6125 km / h), "Using the wing in a thin atmosphere Get enough lift to keep a steady flight."
As for some experts, from the structural diagram, it does not have the "air intake" mentioned by foreign media, and it is naturally impossible to use an intake engine. At this point, we can't completely agree with each other: "Structural map" can't see the air inlet. With this alone, we can conclude that there is no air inlet in the real thing. Of course, in the end there is no air intake, which is subject to the real thing, the media reports did not give an answer.
The double-passing wave precursor of Jiageng No. 1
The media also mentioned that “the ultimate goal of the project is to increase the speed of civil aviation aircraft to more than five times the current speed and achieve global direct access within two hours”. We believe that the key word here is "global direct access within two hours." Here, I believe that many senior military fans will think of another phrase - "One hour to travel around the world", yes, it is the United States, specifically the "creative" of the US military, they not only think so, but also do so. . As for the "improvement of civil aircraft speed" mentioned by the media, this... you know. We just want to say that the Chinese C919 big plane is just in the test flight stage.
X-37BX-37B
The representative work of the US "One Hour to the World" grand plan is the X-37B. Military fans have classified it as an "air-space fighter". At least it is the prototype of the future space fighter. It was developed by Boeing and is unmanned. It can be reused and launched into space by rockets. It can fly in the orbit of the Earth's satellites and enter the atmosphere. In short, it is extremely powerful. Given the consistent dominance of the United States, how can peace-loving people be highly vigilant?
Second, continue to watch the public reports of the technology media. The "Jia Geng No. 1" rocket is 8.7 meters long, with a wingspan of 2.5 meters, a take-off mass of 3.7 tons, and a maximum flying height of 2.6-2.7 million meters. In the adjacent space (20,000 - 10 Within the range of 10,000 meters, there are two test loads on the rocket head. One is the XTER “hypersyonic double-passing wave precursor”, which was developed by the School of Aeronautics and Astronautics of Xiamen University. It has already passed theoretical design, numerical analysis and ground test. In the stage, it is now transported to the rocket to the specified altitude and speed, and the “aerodynamic test” is carried out under real flight conditions. Second, the in-cabin wireless communication system and the adjacent space high-energy particle detection system are used by Xi’an Electronic Technology. Development of the College of Space Technology.
As for some people, do you doubt that Xiamen University can do a good job of high technology? As for some people, do you doubt that Xiamen University can do a good job of high technology?
Here, we only want to put forward a few previous facts: China's first self-developed and successfully launched sounding rocket was launched on September 8, 1958 by Beijing Institute of Technology (now: Beijing Institute of Technology); 2004- In 2017, Harbin Institute of Technology's small satellites shined in space seven times, including “Fast Boat One”; on June 2, 2018, the No. 1 airlift developed by Wuhan University commissioned Changguang Satellite was used to test and verify the low-rail luminous Remote sensing, navigation signal enhancement and other technologies... University, that is where there is “everyone”.
According to the information, if the "Jia Geng No. 1" is not the load of the head, the name of the rocket at the bottom is actually the "Tian Xing I-1" in the "Tian Xing I" series, as a reusable hypersonic vehicle. Tianxing I can meet the requirements of real flight test environment acquisition or design result verification for hypersonic overall, aerodynamics/heat, control, materials and other multi-disciplines, providing commercialization, reliability and low cost for China's hypersonic research field. Flight test solution.
So, the third point is coming - what is this "Tianxing I" series rocket?
According to public information, “Lingkong Tianxing” (Beijing Lingkong Tianxing Technology Co., Ltd.) was established in August 2018 to solve the problem of high cost of launch in the commercial aerospace field, providing customers with high reliability, low cost and convenience. Space transportation services. On March 7 this year, tens of millions of angel rounds of financing were completed, mainly for the "Tianxing I" project.
As a commercial aerospace company that was established less than a year ago, volley Tianxing not only quickly launched the “Tianxing” reusable rocket product, but also realized the overall recycling and reuse of the whole arrow in China through vertical take-off and horizontal landing recovery. Why do they quickly achieve such brilliant results?
The data we reviewed showed that the founding team of the company “has more than 10 years of working experience in the aerospace system, and its work experience covers all key aspects of market development, overall design, final assembly production, quality management and other aerospace model development”. The company's core R&D team "Everyone has worked together for many years in the aerospace system, with complete professionalism and tacit cooperation." It turned out to be a veteran of the system.
According to reports, the company's various types of products correspond to "aerospace science experiments, commercial small satellite network launch, manned space travel and other commercial needs at different stages." "Tianxing I" will achieve a high-speed flight environment with a load of 100-1000 kg and a maximum Mach number of more than 8,200 km. It is used in new high-speed engine test, material testing, guidance, control testing, new equipment verification, etc. A series of commercial orders have been obtained at the stage.
Fourth, I have to talk about the adjacent space and the adjacent spacecraft again.
The adjacent space refers to the airspace 20-100 kilometers away from the ground. Due to its important development and application value, it has a wide international interest. Regarding its significance, the usual saying is that "With the rapid development of modern high-tech, information confrontation space is no longer limited to land, sea, and low altitude. The adjacent space has become a new battlefield for modern warfare and a national security system. An important part of it.
Jiageng No. 1 flight path Jiageng No. 1 flight track
The spacecraft has the advantages that aviation and spacecraft do not have. It has great development potential in communication security, intelligence collection, electronic suppression, early warning, etc. It has the characteristics of quick response, super penetration, and flexible maneuverability. The new concept weapon with both strategic deterrence and practical application capability plays an important role in stopping the enemy, controlling the crisis and winning the war. It is a weapon for the development of the US, Russia and other military powers. It can be used as an effective link to connect the air and space battlefield, and plays a vital role in the future joint operations of air and space. For example, if it is expanded into an anti-interference platform, it can implement suppression interference and deception interference to form a strong electronic countermeasure advantage; if it is used as a weapon platform, it can strike the target anytime and anywhere in a large coverage area; it can be used at any time. Emergency lift, rapid and efficient deployment, stable flight conditions, small information transmission delay, radar and infrared features are not obvious, difficult to detect and lock, the current various types of combat aircraft and surface-to-air missiles are difficult to construct Threat.
In the past 20 years, the world's aerospace powers have targeted the hypersonic world to the system, hypersonic missiles and hypersonic aircraft, forming a research and development boom, which has become a weapon for countries to seize the strategic advantages of air and space.
In this regard, the rise of the great powers of the East certainly will not stand by!
Therefore, no matter what level of the specific achievements of the "Jia Geng No.1" / "Tianxing I-1" rocket, our attitude is simple and clear: regardless of the noise of the Western media, open the question of "colored glasses" and continue to be bright and bright. Strive for the advancement of China's science and technology in an all-round way!
The Chinese have the power of the Chinese, and the Chinese have the rhythm of the Chinese!
(Text / General: In the next open, Zifei, Dongcheng leisure step, Acknowledgement: Global Strategy and Assessment Center)
The US military B-52 mounts the X51 hypersonic vehicle and has repeatedly tested the US military B-52 mounted X51 hypersonic aircraft.
The X51 hypersonic vehicle has long been tested many times on the X51 hypersonic vehicle.
The X51A "Chopper" hypersonic vehicle has long been tested many times. The X51A "Chopper" hypersonic aircraft has been tested many times.
Mount X-51A Mount X-51A
X51X51
2018 CCTV's picture of 2018 CCTV
Combined power "very mighty" combination power "very powerful"
Click to enter the topic:
Daily military TOP5
https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2019-04-26/doc-ihvhiewr8387068.shtml
美媒别怕！这次中国的“高超音速武器”其实是这样的
美媒别怕！这次中国的“高超音速武器”其实是这样的
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[环球军事快评 梳理天下大事]这一回，厦大把美媒“吓大”了！最近一则消息引发航空航天领域爱好者和部分军迷的关注：4月23日，由厦门大学和凌空天行科技公司联合研制的“嘉庚一号”火箭在我国西北部沙漠无人区成功发射。而面对“带有翅膀的火箭”、“双乘波前体”等关键词，一些西方媒体似乎又紧张了，比如美国大众机械网站随后称，那似乎是一种高超音速验证飞行器，“甚至可能是一种武器系统的原型”。
实际上，对于中国高科技领域的动态，西方媒体总是那么敏感，还经常喜欢费时劳神地给中国装备找“爹”，在他们眼里，中国的研发成就总是“剽窃来的”，要不就是通过“逆向工程”搞来的，总之，中国科技就是不能有原创，你们中国人怎么可能凭自己的本事搞得出来呢？
近年来，面对铁一般的事实和成就，西方媒体偶尔也只能承认，某些领域中国确实走在了前面，于是，他们脆弱的心脏就更加虚得不行，东方大国的科技领域稍有一点风吹草动，他们就会一惊一乍地浮想联翩，哪怕是初步的试验，他们也会先拿过来炒作一通、把自己吓唬吓唬。而其实很多类似试验，他们自己早就搞了很多年，很多类似器械，他们自己早就搞了很多款，但他们就是见不得中国搞。
只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯！这是什么混账逻辑？
这真的是病，必须得治。那什么时候能完全治愈呢？中国科技全面领先的那一天！
厦大的这枚火箭无论从科技的角度如何评价，无论与高超音速飞行器有多大关联，这都是我们中国自己的事！退一万步，就算它是“一种武器系统的原型”，那又怎么样？我们把自己的事情干好就是，管他的西方媒体如何聒噪！
那么，具体来说，这次“嘉庚一号”火箭到底是什么？我们根据媒体报道和公开资料，略加梳理。
首先，从外形来看，这枚火箭的不同之处在于装了“翅膀”，据科技日报等媒体报道，起飞阶段由火箭发动机推动升空，达到2万米稠密大气层之外的临近空间后，转为平飞状态。此刻，载荷与箭体应该已经分离，至于载荷的动力是不是冲压发动机、还是组合动力？报道中都没有提及，我们也不便瞎猜，反正媒体继续说，平飞状态之后，“继续加速到5马赫”（5倍音速，约合6125公里/小时），“利用机翼在稀薄大气层里获得足够升力保持稳定飞行”。
至于有的专家认为，从结构图看，它并没有外媒所说的“进气口”，自然不可能采用吸气发动机。这一点，我们不能完全苟同：“结构图”看不到进气口，仅凭这一点，就能断定实物也没有进气口？当然，到底有没有进气口，以实物为准，媒体的报道没有给出现成答案。
媒体还提及，“项目的最终目标是提升民航飞机速度到现有速度的五倍以上，实现两小时内的全球直达”。我们认为，这里的关键词是“两小时内的全球直达”。到这里，相信很多资深军迷会联想到另外一个短语——“一小时打遍全球”，是的，那是美国的，具体说是美军的“创意”，他们不仅这样想，也是这样做的。至于这次媒体提及的“提升民航飞机速度”，这……你懂得。我们只想说，中国C919大飞机还刚刚处于试飞阶段呢。
美国“一小时打遍全球”宏大计划的代表性作品就是X-37B，军迷将其列为“空天战斗机”一类，起码也是未来太空战斗机的雏形，由波音公司研发，无人驾驶，可重复使用，由火箭发射进入太空，既能在地球卫星轨道上飞行、又能进入大气层，总之，厉害的狠。鉴于美国一贯的霸道行径，爱好和平的人怎能不高度警惕？
第二，继续看科技类媒体的公开报道，“嘉庚一号”火箭长8.7米，翼展2.5米，起飞质量3.7吨，最大飞行高度2.6-2.7万米，在临近空间（2万-10万米）范围内，火箭头部的试验载荷有两个，一是XTER “高超声速双乘波前体”，它由厦门大学航空航天学院研制，此前已经过了理论设计、数值分析和地面试验阶段，现在将它放到火箭上运送到指定高度和速度，在真实的飞行条件下开展“空气动力学测试”；二是舱内无线通信系统和临近空间高能粒子探测系统，它们由西安电子科技大学空间技术学院研制。
在此，我们只想摆几个此前的事实：中国第一枚自行研制并成功发射的探空火箭是1958年9月8日由北京工业学院（现名：北京理工）研制发射的；2004-2017年，哈工大的小卫星七次闪耀太空，包括“快舟一号”；2018年6月2日，由武汉大学委托长光卫星研制的珞珈一号升空，用于试验验证低轨夜光遥感、导航信号增强等技术……大学，那可是有“大家”的地方。
查阅资料显示，“嘉庚一号”如果不算头部的载荷，底部的火箭名字其实是“天行Ⅰ”系列中的“天行Ⅰ-1”，作为可重复使用的高超声速运载器，天行Ⅰ可满足目前国内对高超声速总体、气动力\热、控制、材料等多学科的真实飞行试验环境获取或设计结果验证需求，为我国高超声速研究领域提供商业化、可靠、低成本的飞行试验解决方案。
那么，第三点来了——这个“天行Ⅰ”系列火箭是什么来头？
公开资料显示，“凌空天行”（北京凌空天行科技有限责任公司），成立于2018年8月，致力于解决商业航天领域中发射高成本的问题，为客户提供高可靠、低成本、便捷的航天运输服务。今年3月7日完成数千万的天使轮融资，主要用于“天行Ⅰ”项目。
凌空天行作为成立不足一年的商业航天公司，不仅快速推出“天行”可重复使用火箭产品，还通过垂直起飞、水平降落回收，在国内首次实现了全箭的整体回收重复使用。他们为何迅速取得这么亮眼的业绩？
我们查阅的资料显示，该公司的创始团队“均具有航天系统内10年以上工作经验，工作经历覆盖市场开拓、总体设计、总装生产、质量管理等航天型号研制全部关键环节”，公司核心研发团队“均在航天系统内共同工作多年，专业齐全、配合默契”。原来都是系统内的资深老手呀。
据介绍，该公司的各型产品分别对应“航空航天领域科学试验、商业小卫星组网发射、载人太空旅游等不同阶段的商业需求”。“天行I”将实现100-1000千克载荷，最大马赫数8，200公里以上的高速飞行环境，应用于新型高速发动机试验、材料测试、制导\控制测试、新设备验证等领域，在产品研发阶段就已获得一系列商业订单。
第四点，不得不再次说一说的临近空间和临近空间飞行器。
临近空间是指距地面20-100公里的空域，由于其重要的开发应用价值而在国际上关注很广。关于它的重要意义，通常的说法是这样的“随着现代高新技术的快速发展，信息对抗空间不再局限于陆地、海洋、低空，临近空间已成为现代战争的一个新战场，是国家安全体系的一个重要环节。
临近空间飞行器具有航空、航天飞行器所不具有的优势，在通信保障、情报收集、电子压制、预警等方面极具巨大发展潜力，具有快速响应、超强突防、灵活机动的特点，是一种兼备战略威慑和实战应用能力的新概念武器，对于慑止强敌、控制危机和打赢战争具有重要作用，是美俄等军事大国竞相发展的利器。它可作为连接空天战场的有效纽带，在未来空天一体联合作战中扮演至关重要的角色。比如，若将其扩展成为对抗干扰平台，可以实施压制干扰和欺骗干扰，形成强大的电子对抗优势；若将其作为武器平台，则可以在大覆盖区域对目标实施随时随地的打击；它能随时应急升空，快速高效部署，飞行条件稳定，信息传输延时很小，雷达和红外特征又都很不明显，难以探测并锁定，当前的各类作战飞机和地对空导弹都难以对它构成威胁。
近20多年来，世界航空航天大国纷纷以高超声速天地往返系统、高超声速导弹和高超声速飞机为目标，形成了一股研发热潮，成为了各国抢占空中和空间战略优势的利器。
对此，崛起中的东方大国当然不会束手旁观！
因此，无论“嘉庚一号”/“天行Ⅰ-1”火箭的具体成就达到了什么水平，我们的态度简单明晰：别管西方媒体的聒噪，撇开“有色眼镜”的质疑，继续光明正大地在中国科技全面崛起的道路上努力奋进！
中国人有中国人的魄力，中国人有中国人的节奏！
（文/综合：在下张开、子非鱼、东城闲步，鸣谢：环球战略与评估中心）
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Don't be afraid of American media! This time China’s “supersonic weapon” is actually like this.
Don't be afraid of American media! This time China’s “supersonic weapon” is actually like this.
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The load picture released by Xiamen University, the load picture released by Xiamen University
[Global military quick review to sort out the world's big events] This time, Xiamen University "frightened" the US media! A recent news triggered the attention of aerospace enthusiasts and some military enthusiasts: On April 23, the "Jia Geng No. 1" rocket jointly developed by Xiamen University and Lingkong Tianxing Technology Co., Ltd. succeeded in the desert no man's land in northwestern China. emission. In the face of keywords such as "rocket with wings" and "double-wave precursors", some Western media seem to be nervous. For example, the US Volkswagen Machinery website later said that it seems to be a hypersonic verification aircraft. May be the prototype of a weapon system."
Jiageng No.1 Partial Jiageng No.1
In fact, the Western media is always so sensitive to the dynamics of China's high-tech sector. They often like to spend time and effort to find “爹” for Chinese equipment. In their eyes, China's R&D achievements are always “plagiarized”. It’s not through “reverse engineering”. In short, Chinese technology can’t be original. How can you Chinese people come up with their own skills?
In recent years, in the face of iron-clad facts and achievements, the Western media can only admit occasionally that in some areas China is indeed ahead of the curve, so their fragile heart is even more illusory, and the technology of the eastern powers is slightly more. When the wind blows, they will be surprised to imagine, even if it is a preliminary test, they will first take a fuss and scare themselves. In fact, many similar experiments, they have been engaged in many years, many similar devices, they have long been engaged in a lot of money, but they just can not see China.
oppressive rule! What is this git logic?
This is really a disease and must be cured. When can it be completely cured? The day when China’s technology is leading the way!
No matter how much the rocket of Xiamen University is evaluated from the perspective of technology, no matter how much it relates to the hypersonic vehicle, this is our own thing! Retreat 10,000 steps, even if it is "a prototype of a weapon system", then what? What we do to do our own thing is to control how his Western media is noisy!
So, specifically, what exactly is this "Jia Geng No. 1" rocket? We sorted out according to media reports and public information.
First of all, from the appearance point of view, the difference between this rocket is that it has "wings". According to media reports such as the Science and Technology Daily, the take-off phase is promoted by the rocket engine and reaches the adjacent space outside the dense atmosphere of 20,000 meters. Turned to a level of flying. At this point, the load and the arrow should have been separated. Is the power of the load ramjet or combined power? There is no mention in the report, we can not guess, anyway, the media continues to say, after the level of flying, "continue to accelerate to 5 Mach" (5 times the speed of sound, about 6125 km / h), "Using the wing in a thin atmosphere Get enough lift to keep a steady flight."
As for some experts, from the structural diagram, it does not have the "air intake" mentioned by foreign media, and it is naturally impossible to use an intake engine. At this point, we can't completely agree with each other: "Structural map" can't see the air inlet. With this alone, we can conclude that there is no air inlet in the real thing. Of course, in the end there is no air intake, which is subject to the real thing, the media reports did not give an answer.
The double-passing wave precursor of Jiageng No. 1
The media also mentioned that “the ultimate goal of the project is to increase the speed of civil aviation aircraft to more than five times the current speed and achieve global direct access within two hours”. We believe that the key word here is "global direct access within two hours." Here, I believe that many senior military fans will think of another phrase - "One hour to travel around the world", yes, it is the United States, specifically the "creative" of the US military, they not only think so, but also do so. . As for the "improvement of civil aircraft speed" mentioned by the media, this... you know. We just want to say that the Chinese C919 big plane is just in the test flight stage.
X-37BX-37B
The representative work of the US "One Hour to the World" grand plan is the X-37B. Military fans have classified it as an "air-space fighter". At least it is the prototype of the future space fighter. It was developed by Boeing and is unmanned. It can be reused and launched into space by rockets. It can fly in the orbit of the Earth's satellites and enter the atmosphere. In short, it is extremely powerful. Given the consistent dominance of the United States, how can peace-loving people be highly vigilant?
Second, continue to watch the public reports of the technology media. The "Jia Geng No. 1" rocket is 8.7 meters long, with a wingspan of 2.5 meters, a take-off mass of 3.7 tons, and a maximum flying height of 2.6-2.7 million meters. In the adjacent space (20,000 - 10 Within the range of 10,000 meters, there are two test loads on the rocket head. One is the XTER “hypersyonic double-passing wave precursor”, which was developed by the School of Aeronautics and Astronautics of Xiamen University. It has already passed theoretical design, numerical analysis and ground test. In the stage, it is now transported to the rocket to the specified altitude and speed, and the “aerodynamic test” is carried out under real flight conditions. Second, the in-cabin wireless communication system and the adjacent space high-energy particle detection system are used by Xi’an Electronic Technology. Development of the College of Space Technology.
As for some people, do you doubt that Xiamen University can do a good job of high technology? As for some people, do you doubt that Xiamen University can do a good job of high technology?
Here, we only want to put forward a few previous facts: China's first self-developed and successfully launched sounding rocket was launched on September 8, 1958 by Beijing Institute of Technology (now: Beijing Institute of Technology); 2004- In 2017, Harbin Institute of Technology's small satellites shined in space seven times, including “Fast Boat One”; on June 2, 2018, the No. 1 airlift developed by Wuhan University commissioned Changguang Satellite was used to test and verify the low-rail luminous Remote sensing, navigation signal enhancement and other technologies... University, that is where there is “everyone”.
According to the information, if the "Jia Geng No. 1" is not the load of the head, the name of the rocket at the bottom is actually the "Tian Xing I-1" in the "Tian Xing I" series, as a reusable hypersonic vehicle. Tianxing I can meet the requirements of real flight test environment acquisition or design result verification for hypersonic overall, aerodynamics/heat, control, materials and other multi-disciplines, providing commercialization, reliability and low cost for China's hypersonic research field. Flight test solution.
So, the third point is coming - what is this "Tianxing I" series rocket?
According to public information, “Lingkong Tianxing” (Beijing Lingkong Tianxing Technology Co., Ltd.) was established in August 2018 to solve the problem of high cost of launch in the commercial aerospace field, providing customers with high reliability, low cost and convenience. Space transportation services. On March 7 this year, tens of millions of angel rounds of financing were completed, mainly for the "Tianxing I" project.
As a commercial aerospace company that was established less than a year ago, volley Tianxing not only quickly launched the “Tianxing” reusable rocket product, but also realized the overall recycling and reuse of the whole arrow in China through vertical take-off and horizontal landing recovery. Why do they quickly achieve such brilliant results?
The data we reviewed showed that the founding team of the company “has more than 10 years of working experience in the aerospace system, and its work experience covers all key aspects of market development, overall design, final assembly production, quality management and other aerospace model development”. The company's core R&D team "Everyone has worked together for many years in the aerospace system, with complete professionalism and tacit cooperation." It turned out to be a veteran of the system.
According to reports, the company's various types of products correspond to "aerospace science experiments, commercial small satellite network launch, manned space travel and other commercial needs at different stages." "Tianxing I" will achieve a high-speed flight environment with a load of 100-1000 kg and a maximum Mach number of more than 8,200 km. It is used in new high-speed engine test, material testing, guidance, control testing, new equipment verification, etc. A series of commercial orders have been obtained at the stage.
Fourth, I have to talk about the adjacent space and the adjacent spacecraft again.
The adjacent space refers to the airspace 20-100 kilometers away from the ground. Due to its important development and application value, it has a wide international interest. Regarding its significance, the usual saying is that "With the rapid development of modern high-tech, information confrontation space is no longer limited to land, sea, and low altitude. The adjacent space has become a new battlefield for modern warfare and a national security system. An important part of it.
Jiageng No. 1 flight path Jiageng No. 1 flight track
The spacecraft has the advantages that aviation and spacecraft do not have. It has great development potential in communication security, intelligence collection, electronic suppression, early warning, etc. It has the characteristics of quick response, super penetration, and flexible maneuverability. The new concept weapon with both strategic deterrence and practical application capability plays an important role in stopping the enemy, controlling the crisis and winning the war. It is a weapon for the development of the US, Russia and other military powers. It can be used as an effective link to connect the air and space battlefield, and plays a vital role in the future joint operations of air and space. For example, if it is expanded into an anti-interference platform, it can implement suppression interference and deception interference to form a strong electronic countermeasure advantage; if it is used as a weapon platform, it can strike the target anytime and anywhere in a large coverage area; it can be used at any time. Emergency lift, rapid and efficient deployment, stable flight conditions, small information transmission delay, radar and infrared features are not obvious, difficult to detect and lock, the current various types of combat aircraft and surface-to-air missiles are difficult to construct Threat.
In the past 20 years, the world's aerospace powers have targeted the hypersonic world to the system, hypersonic missiles and hypersonic aircraft, forming a research and development boom, which has become a weapon for countries to seize the strategic advantages of air and space.
In this regard, the rise of the great powers of the East certainly will not stand by!
Therefore, no matter what level of the specific achievements of the "Jia Geng No.1" / "Tianxing I-1" rocket, our attitude is simple and clear: regardless of the noise of the Western media, open the question of "colored glasses" and continue to be bright and bright. Strive for the advancement of China's science and technology in an all-round way!
The Chinese have the power of the Chinese, and the Chinese have the rhythm of the Chinese!
(Text / General: In the next open, Zifei, Dongcheng leisure step, Acknowledgement: Global Strategy and Assessment Center)
The US military B-52 mounts the X51 hypersonic vehicle and has repeatedly tested the US military B-52 mounted X51 hypersonic aircraft.
The X51 hypersonic vehicle has long been tested many times on the X51 hypersonic vehicle.
The X51A "Chopper" hypersonic vehicle has long been tested many times. The X51A "Chopper" hypersonic aircraft has been tested many times.
Mount X-51A Mount X-51A
X51X51
2018 CCTV's picture of 2018 CCTV
Combined power "very mighty" combination power "very powerful"
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https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-04-26/doc-ihvhiewr8294404.shtml
中国“航天母舰”来了：外观霸气 将在海上发射卫星
中国“航天母舰”来了：外观霸气 将在海上发射卫星
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近年来，我国航天工业发展不断取得新的突破，宇宙飞船、空间站、嫦娥登月等等，以前想都不敢想的东西纷纷变成现实，大举提升了我国的综合国力。而接下来，我国航天工业又有一个大动作，预计6月份将首次在海上发射运载火箭，一次将多颗卫星送上太空。
6月份我国将首次在海上发射运载火箭
近日，网上曝光了我国正在打造的运载火箭海上发射平台，它似乎是在石油钻井平台的基础上改装而成，平台上有高高的封闭式发射塔和类似航空母舰一样的舰桥，还有巨大的泄流槽和直升机平台，看起来非常壮观，浓浓的蒸汽朋克画风跃然纸上。另外，图片显示，在码头上，这样的航天发射平台至少有三到四艘，如果全部服役，则意味着我国将拥有从海面成批发射火箭的能力。
这规模看起来太厉害了
实际上，从海上发射运载火箭并不是一件新鲜的事情，俄罗斯早就用战略核潜艇做过类似的事情。而在1995年，俄罗斯和美国、挪威还成立了专门的海上发射公司，至今共进行了29次海上发射，其中仅3次半失败，其配备的海上发射平台和和指挥装配船在网上就能搜到图片。海上发射的好处很多，其中最重要的是可以选择在赤道地区进行，消除了地球静止轨道零度倾角需要的轨道平面变化，使得火箭的运载能力得到了显著的提升。
此前俄罗斯进行的海上商业发射
可是这次我国打造的海上发射平台，与俄罗斯的有很大不同。首先，我国一批建造三到四个海上发射平台，规模非常大，超过了之前的想象。其次，咱们的运载火箭一次可以将多颗卫星送上太空，比如即将在6月份进行的首次发射，就至少要搭载两颗吉林一号大型卫星，还有许多其他的微小卫星。吉林一号能够跟踪运动的飞机、军舰和火箭导弹，战略意义十分重大。
吉林一号战略意义十分重大
还有，相比海上发射公司简陋的海上发射平台，我们的装备不但更大，而且硬件设施也要完善得多，比如平台本身有高高的发射塔，似乎可以将待命的火箭包裹在内部，发射时再打开悬臂，以减少海上严酷环境对火箭的影响。不仅如此，此前我们还建造了远望21和远望22两艘运输船，专门负责火箭的运输任务。
我国两艘专用火箭运输船
远望11号正在装载运载火箭
实际上，在2018年，我国就曾计划从海上发射火箭。当时入选的运载火箭为固体燃料的长征11，使用平板驳船发射平台，后来由于未知的原因取消了发射。而这一次，咱们同时建造三到四艘巨型发射平台，估计相关的技术已经成熟。
进行海上发射的可能是长征11号固体火箭
咱们原先的构想类似这样
从目前来看，6月份的首次海上发射可能会选择在黄海这样的近海，但是以后我们的海上发射平台肯定将会主要在赤道附近活动。大家想象一下，三四艘航天母舰一样的海上运载火箭发射平台从我们的港口开出，和火箭运输船、远望测量船一期，浩浩荡荡奔赴大洋深处，该是一副多么壮观而科幻的画面啊，也许真正的“星球大战”时代，就要到来了吧。（作者署名：铁翼苍穹）
三到四个这个平台同时出航，场面何其壮观
China's "spaceship carrier" is coming: appearance domineering will launch satellites at sea
China's "spaceship carrier" is coming: appearance domineering will launch satellites at sea
687
In recent years, China's aerospace industry has continuously made new breakthroughs. Spaceships, space stations, squatting moons, etc., things that were previously unthinkable have become reality, and have greatly enhanced China's overall national strength. Then, China's aerospace industry has another big move. It is expected that the launch vehicle will be launched at sea for the first time in June, and multiple satellites will be sent to space at a time.
China will launch a launch vehicle for the first time in the sea in June. China will launch a launch vehicle for the first time in June.
Recently, the launching platform of the launch vehicle launched by China is exposed online. It seems to be modified on the basis of the oil rig. The platform has a high closed-type launch tower and a bridge similar to an aircraft carrier, and there is a huge The venting trough and helicopter platform look very spectacular, and the thick steampunk paintings are on the paper. In addition, the picture shows that at the dock, such a space launch platform has at least three to four ships. If all are in service, it means that China will have the ability to launch rockets in batches from the sea.
This scale looks too great. This scale looks too great.
In fact, launching a launch vehicle from the sea is not a new thing. Russia has long used a strategic nuclear submarine to do similar things. In 1995, Russia and the United States and Norway also established a special marine launching company. So far, 29 sea launches have been carried out, of which only 3 and a half have failed. The equipped marine launching platform and command assembly ship can be online. Search for pictures. The benefits of sea launches are many, the most important of which is that they can be chosen in the equatorial region, eliminating the orbital plane changes required for the zero-degree inclination of the geostationary orbit, resulting in a significant increase in the carrying capacity of the rocket.
Maritime commercial launch by Russia before the previous commercial launch by Russia
However, the sea launch platform built by China this time is very different from that of Russia. First of all, a batch of three to four sea launch platforms built by our country is very large, exceeding the previous imagination. Secondly, our carrier rockets can send multiple satellites into space at a time. For example, the first launch to be carried out in June, at least two large Jilin satellites, and many other tiny satellites. The strategic significance of Jilin No. 1 capable of tracking aircraft, warships and rocket missiles is very important.
The strategic significance of Jilin No. 1 is very important. The strategic significance of Jilin No. 1 is very significant.
Also, compared to the maritime launching platform of the maritime launch company, our equipment is not only bigger, but also the hardware facilities are much better. For example, the platform itself has a high-rise tower, which seems to be able to wrap the rocket on standby. The cantilever is opened again during launch to reduce the impact of the harsh environment on the rocket. Not only that, but we also built two transport vessels, Yuanwang 21 and Yuanwang 22, which are responsible for the transportation of rockets.
China's two dedicated rocket carriers, two special rocket carriers in China
Yuanwang No. 11 is loading a launch vehicle, Yuanwang No. 11 is loading a launch vehicle
In fact, in 2018, China had planned to launch rockets from the sea. The carrier rocket selected at the time was a long-term solid fuel 11 , using a flat barge launch platform, and was later cancelled for unknown reasons. This time, we are building three to four giant launch platforms at the same time, and it is estimated that the relevant technology is mature.
The possibility of launching at sea may be the Long March 11 solid rocket for sea launch. It may be the Long March 11 solid rocket.
Our original idea is similar to this. Our original idea is similar to this.
From the current point of view, the first sea launch in June may choose to be offshore such as the Yellow Sea, but in the future our marine launch platform will definitely be active near the equator. Imagine that the launching platforms of three or four spacecraft-like marine launch vehicles will be taken from our ports, and the rocket transport ship and the Yuanwang survey ship will be carried out in the depths of the ocean. This is a spectacular show. And the sci-fi picture, maybe the real "Star Wars" era is coming. (Author's signature: Iron Wing)
Three to four platforms will sail at the same time, and the scene will be spectacular. Three to four platforms will sail at the same time.
中国“航天母舰”来了：外观霸气 将在海上发射卫星
中国“航天母舰”来了：外观霸气 将在海上发射卫星
687
近年来，我国航天工业发展不断取得新的突破，宇宙飞船、空间站、嫦娥登月等等，以前想都不敢想的东西纷纷变成现实，大举提升了我国的综合国力。而接下来，我国航天工业又有一个大动作，预计6月份将首次在海上发射运载火箭，一次将多颗卫星送上太空。
近日，网上曝光了我国正在打造的运载火箭海上发射平台，它似乎是在石油钻井平台的基础上改装而成，平台上有高高的封闭式发射塔和类似航空母舰一样的舰桥，还有巨大的泄流槽和直升机平台，看起来非常壮观，浓浓的蒸汽朋克画风跃然纸上。另外，图片显示，在码头上，这样的航天发射平台至少有三到四艘，如果全部服役，则意味着我国将拥有从海面成批发射火箭的能力。
实际上，从海上发射运载火箭并不是一件新鲜的事情，俄罗斯早就用战略核潜艇做过类似的事情。而在1995年，俄罗斯和美国、挪威还成立了专门的海上发射公司，至今共进行了29次海上发射，其中仅3次半失败，其配备的海上发射平台和和指挥装配船在网上就能搜到图片。海上发射的好处很多，其中最重要的是可以选择在赤道地区进行，消除了地球静止轨道零度倾角需要的轨道平面变化，使得火箭的运载能力得到了显著的提升。
可是这次我国打造的海上发射平台，与俄罗斯的有很大不同。首先，我国一批建造三到四个海上发射平台，规模非常大，超过了之前的想象。其次，咱们的运载火箭一次可以将多颗卫星送上太空，比如即将在6月份进行的首次发射，就至少要搭载两颗吉林一号大型卫星，还有许多其他的微小卫星。吉林一号能够跟踪运动的飞机、军舰和火箭导弹，战略意义十分重大。
还有，相比海上发射公司简陋的海上发射平台，我们的装备不但更大，而且硬件设施也要完善得多，比如平台本身有高高的发射塔，似乎可以将待命的火箭包裹在内部，发射时再打开悬臂，以减少海上严酷环境对火箭的影响。不仅如此，此前我们还建造了远望21和远望22两艘运输船，专门负责火箭的运输任务。
实际上，在2018年，我国就曾计划从海上发射火箭。当时入选的运载火箭为固体燃料的长征11，使用平板驳船发射平台，后来由于未知的原因取消了发射。而这一次，咱们同时建造三到四艘巨型发射平台，估计相关的技术已经成熟。
从目前来看，6月份的首次海上发射可能会选择在黄海这样的近海，但是以后我们的海上发射平台肯定将会主要在赤道附近活动。大家想象一下，三四艘航天母舰一样的海上运载火箭发射平台从我们的港口开出，和火箭运输船、远望测量船一期，浩浩荡荡奔赴大洋深处，该是一副多么壮观而科幻的画面啊，也许真正的“星球大战”时代，就要到来了吧。（作者署名：铁翼苍穹）
China's "spaceship carrier" is coming: appearance domineering will launch satellites at sea
China's "spaceship carrier" is coming: appearance domineering will launch satellites at sea
687
In recent years, China's aerospace industry has continuously made new breakthroughs. Spaceships, space stations, squatting moons, etc., things that were previously unthinkable have become reality, and have greatly enhanced China's overall national strength. Then, China's aerospace industry has another big move. It is expected that the launch vehicle will be launched at sea for the first time in June, and multiple satellites will be sent to space at a time.
China will launch a launch vehicle for the first time in the sea in June. China will launch a launch vehicle for the first time in June.
Recently, the launching platform of the launch vehicle launched by China is exposed online. It seems to be modified on the basis of the oil rig. The platform has a high closed-type launch tower and a bridge similar to an aircraft carrier, and there is a huge The venting trough and helicopter platform look very spectacular, and the thick steampunk paintings are on the paper. In addition, the picture shows that at the dock, such a space launch platform has at least three to four ships. If all are in service, it means that China will have the ability to launch rockets in batches from the sea.
This scale looks too great. This scale looks too great.
In fact, launching a launch vehicle from the sea is not a new thing. Russia has long used a strategic nuclear submarine to do similar things. In 1995, Russia and the United States and Norway also established a special marine launching company. So far, 29 sea launches have been carried out, of which only 3 and a half have failed. The equipped marine launching platform and command assembly ship can be online. Search for pictures. The benefits of sea launches are many, the most important of which is that they can be chosen in the equatorial region, eliminating the orbital plane changes required for the zero-degree inclination of the geostationary orbit, resulting in a significant increase in the carrying capacity of the rocket.
Maritime commercial launch by Russia before the previous commercial launch by Russia
However, the sea launch platform built by China this time is very different from that of Russia. First of all, a batch of three to four sea launch platforms built by our country is very large, exceeding the previous imagination. Secondly, our carrier rockets can send multiple satellites into space at a time. For example, the first launch to be carried out in June, at least two large Jilin satellites, and many other tiny satellites. The strategic significance of Jilin No. 1 capable of tracking aircraft, warships and rocket missiles is very important.
The strategic significance of Jilin No. 1 is very important. The strategic significance of Jilin No. 1 is very significant.
Also, compared to the maritime launching platform of the maritime launch company, our equipment is not only bigger, but also the hardware facilities are much better. For example, the platform itself has a high-rise tower, which seems to be able to wrap the rocket on standby. The cantilever is opened again during launch to reduce the impact of the harsh environment on the rocket. Not only that, but we also built two transport vessels, Yuanwang 21 and Yuanwang 22, which are responsible for the transportation of rockets.
China's two dedicated rocket carriers, two special rocket carriers in China
Yuanwang No. 11 is loading a launch vehicle, Yuanwang No. 11 is loading a launch vehicle
In fact, in 2018, China had planned to launch rockets from the sea. The carrier rocket selected at the time was a long-term solid fuel 11 , using a flat barge launch platform, and was later cancelled for unknown reasons. This time, we are building three to four giant launch platforms at the same time, and it is estimated that the relevant technology is mature.
The possibility of launching at sea may be the Long March 11 solid rocket for sea launch. It may be the Long March 11 solid rocket.
Our original idea is similar to this. Our original idea is similar to this.
From the current point of view, the first sea launch in June may choose to be offshore such as the Yellow Sea, but in the future our marine launch platform will definitely be active near the equator. Imagine that the launching platforms of three or four spacecraft-like marine launch vehicles will be taken from our ports, and the rocket transport ship and the Yuanwang survey ship will be carried out in the depths of the ocean. This is a spectacular show. And the sci-fi picture, maybe the real "Star Wars" era is coming. (Author's signature: Iron Wing)
Three to four platforms will sail at the same time, and the scene will be spectacular. Three to four platforms will sail at the same time.
https://nationalinterest.org/blog/b...s-and-f-15s-just-did-dispersal-exercise-54127
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April 24, 2019 Topic: Security Blog Brand: The Buzz Tags: ChinaWarMilitaryTechnologyWorldF-22F-16F-15
U.S. Air Force F-22s, F-16s, and F-15s Just Did a "Dispersal Exercise"
And China is the most likely reason why.
by David Axe Follow @daxe on Twitter L
The U.S. Air Force on April 22, 2019 practiced spreading out its warplanes across the Pacific region in order to make it harder for Chinese forces to target them.
Actually, preparing for bad weather was the main official justification. But the “dispersal exercise” also is part of an evolving Pentagon plan for waging high-tech war against China. American forces would spread out to dodge Chinese attack, then gather to conduct their own attacks.
“Pacific Air Forces airmen and aircraft from across the command joined together at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam ... to participate in a dispersal exercise throughout Micronesia,” the Air Force reported.
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A separate but parallel Air Force concept helps squadrons quickly to move small groups of warplanes.
“Operational environments and global threats evolve rapidly,” said Brig. Gen. Michael Winkler, PACAF director of strategy, plans and programs. “We must ensure that all forward-deployed forces are ready for a potential contingency with little notice and that we can move more fluidly across the theater to seize, retain and exploit the initiative in any environment.”
In 2013, the U.S. Air Force’s Alaska-based 3rd Wing devised a new way to deploy its 40 F-22 Raptor stealth fighters in order to make the most efficient use of the limited overall number of Raptor airframes -- just 120 or so of the roughly 180 F-22s in service are "combat-coded" and equipped with the latest software and weapons.
Instead of always painstakingly deploying entire 20-plane squadrons or even the whole 40-jet wing , as custom dictated , wing officers wrote new procedures for sending a quartet of F-22s plus a single supporting C-17 cargo plane practically anywhere in the Pacific region possessing a suitable airfield, all within 24 hours of the word "go."
The 3rd Wing gave the idea its "Rapid Raptor" name and proudly briefed the concept to the Air Force’s then-chief of staff Gen. Mark Welsh. The aim was for the 3rd Wing, during wartime, to quickly disperse its F-22s across many bases instead of concentrating them at just one facility where they might be vulnerable to, say, a Chinese ballistic-missile barrage.
Soon the whole six-squadron front-line F-22 force adopted the Rapid Raptor concept. In April 2016 the Florida-based 95th Fighter Squadron sent a pair of F-22s on a quick-fire tour of Eastern Europe as part of the U.S. military plan for deterring Russia in the aftermath of Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
The concept caught on. In July 2017, Air Force commandos in the United Kingdom practiced deploying to an austere airfield to quickly refuel and rearm F-15s from the 48th Wing. It was the first time that Air Force special operators and their MC-130 transports had teamed up with F-15C fighters at a so-called forward arming and refueling point, or FARP.
Air Force officials said they would to adapt the Rapid concept to other warplane types. "We’re working on 'Rapid Next,'" Gen. Herbert Carlisle, then commander of the Air Combat Command, said in September 2015. In 2017 the Air Force folded the Rapid scheme into its "agile combat employment" doctrine.
The U.S. Marine Corps meanwhile is developing its own concept for “distributed” operations in the Pacific region. On Dec. 7, 2018, Marines with Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 352 hauled two M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System launchers from Camp Pendleton in California to Dugway Proving Grounds in Utah, where a war game was underway.
At least one of the 12-ton HIMARS, a wheeled vehicle that fires a variety of surface-to-surface rockets, rolled off its KC-130J transport, quickly fired a training rocket, then loaded back into the KC-130J for its return flight.
There's a name for the practice of deploying a rocket launcher via aircraft, promptly firing then redeploying. The U.S. Army, which pioneered the method, calls it "HIMARS Rapid Infiltration" or HIRAIN.
Combined with other new tactics and new rockets, HIRAIN could allow U.S. force to quickly position long-range artillery, frustrating an enemy's own movements. The method might even allow American troops to impede China's expansion in the western Pacific.
Imagine a Chinese flotilla sailing toward some remote island group near Japan or The Philippines during some near-future war. A Marine rocket battery could quickly deploy to one island aboard Marine or Air Force transports and lob a few rockets at the Chinese ships while the transports idled nearby. "After firing each volley, the missile battery would move to a new hide site and await orders to fire again," the California think-tank RAND explained in a 2017 report.
The Marines similarly are beginning to spread out their growing force of F-35B stealth fighters across a large number of U.S. and allied ships. U.S. Navy amphibious assault ships have embarked wings of up to 10 F-35s. The Corps also has considered flying stealth fighters from South Korean and British ships.
Whether it’s Air Force warplanes dispersing across Micronesia or Marine rocket batteries and stealth fighters deploying across island chains and ships, the underlying principle is the same.
Spreading out your forces makes them harder to target. That concept could prove decisive in the event the United States and China ever go to war.
David Axe serves as Defense Editor of the National Interest. He is the author of the graphic novels War Fix, War Is Boring and Machete Squad.
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https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2019-04-27/doc-ihvhiqax5338309.shtml
美媒：美空军在太平洋进行分散演习 令中国更难攻击
2019年04月27日 11:44 参考消息
0
参考消息网4月27日报道 美媒称，美国空军在4月22日进行了将战机分散至太平洋地区各地的演练，官方给出的主要理由是为应对恶劣天气做准备，但事实上其目的是使中国军队更难攻击它们。
据美国《国家利益》双月刊网站4月24日报道，此次“分散演习”中，美国的军队会分散行动以躲避中国的攻击，然后再集结起来发动攻击。
美国空军说：“太平洋空军司令部的飞行员和飞机从司令部各地集中到关岛安德森空军基地……参加在密克罗尼西亚地区举行的分散演习。”
报道称，这次名为“弹性台风”的演习旨在确认太平洋空军司令部应对恶劣天气等迅速发展的事件的能力，同时保持支持该地区盟国和伙伴的战备状态。
此次演习检验了太平洋空军司令部从多个地点执行飞行任务以保持战备状态的能力，包括将集中在一个地方——安德森空军基地——的飞行员和飞机分散至关岛、提尼安岛、塞班岛、密克罗尼西亚联邦和帕劳的机场，进行休整然后迅速恢复行动。
参加演习的飞机种类繁多，包括日本三泽空军基地的F-16、嘉手纳空军基地的F-15C、横田空军基地的C-130J以及夏威夷珍珠港的C-17和F-22。
美国太平洋空军司令部战略、规划和项目负责人迈克尔·温克勒准将说：“作战环境和全球威胁迅速变化，我们必须确保所有部署在前沿的部队都做好应对可能突发的紧急情况的准备，并确保我们能够在战区内更加灵活地移动，以便在任何环境下夺取、保持和利用主动权。”
报道称，2013年，美国空军驻阿拉斯加第三联队设计了一种新的方式来部署它的40架F-22“猛禽”隐形战机。联队官员们没有按以往的惯例那样费力部署由20架战机组成的整个中队甚至是由40架战机组成的整个联队，而是撰写了新的规程，要求能够在接到命令后的24小时之内派遣4架F-22战机和1架配套的C-17运输机前往太平洋地区几乎任何地方的机场。
第三联队将这一理念命名为“快速猛禽”，其目的是使第三联队在战时能够迅速将F-22分散至多个基地，而不是将它们集中在一个可能容易受到攻击的设施内。
美国空军官员表示将把这一“快速”理念应用于其他战机。2017年，美国空军将“快速”理念整合纳入了“灵活作战部署”原则。
与此同时，美国海军陆战队也在发展它自己在太平洋地区的“分散”行动理念。2018年12月7日，美国海军陆战队第352空中加油机运输中队将两辆M142型“高机动性炮兵火箭系统”（HIMARS）发射车从加利福尼亚州彭德尔顿军营运到了正在举行军事演习的犹他州达格韦试验场。
报道称，利用飞机部署火箭炮发射车、迅速发射然后重新部署的做法是有名字的。首创这种战术的美国陆军称其为“HIMARS快速渗透”（HIRAIN）。
报道称，一旦与其他新战术和新型火箭炮相结合，HIRAIN可以使美军迅速部署远程火炮，挫败敌方行动。
美国海军陆战队同样也开始将越来越多的F-35B隐形战机部署到美国及其盟友的大量军舰上。美国海军的两栖攻击舰已经搭载了多达10架F-35战机。美国海军陆战队还考虑让它的隐形战机从韩国和英国的军舰上起飞。
报道称，不管是空军将战机分散至密克罗尼西亚各地，还是海军陆战队将火箭连或隐形战机部署到岛链和军舰上，其基本原理都是一样的。分散兵力使它们更难成为目标。一旦爆发战争，这一理念可能会被证明是决定性的。
资料图：美国空军F-15C战斗机。（新华社/法新）
US media: US Air Force's decentralized exercise in the Pacific makes China more difficult to attack
April 27, 2019 11:44 Reference message
0
The reference news network reported on April 27 that the US media said that the US Air Force conducted a drill to disperse the fighters to various parts of the Pacific region on April 22. The main reason given by the official is to prepare for the bad weather, but in fact its purpose It is making it harder for the Chinese army to attack them.
According to the US "National Interests" bimonthly website reported on April 24, in this "distributed exercise", the US military will disperse its actions to avoid Chinese attacks, and then assemble and launch attacks.
The US Air Force said: "The pilots and aircraft of the Pacific Air Command are concentrated from the headquarters to the Anderson Air Force Base in Guam... to participate in decentralized exercises in the Micronesia region."
According to the report, the exercise entitled “Flexible Typhoon” aims to confirm the ability of the Pacific Air Force Command to respond to rapidly developing events such as severe weather, while maintaining support for the readiness of allies and partners in the region.
The exercise examined the ability of the Pacific Air Force Command to perform missions from multiple locations to maintain readiness, including the concentration of pilots and aircraft concentrated in one location, Anderson Air Force Base, to Guam, Tinian Island, and Cesar. The airports of Banjo, the Federated States of Micronesia and Palau were retired and then quickly resumed operations.
There were a variety of aircraft participating in the exercise, including the F-16 of Japan's Misawa Air Force Base, the F-15C of Kadena Air Force Base, the C-130J of Yokota Air Force Base, and the C-17 and F-22 of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
Brigadier General Michael Winkler, Head of Strategy, Planning and Projects at the US Pacific Air Force Command, said: "The operational environment and global threats are changing rapidly. We must ensure that all deployed front-end units are ready to respond to unexpected emergencies. And ensure that we are able to move more flexibly in the theater to capture, maintain and take advantage of the initiative in any environment."
According to the report, in 2013, the US Air Force's third team in Alaska designed a new way to deploy its 40 F-22 Raptor stealth fighters. The officers of the United States did not deploy the entire squadron consisting of 20 fighters or even the entire fleet of 40 fighters as in the past practice. Instead, they wrote a new procedure requiring 24 hours after receiving the order. Four F-22 fighters and one C-17 transport aircraft were dispatched to the airport in almost anywhere in the Pacific.
The third team named the idea "Rapid Raptor", which was designed to enable the Third Wing to quickly spread the F-22 to multiple bases during wartime, rather than focusing on a facility that could be vulnerable. Inside.
US Air Force officials said they would apply this "fast" concept to other fighters. In 2017, the US Air Force integrated the “fast” concept into the “flexible operational deployment” principle.
At the same time, the US Marine Corps is also developing its own "decentralized" operational philosophy in the Pacific. On December 7, 2018, the US Marine Corps 352th Air Tanker Transportation Squadron operated two M142 "High Mobility Artillery Rocket System" (HIMARS) launch vehicles from the Pendleton Army in California to a military exercise. Dagway Test Site, Utah.
According to the report, the use of aircraft to deploy rocket launchers, rapid launch and redeployment is a name. The US Army, which pioneered this tactic, called it "HIMARS Rapid Infiltration" (HIRAIN).
According to the report, once combined with other new tactics and new rocket launchers, HIRAIN can enable the US military to quickly deploy long-range artillery and defeat enemy actions.
The US Marine Corps has also begun to deploy more and more F-35B stealth fighters to a large number of US and its allies. The US Navy's amphibious assault ship has been equipped with as many as 10 F-35 fighters. The US Marine Corps is also considering letting its stealth fighters take off from South Korean and British warships.
According to the report, whether the Air Force dispersed the aircraft to all parts of Micronesia, or the Marine Corps deployed rocket or stealth fighters to the island chain and warships, the basic principles are the same. Dispersing forces makes them harder to achieve. Once a war breaks out, this idea may prove to be decisive.
Data map: US Air Force F-15C fighter. (Xinhua News Agency / AFP)
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April 24, 2019 Topic: Security Blog Brand: The Buzz Tags: ChinaWarMilitaryTechnologyWorldF-22F-16F-15
U.S. Air Force F-22s, F-16s, and F-15s Just Did a "Dispersal Exercise"
And China is the most likely reason why.
by David Axe Follow @daxe on Twitter L
The U.S. Air Force on April 22, 2019 practiced spreading out its warplanes across the Pacific region in order to make it harder for Chinese forces to target them.
Actually, preparing for bad weather was the main official justification. But the “dispersal exercise” also is part of an evolving Pentagon plan for waging high-tech war against China. American forces would spread out to dodge Chinese attack, then gather to conduct their own attacks.
“Pacific Air Forces airmen and aircraft from across the command joined together at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam ... to participate in a dispersal exercise throughout Micronesia,” the Air Force reported.
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The exercise, named Resilient Typhoon, is designed to validate PACAF’s ability to adapt to rapidly developing events, like inclement weather, while maintaining readiness in support of allied and partner nations throughout the region.
The exercise tests PACAF’s ability to execute flight operations from multiple locations in order to maintain readiness and involves airmen and aircraft concentrated in one place – Andersen AFB – separating via a dispersal, recovering and then rapidly resuming operations at airports and airfields in: Guam, Tinian, Saipan, The Federated States of Micronesia … and Palau.
A wide range of aircraft participated in the exercise, including F-16s from Misawa air base in Japan, F-15Cs from Kadena, C-130Js from Japan’s Yokota air base and C-17s and F-22s from Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.The exercise tests PACAF’s ability to execute flight operations from multiple locations in order to maintain readiness and involves airmen and aircraft concentrated in one place – Andersen AFB – separating via a dispersal, recovering and then rapidly resuming operations at airports and airfields in: Guam, Tinian, Saipan, The Federated States of Micronesia … and Palau.
A separate but parallel Air Force concept helps squadrons quickly to move small groups of warplanes.
“Operational environments and global threats evolve rapidly,” said Brig. Gen. Michael Winkler, PACAF director of strategy, plans and programs. “We must ensure that all forward-deployed forces are ready for a potential contingency with little notice and that we can move more fluidly across the theater to seize, retain and exploit the initiative in any environment.”
In 2013, the U.S. Air Force’s Alaska-based 3rd Wing devised a new way to deploy its 40 F-22 Raptor stealth fighters in order to make the most efficient use of the limited overall number of Raptor airframes -- just 120 or so of the roughly 180 F-22s in service are "combat-coded" and equipped with the latest software and weapons.
Instead of always painstakingly deploying entire 20-plane squadrons or even the whole 40-jet wing , as custom dictated , wing officers wrote new procedures for sending a quartet of F-22s plus a single supporting C-17 cargo plane practically anywhere in the Pacific region possessing a suitable airfield, all within 24 hours of the word "go."
The 3rd Wing gave the idea its "Rapid Raptor" name and proudly briefed the concept to the Air Force’s then-chief of staff Gen. Mark Welsh. The aim was for the 3rd Wing, during wartime, to quickly disperse its F-22s across many bases instead of concentrating them at just one facility where they might be vulnerable to, say, a Chinese ballistic-missile barrage.
Soon the whole six-squadron front-line F-22 force adopted the Rapid Raptor concept. In April 2016 the Florida-based 95th Fighter Squadron sent a pair of F-22s on a quick-fire tour of Eastern Europe as part of the U.S. military plan for deterring Russia in the aftermath of Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
The concept caught on. In July 2017, Air Force commandos in the United Kingdom practiced deploying to an austere airfield to quickly refuel and rearm F-15s from the 48th Wing. It was the first time that Air Force special operators and their MC-130 transports had teamed up with F-15C fighters at a so-called forward arming and refueling point, or FARP.
Air Force officials said they would to adapt the Rapid concept to other warplane types. "We’re working on 'Rapid Next,'" Gen. Herbert Carlisle, then commander of the Air Combat Command, said in September 2015. In 2017 the Air Force folded the Rapid scheme into its "agile combat employment" doctrine.
The U.S. Marine Corps meanwhile is developing its own concept for “distributed” operations in the Pacific region. On Dec. 7, 2018, Marines with Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 352 hauled two M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System launchers from Camp Pendleton in California to Dugway Proving Grounds in Utah, where a war game was underway.
At least one of the 12-ton HIMARS, a wheeled vehicle that fires a variety of surface-to-surface rockets, rolled off its KC-130J transport, quickly fired a training rocket, then loaded back into the KC-130J for its return flight.
There's a name for the practice of deploying a rocket launcher via aircraft, promptly firing then redeploying. The U.S. Army, which pioneered the method, calls it "HIMARS Rapid Infiltration" or HIRAIN.
Combined with other new tactics and new rockets, HIRAIN could allow U.S. force to quickly position long-range artillery, frustrating an enemy's own movements. The method might even allow American troops to impede China's expansion in the western Pacific.
Imagine a Chinese flotilla sailing toward some remote island group near Japan or The Philippines during some near-future war. A Marine rocket battery could quickly deploy to one island aboard Marine or Air Force transports and lob a few rockets at the Chinese ships while the transports idled nearby. "After firing each volley, the missile battery would move to a new hide site and await orders to fire again," the California think-tank RAND explained in a 2017 report.
The Marines similarly are beginning to spread out their growing force of F-35B stealth fighters across a large number of U.S. and allied ships. U.S. Navy amphibious assault ships have embarked wings of up to 10 F-35s. The Corps also has considered flying stealth fighters from South Korean and British ships.
Whether it’s Air Force warplanes dispersing across Micronesia or Marine rocket batteries and stealth fighters deploying across island chains and ships, the underlying principle is the same.
Spreading out your forces makes them harder to target. That concept could prove decisive in the event the United States and China ever go to war.
David Axe serves as Defense Editor of the National Interest. He is the author of the graphic novels War Fix, War Is Boring and Machete Squad.
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https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2019-04-27/doc-ihvhiqax5338309.shtml
美媒：美空军在太平洋进行分散演习 令中国更难攻击
2019年04月27日 11:44 参考消息
0
参考消息网4月27日报道 美媒称，美国空军在4月22日进行了将战机分散至太平洋地区各地的演练，官方给出的主要理由是为应对恶劣天气做准备，但事实上其目的是使中国军队更难攻击它们。
据美国《国家利益》双月刊网站4月24日报道，此次“分散演习”中，美国的军队会分散行动以躲避中国的攻击，然后再集结起来发动攻击。
美国空军说：“太平洋空军司令部的飞行员和飞机从司令部各地集中到关岛安德森空军基地……参加在密克罗尼西亚地区举行的分散演习。”
报道称，这次名为“弹性台风”的演习旨在确认太平洋空军司令部应对恶劣天气等迅速发展的事件的能力，同时保持支持该地区盟国和伙伴的战备状态。
此次演习检验了太平洋空军司令部从多个地点执行飞行任务以保持战备状态的能力，包括将集中在一个地方——安德森空军基地——的飞行员和飞机分散至关岛、提尼安岛、塞班岛、密克罗尼西亚联邦和帕劳的机场，进行休整然后迅速恢复行动。
参加演习的飞机种类繁多，包括日本三泽空军基地的F-16、嘉手纳空军基地的F-15C、横田空军基地的C-130J以及夏威夷珍珠港的C-17和F-22。
美国太平洋空军司令部战略、规划和项目负责人迈克尔·温克勒准将说：“作战环境和全球威胁迅速变化，我们必须确保所有部署在前沿的部队都做好应对可能突发的紧急情况的准备，并确保我们能够在战区内更加灵活地移动，以便在任何环境下夺取、保持和利用主动权。”
报道称，2013年，美国空军驻阿拉斯加第三联队设计了一种新的方式来部署它的40架F-22“猛禽”隐形战机。联队官员们没有按以往的惯例那样费力部署由20架战机组成的整个中队甚至是由40架战机组成的整个联队，而是撰写了新的规程，要求能够在接到命令后的24小时之内派遣4架F-22战机和1架配套的C-17运输机前往太平洋地区几乎任何地方的机场。
第三联队将这一理念命名为“快速猛禽”，其目的是使第三联队在战时能够迅速将F-22分散至多个基地，而不是将它们集中在一个可能容易受到攻击的设施内。
美国空军官员表示将把这一“快速”理念应用于其他战机。2017年，美国空军将“快速”理念整合纳入了“灵活作战部署”原则。
与此同时，美国海军陆战队也在发展它自己在太平洋地区的“分散”行动理念。2018年12月7日，美国海军陆战队第352空中加油机运输中队将两辆M142型“高机动性炮兵火箭系统”（HIMARS）发射车从加利福尼亚州彭德尔顿军营运到了正在举行军事演习的犹他州达格韦试验场。
报道称，利用飞机部署火箭炮发射车、迅速发射然后重新部署的做法是有名字的。首创这种战术的美国陆军称其为“HIMARS快速渗透”（HIRAIN）。
报道称，一旦与其他新战术和新型火箭炮相结合，HIRAIN可以使美军迅速部署远程火炮，挫败敌方行动。
美国海军陆战队同样也开始将越来越多的F-35B隐形战机部署到美国及其盟友的大量军舰上。美国海军的两栖攻击舰已经搭载了多达10架F-35战机。美国海军陆战队还考虑让它的隐形战机从韩国和英国的军舰上起飞。
报道称，不管是空军将战机分散至密克罗尼西亚各地，还是海军陆战队将火箭连或隐形战机部署到岛链和军舰上，其基本原理都是一样的。分散兵力使它们更难成为目标。一旦爆发战争，这一理念可能会被证明是决定性的。
资料图：美国空军F-15C战斗机。（新华社/法新）
US media: US Air Force's decentralized exercise in the Pacific makes China more difficult to attack
April 27, 2019 11:44 Reference message
0
The reference news network reported on April 27 that the US media said that the US Air Force conducted a drill to disperse the fighters to various parts of the Pacific region on April 22. The main reason given by the official is to prepare for the bad weather, but in fact its purpose It is making it harder for the Chinese army to attack them.
According to the US "National Interests" bimonthly website reported on April 24, in this "distributed exercise", the US military will disperse its actions to avoid Chinese attacks, and then assemble and launch attacks.
The US Air Force said: "The pilots and aircraft of the Pacific Air Command are concentrated from the headquarters to the Anderson Air Force Base in Guam... to participate in decentralized exercises in the Micronesia region."
According to the report, the exercise entitled “Flexible Typhoon” aims to confirm the ability of the Pacific Air Force Command to respond to rapidly developing events such as severe weather, while maintaining support for the readiness of allies and partners in the region.
The exercise examined the ability of the Pacific Air Force Command to perform missions from multiple locations to maintain readiness, including the concentration of pilots and aircraft concentrated in one location, Anderson Air Force Base, to Guam, Tinian Island, and Cesar. The airports of Banjo, the Federated States of Micronesia and Palau were retired and then quickly resumed operations.
There were a variety of aircraft participating in the exercise, including the F-16 of Japan's Misawa Air Force Base, the F-15C of Kadena Air Force Base, the C-130J of Yokota Air Force Base, and the C-17 and F-22 of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
Brigadier General Michael Winkler, Head of Strategy, Planning and Projects at the US Pacific Air Force Command, said: "The operational environment and global threats are changing rapidly. We must ensure that all deployed front-end units are ready to respond to unexpected emergencies. And ensure that we are able to move more flexibly in the theater to capture, maintain and take advantage of the initiative in any environment."
According to the report, in 2013, the US Air Force's third team in Alaska designed a new way to deploy its 40 F-22 Raptor stealth fighters. The officers of the United States did not deploy the entire squadron consisting of 20 fighters or even the entire fleet of 40 fighters as in the past practice. Instead, they wrote a new procedure requiring 24 hours after receiving the order. Four F-22 fighters and one C-17 transport aircraft were dispatched to the airport in almost anywhere in the Pacific.
The third team named the idea "Rapid Raptor", which was designed to enable the Third Wing to quickly spread the F-22 to multiple bases during wartime, rather than focusing on a facility that could be vulnerable. Inside.
US Air Force officials said they would apply this "fast" concept to other fighters. In 2017, the US Air Force integrated the “fast” concept into the “flexible operational deployment” principle.
At the same time, the US Marine Corps is also developing its own "decentralized" operational philosophy in the Pacific. On December 7, 2018, the US Marine Corps 352th Air Tanker Transportation Squadron operated two M142 "High Mobility Artillery Rocket System" (HIMARS) launch vehicles from the Pendleton Army in California to a military exercise. Dagway Test Site, Utah.
According to the report, the use of aircraft to deploy rocket launchers, rapid launch and redeployment is a name. The US Army, which pioneered this tactic, called it "HIMARS Rapid Infiltration" (HIRAIN).
According to the report, once combined with other new tactics and new rocket launchers, HIRAIN can enable the US military to quickly deploy long-range artillery and defeat enemy actions.
The US Marine Corps has also begun to deploy more and more F-35B stealth fighters to a large number of US and its allies. The US Navy's amphibious assault ship has been equipped with as many as 10 F-35 fighters. The US Marine Corps is also considering letting its stealth fighters take off from South Korean and British warships.
According to the report, whether the Air Force dispersed the aircraft to all parts of Micronesia, or the Marine Corps deployed rocket or stealth fighters to the island chain and warships, the basic principles are the same. Dispersing forces makes them harder to achieve. Once a war breaks out, this idea may prove to be decisive.
Data map: US Air Force F-15C fighter. (Xinhua News Agency / AFP)
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Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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Two registrations for the army only for the youthful Fanghua. He is a hard-working and hard-working newborn burdock who can fight forbearance. Love and self-competence are "blood-sufficient". His synonym is 1 meter 67. The small man contains huge energy enlisted less than two. Year is already a small and famous fighting belt, Jingwu star. He is the 71st Army of the Eastern Theater, the "Sea Shark" special war brigade "Shen Can Lian", the superior soldier Yang Shiyu (people front line)
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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Yang Shiyu, a native of Zhoukou, Henan, joined the army in September 2017. He is the rank of superior soldier. He is now a soldier of the "God Guns" of the brigade. In July last year, he participated in the "Special Warfare - 2018" assessment of the Army organization. At the beginning of the training, the nose bone I was interrupted, bloody, and never thought about giving up.
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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The syncope of the brain, the bruises of the skin, the damage of the bones and bones, and the numerous times of being beaten and countless times stood up, and finally won the championship of the fighting. Won the "excellent compulsory soldiers", "group army Wang Jie-style good soldiers" pacesetter, etc., and won the second class merits.
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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Yang Shiyu, who is not tall, has a black face and a big eye, began to work at the Shaolin Temple Wushu Wenwu School at the age of 15 years old. He defeated more than 30 48-kilogram Sanda masters in Dengfeng City and got the second place in the class. Grade
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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In September 2016, Yang Shiyu signed up for the army, but the physical examination for conscription was rejected by the reserve for one year because he was rejected by the weight.
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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In September 2017, Yang Shiyu’s youthful dreams and glory joined the army and came to the special forces that they dreamed of. However, the monotonous and boring training life made him feel awkward and made him feel confused and stunned by the squad leader.
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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Then he saw the needle to guide him to take him to the history museum to explain the heroic model of the heroic story and to tell the story behind him in combination with the advanced model of the brigade. After a long period of psychological dredge and help him to gradually grow into a recruit in the training. "Jingwuqiang can secretly make up his mind to become a "leader"
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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After the company was connected, Yang Shiyu was assigned to the honorary company "God Guns", which was awarded by the Central Military Commission. This is a "knife top" company that once made great contributions to the border self-defense counterattack.
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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Out of a batch of batches to win the vanguard, he found that the company was lying in the company, so he used the "fine martial arts" in the company as the target to catch up with which subject has shortcomings and weaknesses.
In order to practice the speed, after the lights are turned off every day, the frog jumping duck steps and other auxiliary exercises are hard to train until the legs are sour. In order to strengthen the strength, he often lifts the ammunition box and the barbell.
The thought of persisting and stubbornly fighting again and again and again is in his mind, but in the face of failure, he never bows in front of difficulties. He never admits to lose the battle and wins the battle.
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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2019.04.30 17:32:48
In May 2018, when he was only 19 years old, he signed up for the Army "Special Warfare - 2018" contest 65 kg class fighting competition. In order to get the ticket for admission, he insisted on running for more than 40 degrees at a temperature of more than 40 degrees per day. Lose weight 22 kg in the month
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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2019.04.30 17:32:48
Before the training, Yang Shiyu’s weight was 76 kilograms. Because the height was only 1 meter 67, the first hurdle in front of him was “weight”. In order to lose weight, Yang Shiyu only drank a small bowl of porridge in the morning.
At noon, I ate a small amount of vegetables for dinner. I basically didn't eat it. I went back to the room and was hungry. I just drank some water and filled it with hunger. I couldn’t eat apples, pears, chews, and spit it out. After I had a mouthful of addiction, I finally won the admission. Voucher" Devil training, the sun is tempered to become a "pioneer"
出身少林擂台夺冠！这位荣获二等军功的上等兵是"老A"
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2019.04.30 17:32:48
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- 两次报名参军只为绽放青春芳华他是勤学苦练的初生牛犊能拼能忍，爱和自己较劲“血性十足”是他的代名词1米67的小个子蕴藏着巨大的能量入伍不到两年却已是小有名气的搏击金腰带、精武明星他就是东部战区陆军第71集团军“海鲨”特战旅“神炮连”上等兵杨师玉（人民前线）
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2019.04.30 17:32:48
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- 杨师玉，河南周口人，2017年9月入伍，上等兵军衔，现为该旅“神炮连”战士，去年7月，参加陆军组织的“特战奇兵—2018”考核比武，训练之初，鼻梁骨被打断、满脸鲜血，从未想过放弃。
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2019.04.30 17:32:48
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- 大脑的晕厥、皮肤的淤青、筋骨的损伤，无数次被打趴下又无数次站起来，最终取得了格斗赛的冠军。荣获“优秀义务兵”、“集团军王杰式好战士”标兵等，荣立个人二等功1次。
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2019.04.30 17:32:48
出身少林擂台夺冠！这位荣获二等军功的上等兵是"老A"
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- 2016年9月杨师玉就报名参军但征兵体检因体重超标被拒之门外通过预备役一年的训练才来到了这里
出身少林擂台夺冠！这位荣获二等军功的上等兵是"老A"
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2019.04.30 17:32:48
出身少林擂台夺冠！这位荣获二等军功的上等兵是"老A"
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2019.04.30 17:32:48
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- 便见缝插针引导他带他到旅史馆为他讲解英雄模范的战斗故事并结合旅里的先进典型讲述其背后的故事经过长时间的心理疏通和帮带他从此刻苦训练渐渐成长为新兵中的“佼佼者”精武强能暗下决心逐渐成为“排头兵”
出身少林擂台夺冠！这位荣获二等军功的上等兵是"老A"
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2019.04.30 17:32:48
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- 下连后杨师玉被分到了被中央军委授称的荣誉连队“神炮连”这是一支曾在边境自卫反击战中立过大功的“刀尖子”连队
出身少林擂台夺冠！这位荣获二等军功的上等兵是"老A"
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2019.04.30 17:32:48
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- 为了练速度每天熄灯后坚持蛙跳鸭子步等辅助练习硬是练到两腿发酸才停下为了强化力量他天天课余时间推举弹药箱和杠铃常常练的手臂都抬举不起
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- 一次次咬牙坚持和顽强拼搏一次次放弃的念头在他的脑海里徘徊但在失败面前他从不低头在困难面前他从不认输矢志打赢奋勇拼搏终获比武“入场券”
出身少林擂台夺冠！这位荣获二等军功的上等兵是"老A"
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- 2018年5月年仅19岁的他报名参加陆军“特战奇兵-2018”比武65公斤级格斗擂台赛为了拿到出征入场券他每天坚持在40多度高温下长跑15公里短短两个月内减重22斤
出身少林擂台夺冠！这位荣获二等军功的上等兵是"老A"
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- 集训之前杨师玉的体重是76公斤由于身高只有1米67摆在他面前的第一道坎就是“体重关”为了减体重，集训期间杨师玉早上仅喝一小碗的稀饭
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- 中午吃少量蔬菜晚饭基本没进食一回到房间饥饿难耐于是就喝点水充充饥实在不行就吃点苹果、梨子嚼一嚼再吐出来，过过嘴瘾最终赢取参加考核比武的“入场券”魔鬼训练烈日骄阳淬炼成为“急先锋”
Http://slide.mil.news.sina.com.cn/l/slide_8_199_71696.html#p=1
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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2019.04.30 17:32:48
Two registrations for the army only for the youthful Fanghua. He is a hard-working and hard-working newborn burdock who can fight forbearance. Love and self-competence are "blood-sufficient". His synonym is 1 meter 67. The small man contains huge energy enlisted less than two. Year is already a small and famous fighting belt, Jingwu star. He is the 71st Army of the Eastern Theater, the "Sea Shark" special war brigade "Shen Can Lian", the superior soldier Yang Shiyu (people front line)
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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Yang Shiyu, a native of Zhoukou, Henan, joined the army in September 2017. He is the rank of superior soldier. He is now a soldier of the "God Guns" of the brigade. In July last year, he participated in the "Special Warfare - 2018" assessment of the Army organization. At the beginning of the training, the nose bone I was interrupted, bloody, and never thought about giving up.
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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2019.04.30 17:32:48
The syncope of the brain, the bruises of the skin, the damage of the bones and bones, and the numerous times of being beaten and countless times stood up, and finally won the championship of the fighting. Won the "excellent compulsory soldiers", "group army Wang Jie-style good soldiers" pacesetter, etc., and won the second class merits.
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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2019.04.30 17:32:48
Yang Shiyu, who is not tall, has a black face and a big eye, began to work at the Shaolin Temple Wushu Wenwu School at the age of 15 years old. He defeated more than 30 48-kilogram Sanda masters in Dengfeng City and got the second place in the class. Grade
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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In September 2016, Yang Shiyu signed up for the army, but the physical examination for conscription was rejected by the reserve for one year because he was rejected by the weight.
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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2019.04.30 17:32:48
In September 2017, Yang Shiyu’s youthful dreams and glory joined the army and came to the special forces that they dreamed of. However, the monotonous and boring training life made him feel awkward and made him feel confused and stunned by the squad leader.
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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2019.04.30 17:32:48
Then he saw the needle to guide him to take him to the history museum to explain the heroic model of the heroic story and to tell the story behind him in combination with the advanced model of the brigade. After a long period of psychological dredge and help him to gradually grow into a recruit in the training. "Jingwuqiang can secretly make up his mind to become a "leader"
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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After the company was connected, Yang Shiyu was assigned to the honorary company "God Guns", which was awarded by the Central Military Commission. This is a "knife top" company that once made great contributions to the border self-defense counterattack.
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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Out of a batch of batches to win the vanguard, he found that the company was lying in the company, so he used the "fine martial arts" in the company as the target to catch up with which subject has shortcomings and weaknesses.
In order to practice the speed, after the lights are turned off every day, the frog jumping duck steps and other auxiliary exercises are hard to train until the legs are sour. In order to strengthen the strength, he often lifts the ammunition box and the barbell.
The thought of persisting and stubbornly fighting again and again and again is in his mind, but in the face of failure, he never bows in front of difficulties. He never admits to lose the battle and wins the battle.
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
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2019.04.30 17:32:48
In May 2018, when he was only 19 years old, he signed up for the Army "Special Warfare - 2018" contest 65 kg class fighting competition. In order to get the ticket for admission, he insisted on running for more than 40 degrees at a temperature of more than 40 degrees per day. Lose weight 22 kg in the month
Born in Shaolin to win the championship! This second class soldier who won the second class military is "Old A"
Support button flip through pictures list view
Full screen view
2019.04.30 17:32:48
Before the training, Yang Shiyu’s weight was 76 kilograms. Because the height was only 1 meter 67, the first hurdle in front of him was “weight”. In order to lose weight, Yang Shiyu only drank a small bowl of porridge in the morning.
At noon, I ate a small amount of vegetables for dinner. I basically didn't eat it. I went back to the room and was hungry. I just drank some water and filled it with hunger. I couldn’t eat apples, pears, chews, and spit it out. After I had a mouthful of addiction, I finally won the admission. Voucher" Devil training, the sun is tempered to become a "pioneer"
looks like a low forehead retard.
Recently after PLA 70th Anniversary Parade, Western Spy Satellites measured the size of PLA's #003 aircraft carrier which's majority main sections already assembled at the open air yard. They fond the beam (width) already exceeded 42m. Exceeded Nimitz class's 40.7m, it is not as wide as Gerald Ford's 78m but, depending on length & draft (depth) it is now expected to be 100K tons instead of the original estimation of 80K tons. Nimitz & Gerald Ford are actually same displacement of 110k ton. LiaoNing is only 65K tons.
https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-05-11/doc-ihvhiqax7971084.shtml
印媒:中国第3艘航母将笑傲亚洲 印再无同类舰可媲美
印媒:中国第3艘航母将笑傲亚洲 印再无同类舰可媲美
1,081
据外媒报道，当地时间5月7日，美国知名智库战略与国际研究中心（CSIS）发布了一组全新的卫星图片，这组照片将焦点聚集在了目前正在忙碌运转中的上海江南造船厂，也就是传说中的中国第3艘航母的诞生之地。该型航母预计将成为今后中国海军，甚至是亚洲海军当中体格最大、战力最强的超一流水面舰艇。用新加坡智库分析师伊恩·斯托里的话来说，就是：
“一旦这艘航母完成建造工作，那么它将成为当之无愧的亚洲最强水面舰艇，任何亚洲国家现役的战舰都无法与之媲美，包括印度和日本。”
虽然这组卫星图片上存在着不少诸如密云和雾霾一类的遮蔽物，但CSIS方面仍然对航母的大致情况进行了评估。CSIS认为该型航母的主体部分最宽可达40米，这意味着它的整体规格将会超过于现役的“辽宁”号航母，甚至是正在进行海试的中国首艘国产航母002型。
而在本月更早些时候，美国五角大楼曾发布过一份报告，报告中详细介绍了目前中国航母计划的进展情况。该报告分析认为，该型航母可能会在2022年前后投入运营。而CSIS此次所公布的卫星图片在某种程度也算是印证了这种推测。在过去半年来，江南造船厂的基础设施有了很大变化，出现了占地面积堪比好几个标准足球场大小的组装间，以及一个新的大型干船坞等。
这些新的基础设施的出现显然为了建造该航母而服务的。考虑到它的超高规格，这艘航母预计将会配备电磁弹射系统。此前无论是辽宁号和002型，它们所采用的都是滑越起飞模式，弹射系统的缺失限制了舰载机的起飞重量和出动效率，这对于那些需要执行对地打击任务的航空兵部队来说尤其不利。而该型航母的到来无疑大为提高将中国海军航空兵部队的作战能力。
更重要的是，配备了电磁弹射器的新型航母将能够搭载诸如美制E-2“鹰眼”一般的功能强大的预警机，而这类固定翼舰载机的大多数性能都优要优于印度海军现役的俄制卡-31预警直升机。
尽管目前尚不知道新型航母是否会用上核动力系统，但这并不妨碍它成为亚洲水面舰艇的一哥。斯托里的说法绝非只是场面话而已，印度海军现役唯一一艘航母，是10年前从俄罗斯引进的“超日王”号。超日王号和目前在建中的印度首艘国产航母“维克兰特”号都采用的是滑雪起飞模式，后者的排水量约为4万5000吨。
早前有英国媒体透露，英国BAE集团正同印度海军进行洽谈，探索以“伊丽莎白女王”级航母为蓝本为后者提供其第二艘国产航母建造方案的可能。这艘传说中的印度航母被称为“维沙尔”号，它的排水量预计将达到6万多吨，并且还有望配备电磁弹射系统。如果这些情况属实，那么维沙尔号或许还有能与中国新型航母一决雌雄的实力，但目前最严峻的一个问题在于：新型航母的建造工作已在紧张的进行之中，而维沙尔号却仍只是个可望而不可及的海市蜃楼。不管印度海军为它制定了多高的性能指标都好，指望想象中的维沙尔号去匹敌现实中的新型航母，到头来注定也只是徒劳一场。（作者署名：机械喵）
Modi: India is the only one that is not the first to use nuclear weapons.
Modi: India is the only one that is not the first to use nuclear weapons.
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On May 4th, Modi said in a TV show that India is the only country in the world that is firmly committed to the policy of not using nuclear weapons first. In order to highlight that he is serious, Modi repeatedly emphasized the words "no first use of nuclear weapons" and "only".
Previously, Modi seemed to have made some mistakes when expressing his position on Pakistan. Previously, Modi seemed to have made some mistakes when expressing his position on Pakistan.
At that time, he said that India had stopped its nuclear deterrence policy against Pakistan, but Pakistan is still clamoring for India to have nuclear weapons every day. So Modi said that India’s nuclear weapons were not used to watch fireworks.
Such remarks have caused great controversy in India and have been interpreted by many media as the future of India's possible use of nuclear weapons to combat Pakistan.
After discovering that his speech was deliberately misunderstood by the opponent, Modi’s speech was obviously to clarify his inappropriate speech.
He said that since the last nuclear test in India in 1998, the policy of not using nuclear weapons has always become the basic bottom line and written law pursued by India. Even if any Indian government comes to power, it will not change it.
In fact, it has been previously rumored that the Indian security adviser proposed to Modi that India should impose some restrictions on the basic law of not using nuclear weapons first: for example, non-nuclear-weapon states can promise not to use nuclear weapons first, but for Pakistan. Nuclear-weapon states should not impose restrictions. Once they are aggressed, they should be used first when necessary.
However, Modi still firmly stated that he will not make any changes to the nuclear weapons policy during his term of office. But such an episode seems to indicate that, at least in India, there are still some people who disagree with Modi’s policy of not using nuclear weapons first.
As we all know, a small local heat war has occurred in India and Pakistan not long ago.
Since India’s military camp was hit by the Kashmir guerrillas, India threatened retaliation and then dispatched a large number of air forces to attack Pakistan-backed Kashmir guerrilla camps. The Pakistan Air Force quickly fought, knocking down an Indian MiG-21 in the battle and capturing an Indian pilot.
Just as the eyes of the whole world are focused on whether the conflict between India and Pakistan will evolve into the 1999 Kargil war, even when they fight each other for nuclear weapons, India and Pakistan suddenly reached a reconciliation as if they had said it.
Pakistan first released goodwill and expressed its willingness to return to prisoners. India also followed suit and expressed its reluctance to continue to expand the conflict and is willing to stop. The reason is because India and Pakistan are both nuclear states.
In fact, the conflict in Kashmir has been around for a long time, even as far back as the British colonial period. At that time, the British Empire immediately left India and buried the time bomb. The Kashmir issue has been pending and has led to an ongoing arms race between the two sides.
The arms race also takes place on nuclear weapons. In 1998, India conducted five nuclear tests and Pakistan conducted six times. The two sides were almost recognized by the international community as nuclear states. Now, the IAEA believes that India and Pakistan have at least 110 nuclear bombs, and the verification power of both sides is enough to completely destroy the other side.
It is conceivable that once the conflict between the two sides intensifies, it is inevitable that the other party will use the nuclear weapons to attack themselves.
But for this problem, Modi is awake.
Commitment not to take the lead in the use of nuclear weapons is because Modi understands that although the position of Pakistan and India on the Kashmir issue is almost incompatible, the former requires the local autonomy, while India believes that the place has always been the traditional territory of India. However, the size of the conflict in the region has lasted for more than 70 years, and a large number of civilians die every year because of conflict.
The Kashmir region has contained 250,000 troops in India. Every year, Pakistan’s money spent in Kashmir has also seriously consumed a large amount of its domestic social resources, which has seriously hampered its economic development.
However, although Kashmir’s problems are currently inconsistent, they can still be reconciled in a concession manner. Once nuclear weapons are used, even the most basic survival has become a problem. This is undoubtedly for the sake of small interests, giving up other all.
Although India mentioned that it does not take the lead in the use of nuclear weapons, it has forgotten that China is also pursuing a country that does not take the lead in using nuclear weapons, and that China is earlier than India’s declaration. But Modi’s remarks are mainly to highlight that India will not take the lead.
It is not difficult to see from Modi's words that even if the war broke out and the war in Pakistan, or Pakistan continued to "invade" the Mil area, as long as the other party does not use nuclear weapons first, India will not take the lead in using nuclear weapons. (Author's signature: sharp blade military blade / WXZ)
https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-05-11/doc-ihvhiqax7971084.shtml
印媒:中国第3艘航母将笑傲亚洲 印再无同类舰可媲美
印媒:中国第3艘航母将笑傲亚洲 印再无同类舰可媲美
1,081
据外媒报道，当地时间5月7日，美国知名智库战略与国际研究中心（CSIS）发布了一组全新的卫星图片，这组照片将焦点聚集在了目前正在忙碌运转中的上海江南造船厂，也就是传说中的中国第3艘航母的诞生之地。该型航母预计将成为今后中国海军，甚至是亚洲海军当中体格最大、战力最强的超一流水面舰艇。用新加坡智库分析师伊恩·斯托里的话来说，就是：
“一旦这艘航母完成建造工作，那么它将成为当之无愧的亚洲最强水面舰艇，任何亚洲国家现役的战舰都无法与之媲美，包括印度和日本。”
虽然这组卫星图片上存在着不少诸如密云和雾霾一类的遮蔽物，但CSIS方面仍然对航母的大致情况进行了评估。CSIS认为该型航母的主体部分最宽可达40米，这意味着它的整体规格将会超过于现役的“辽宁”号航母，甚至是正在进行海试的中国首艘国产航母002型。
而在本月更早些时候，美国五角大楼曾发布过一份报告，报告中详细介绍了目前中国航母计划的进展情况。该报告分析认为，该型航母可能会在2022年前后投入运营。而CSIS此次所公布的卫星图片在某种程度也算是印证了这种推测。在过去半年来，江南造船厂的基础设施有了很大变化，出现了占地面积堪比好几个标准足球场大小的组装间，以及一个新的大型干船坞等。
这些新的基础设施的出现显然为了建造该航母而服务的。考虑到它的超高规格，这艘航母预计将会配备电磁弹射系统。此前无论是辽宁号和002型，它们所采用的都是滑越起飞模式，弹射系统的缺失限制了舰载机的起飞重量和出动效率，这对于那些需要执行对地打击任务的航空兵部队来说尤其不利。而该型航母的到来无疑大为提高将中国海军航空兵部队的作战能力。
更重要的是，配备了电磁弹射器的新型航母将能够搭载诸如美制E-2“鹰眼”一般的功能强大的预警机，而这类固定翼舰载机的大多数性能都优要优于印度海军现役的俄制卡-31预警直升机。
尽管目前尚不知道新型航母是否会用上核动力系统，但这并不妨碍它成为亚洲水面舰艇的一哥。斯托里的说法绝非只是场面话而已，印度海军现役唯一一艘航母，是10年前从俄罗斯引进的“超日王”号。超日王号和目前在建中的印度首艘国产航母“维克兰特”号都采用的是滑雪起飞模式，后者的排水量约为4万5000吨。
早前有英国媒体透露，英国BAE集团正同印度海军进行洽谈，探索以“伊丽莎白女王”级航母为蓝本为后者提供其第二艘国产航母建造方案的可能。这艘传说中的印度航母被称为“维沙尔”号，它的排水量预计将达到6万多吨，并且还有望配备电磁弹射系统。如果这些情况属实，那么维沙尔号或许还有能与中国新型航母一决雌雄的实力，但目前最严峻的一个问题在于：新型航母的建造工作已在紧张的进行之中，而维沙尔号却仍只是个可望而不可及的海市蜃楼。不管印度海军为它制定了多高的性能指标都好，指望想象中的维沙尔号去匹敌现实中的新型航母，到头来注定也只是徒劳一场。（作者署名：机械喵）
Modi: India is the only one that is not the first to use nuclear weapons.
Modi: India is the only one that is not the first to use nuclear weapons.
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On May 4th, Modi said in a TV show that India is the only country in the world that is firmly committed to the policy of not using nuclear weapons first. In order to highlight that he is serious, Modi repeatedly emphasized the words "no first use of nuclear weapons" and "only".
Previously, Modi seemed to have made some mistakes when expressing his position on Pakistan. Previously, Modi seemed to have made some mistakes when expressing his position on Pakistan.
At that time, he said that India had stopped its nuclear deterrence policy against Pakistan, but Pakistan is still clamoring for India to have nuclear weapons every day. So Modi said that India’s nuclear weapons were not used to watch fireworks.
Such remarks have caused great controversy in India and have been interpreted by many media as the future of India's possible use of nuclear weapons to combat Pakistan.
After discovering that his speech was deliberately misunderstood by the opponent, Modi’s speech was obviously to clarify his inappropriate speech.
He said that since the last nuclear test in India in 1998, the policy of not using nuclear weapons has always become the basic bottom line and written law pursued by India. Even if any Indian government comes to power, it will not change it.
In fact, it has been previously rumored that the Indian security adviser proposed to Modi that India should impose some restrictions on the basic law of not using nuclear weapons first: for example, non-nuclear-weapon states can promise not to use nuclear weapons first, but for Pakistan. Nuclear-weapon states should not impose restrictions. Once they are aggressed, they should be used first when necessary.
However, Modi still firmly stated that he will not make any changes to the nuclear weapons policy during his term of office. But such an episode seems to indicate that, at least in India, there are still some people who disagree with Modi’s policy of not using nuclear weapons first.
As we all know, a small local heat war has occurred in India and Pakistan not long ago.
Since India’s military camp was hit by the Kashmir guerrillas, India threatened retaliation and then dispatched a large number of air forces to attack Pakistan-backed Kashmir guerrilla camps. The Pakistan Air Force quickly fought, knocking down an Indian MiG-21 in the battle and capturing an Indian pilot.
Just as the eyes of the whole world are focused on whether the conflict between India and Pakistan will evolve into the 1999 Kargil war, even when they fight each other for nuclear weapons, India and Pakistan suddenly reached a reconciliation as if they had said it.
Pakistan first released goodwill and expressed its willingness to return to prisoners. India also followed suit and expressed its reluctance to continue to expand the conflict and is willing to stop. The reason is because India and Pakistan are both nuclear states.
In fact, the conflict in Kashmir has been around for a long time, even as far back as the British colonial period. At that time, the British Empire immediately left India and buried the time bomb. The Kashmir issue has been pending and has led to an ongoing arms race between the two sides.
The arms race also takes place on nuclear weapons. In 1998, India conducted five nuclear tests and Pakistan conducted six times. The two sides were almost recognized by the international community as nuclear states. Now, the IAEA believes that India and Pakistan have at least 110 nuclear bombs, and the verification power of both sides is enough to completely destroy the other side.
It is conceivable that once the conflict between the two sides intensifies, it is inevitable that the other party will use the nuclear weapons to attack themselves.
But for this problem, Modi is awake.
Commitment not to take the lead in the use of nuclear weapons is because Modi understands that although the position of Pakistan and India on the Kashmir issue is almost incompatible, the former requires the local autonomy, while India believes that the place has always been the traditional territory of India. However, the size of the conflict in the region has lasted for more than 70 years, and a large number of civilians die every year because of conflict.
The Kashmir region has contained 250,000 troops in India. Every year, Pakistan’s money spent in Kashmir has also seriously consumed a large amount of its domestic social resources, which has seriously hampered its economic development.
However, although Kashmir’s problems are currently inconsistent, they can still be reconciled in a concession manner. Once nuclear weapons are used, even the most basic survival has become a problem. This is undoubtedly for the sake of small interests, giving up other all.
Although India mentioned that it does not take the lead in the use of nuclear weapons, it has forgotten that China is also pursuing a country that does not take the lead in using nuclear weapons, and that China is earlier than India’s declaration. But Modi’s remarks are mainly to highlight that India will not take the lead.
It is not difficult to see from Modi's words that even if the war broke out and the war in Pakistan, or Pakistan continued to "invade" the Mil area, as long as the other party does not use nuclear weapons first, India will not take the lead in using nuclear weapons. (Author's signature: sharp blade military blade / WXZ)
Today simultaneously launched 2 more brand new type 052D destroyers, which are very very advanced, but neither the Chinese nor friends nor foes were too excited because there are already 20 of such type 052D plus 6 type 052C plus many others. These destroyers are 6K tons. Now even their heaviest displacement in Asia type 055 destroyers which are 11~12k tons, are not exciting, also got plenty. Their new exciting toys are carriers and amphibious assault ships 100K tons & 80K tons types.
http://slide.mil.news.sina.com.cn/h/slide_8_203_71860.html
下饺子！两艘052D盾舰在大连齐下水 总数已达20艘
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2019.05.11 10:04:07
下饺子！两艘052D盾舰在大连齐下水 总数已达20艘
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2019.05.11 10:04:07
据香港文汇网消息，5月10日上午，两艘052D型导弹驱逐舰在大连造船厂同时下水。至此，中国已服役和正在舾装的该型舰已达20艘。这也是继去年7月3日两艘055型万吨大驱后，大连造船厂再次同时下水两艘军舰。（责任编辑：王朋飞 SN195）
Http://slide.mil.news.sina.com.cn/h/slide_8_203_71860.html
Let's make dumplings! The total number of two 052D shield ships in Dalian has reached 20
According to Hong Kong Wenhui.com, on the morning of May 10, two 052D guided missile destroyers were launched at the Dalian Shipyard. So far, the number of ships that China has served and is armoring has reached 20. This is also the second ship after the two ships of 055 tons in July last year, the Dalian shipyard once again launched two warships. (Source: Hong Kong Wenhui Net)
Let's make dumplings! The total number of two 052D shield ships in Dalian has reached 20
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2019.05.11 10:04:07
According to Hong Kong Wenhui.com, on the morning of May 10, two 052D guided missile destroyers were launched at the Dalian Shipyard. So far, the number of ships that China has served and is armoring has reached 20. This is also the second ship after the two ships of 055 tons in July last year, the Dalian shipyard once again launched two warships.
According to Hong Kong Wenhui.com, on the morning of May 10, two 052D guided missile destroyers were launched at the Dalian Shipyard. So far, the number of ships that China has served and is armoring has reached 20. This is also the second ship after the two ships of 055 tons in July last year, the Dalian shipyard once again launched two warships.
Let's make dumplings! The total number of two 052D shield ships in Dalian has reached 20
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2019.05.11 10:04:07
9 / 9
According to Hong Kong Wenhui.com, on the morning of May 10, two 052D guided missile destroyers were launched at the Dalian Shipyard. So far, the number of ships that China has served and is armoring has reached 20. This is also the second ship after the two ships of 055 tons in July last year, the Dalian shipyard once again launched two warships. (Editor: Wang Pengfei SN195)
http://slide.mil.news.sina.com.cn/h/slide_8_203_71860.html
下饺子！两艘052D盾舰在大连齐下水 总数已达20艘
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- 据香港文汇网消息，5月10日上午，两艘052D型导弹驱逐舰在大连造船厂同时下水。至此，中国已服役和正在舾装的该型舰已达20艘。这也是继去年7月3日两艘055型万吨大驱后，大连造船厂再次同时下水两艘军舰。（图片来源：香港文汇网）
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2019.05.11 10:04:07
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- 据香港文汇网消息，5月10日上午，两艘052D型导弹驱逐舰在大连造船厂同时下水。至此，中国已服役和正在舾装的该型舰已达20艘。这也是继去年7月3日两艘055型万吨大驱后，大连造船厂再次同时下水两艘军舰。
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- 据香港文汇网消息，5月10日上午，两艘052D型导弹驱逐舰在大连造船厂同时下水。至此，中国已服役和正在舾装的该型舰已达20艘。这也是继去年7月3日两艘055型万吨大驱后，大连造船厂再次同时下水两艘军舰。
下饺子！两艘052D盾舰在大连齐下水 总数已达20艘
支持 键翻阅图片 列表查看
全屏观看
2019.05.11 10:04:07
据香港文汇网消息，5月10日上午，两艘052D型导弹驱逐舰在大连造船厂同时下水。至此，中国已服役和正在舾装的该型舰已达20艘。这也是继去年7月3日两艘055型万吨大驱后，大连造船厂再次同时下水两艘军舰。（责任编辑：王朋飞 SN195）
Http://slide.mil.news.sina.com.cn/h/slide_8_203_71860.html
Let's make dumplings! The total number of two 052D shield ships in Dalian has reached 20
According to Hong Kong Wenhui.com, on the morning of May 10, two 052D guided missile destroyers were launched at the Dalian Shipyard. So far, the number of ships that China has served and is armoring has reached 20. This is also the second ship after the two ships of 055 tons in July last year, the Dalian shipyard once again launched two warships. (Source: Hong Kong Wenhui Net)
Let's make dumplings! The total number of two 052D shield ships in Dalian has reached 20
Support button flip through pictures list view
Full screen view
2019.05.11 10:04:07
According to Hong Kong Wenhui.com, on the morning of May 10, two 052D guided missile destroyers were launched at the Dalian Shipyard. So far, the number of ships that China has served and is armoring has reached 20. This is also the second ship after the two ships of 055 tons in July last year, the Dalian shipyard once again launched two warships.
According to Hong Kong Wenhui.com, on the morning of May 10, two 052D guided missile destroyers were launched at the Dalian Shipyard. So far, the number of ships that China has served and is armoring has reached 20. This is also the second ship after the two ships of 055 tons in July last year, the Dalian shipyard once again launched two warships.
Let's make dumplings! The total number of two 052D shield ships in Dalian has reached 20
Support button flip through pictures list view
Full screen view
2019.05.11 10:04:07
9 / 9
According to Hong Kong Wenhui.com, on the morning of May 10, two 052D guided missile destroyers were launched at the Dalian Shipyard. So far, the number of ships that China has served and is armoring has reached 20. This is also the second ship after the two ships of 055 tons in July last year, the Dalian shipyard once again launched two warships. (Editor: Wang Pengfei SN195)
Too big and the aircraft carrier is not stealthy anymore,
Applying idea of so call STEALTH to warships is from day one TOO SILLY! Try Tiny Speed Boats or Un-man Boats may be a little bit meaningful for commando jobs.
No matter you view from visible light or infrared or radio single EMI from microwave to MW band, aircraft carriers are HUGE BRILLIANT PROMINENT TARGETS that can never hide.
No point to waste time and money and resources to try STEALTH on carriers. It is size like 3 blocks of HDB flats and with lots of aircraft taking off and landing like an airport there. Even audio noises are so loud. Signals in all spectrum all very very strong and active. How to hide it? They some more fly a navy AWAC above it, which turn on very strong radar signal to cover carrier's ass fear bombers or missiles coming. That radar signal can be detected 800km to 1200km away, and everyone knows that is the carrier battle group's position. Only Idiots cannot find them!
China PLA cannot even defeat vietnam and taiwan.how will they fight US?
US lost the Vietnam War in 1969. Hello, Ramadan no food brain not working?
US lost Vietnam. Nearly lost Korea war due to PLA intervention.
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