History this day, 70 years ago, 23rd.April.1949 PLA NAVY WAS STARTED WITH ONLY JUST 13 MEN! & few useless fucked up boats!
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这里有一份“海军70周年海上大阅兵”观看指南
2019-04-23 10:16
阅兵 /中国 /海军
庆祝人民海军成立70周年:海上阅兵今天举行 10余国派舰艇参加
▲图片来自@人民海军官方微博。
这两天青岛港格外繁忙,不时有各国舰艇到达,等待出席4月23日也就是今天的盛会。
4月23日,是中国人民解放军海军建军70周年的大日子,青岛及附近海空域将举行盛大的海军阅兵仪式。各大洲70多个国家的海军代表团将参加盛会,其中30多个国家由海军主要领导人带队。
中方将派出包括航母、新型核潜艇、新型驱逐舰等在内的32艘舰艇受阅,有些舰艇是第一次亮相。同时,包括预警机、侦察机、反潜巡逻机、轰炸机、歼击机、舰载战斗机、舰载直升机在内的39架战机也将受阅。
俄罗斯、日本、印度、泰国、越南等十多个国家的近20艘舰艇也将参加阅兵。青岛海上大阅兵,既是中国军事外交的盛事,也是中国海军近年来“升级”成果的一次重要展览。
下面,我们当一次导游,回顾一下人民海军的建设历程,标注一下这次海上阅兵的主要看点。
一、人民海军最初只有13人
海军副司令员邱延鹏在向外界介绍此次海上大阅兵时曾说过,人民海军从白马庙启航时,全部家当不过“几艘基本丧失战斗力的铁壳船和木船。”
可以补充的是,1949年人民海军成立时,所有成员加上海军司令张爱萍在内,只有13人。
成立人民海军的动议源于1949年初。毛泽东起草1949年党的任务时,其中专有一条:“1949年及1950年,我们应当争取组成一支能够使用的空军及一支保卫沿海沿江的海军,这种可能性是存在的。”
1949年4月23日,也就是渡江战役打响的同一天,张爱萍在白马庙宣布华东军区海军成立,成员只有13人,设定的任务是接受国民党起义的海军舰艇部队。
此前,国民党军主力战舰重庆号轻巡洋舰在邓兆祥率领下已经起义,结果重庆号遭遇国民党空军轮番轰炸受损,于3月20日自沉于葫芦岛港内。
1949年4月23日当天,国民党将领林遵又率海防第二舰队9艘军舰、21艘舰艇,1271名的官兵队起义,这是国民党海军战役中规模最大的一次起义。
林遵也是二战日本投降后,率舰接收南沙群岛的指挥官。今天南沙群岛中的太平岛,就是林遵起的名。
宣布华东军区海军成立的当天,张爱萍就带着其他12人赶到江阴,在那里抽调了三野的三支部队共4000人,编入了人民海军。
这4000人和起义部队,共同构成了人民海军的前身。
由于主力舰艇要么遭遇轰炸,要么逃逸,所以最初人民海军的家底确实不厚。
▲万吨级驱逐舰首舰海上还行画面首度公开。图片来自@人民海军官方微博。
二、“进入双航母时代”
前一阵子看到一张各主要国家海军近年的产量图表,中国海军的占比超过了一半。
确实,中国海军的飞跃主要发生在最近5年。
总部设在伦敦的国际战略研究所去年发表的全球海军军事力量调查报告说,以舰艇总吨位计算,中国在2014年到2017年的4年间,建造的海军舰艇总量就已经接近于英国皇家海军的规模,而法国海军参谋长普拉扎克在向参议院提交的报告中称:“中国海军在4年里就建造了一个法国海军。”
而2018年、2019年,中国海军的实力还在突飞猛进地增长。首艘国产航母001A型已经5次海试,中国进入双航母时代已是事实。
军迷们已经在翘首以待传说中采用电磁弹射技术的003号航母。“中华神盾舰”等各类舰艇的入列服役也呈现出加速度态势。
一些人对中国海军的成长各种不适应。但大国当有国防重器。中国将承担更多国际地区安全责任,为亚太地区乃至世界提供更多公共安全产品。
2015年发布的《中国的军事战略》明确指出:“中国仍然面临多元复杂的安全威胁,遇到的外部阻力和挑战逐步增多,生存安全问题和发展安全问题、传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁相互交织,维护国家统一、维护领土完整、维护发展利益的任务艰巨繁重。”
基于战略形势判断,中国海军建设确定的目标是--
“按照近海防御、远海护卫的战略要求,逐步实现近海防御型向近海防御与远海护卫型结合转变,构建合成、多能、高效的海上作战力量体系,提高战略威慑与反击、海上机动作战、海上联合作战、综合防御作战和综合保障能力。”
▲图片来自@人民海军官方微博。
三、海上大阅兵的各国舰艇
根据海军副司令员邱延鹏此前的介绍,青岛海上大阅兵中国受阅的32艘舰艇将分成6个群,39架受阅将被编为10个梯队,采取舰艇单纵队航行、飞行梯队跟进的方式执行海上分列式。估计用时一个小时。
很多网友还关心其他国家的受阅海军。这其中,阵容最强大的是俄罗斯舰艇编队。
参加受阅的“戈尔什科夫海军元帅”号导弹护卫舰是从距离最远的俄罗斯北方舰队调来的,是俄罗斯最新的水面舰艇。戈尔什科夫是冷战时期苏联海军司令,西方称之为“苏联的马汉”。
未来俄罗斯将装备45艘这款舰艇。俄罗斯舰艇编队中另两艘舰艇是太平洋舰队的“特里布茨海军上将”号大型反潜舰和一艘远洋救援船。
远洋救援船也算是比较有技术含量的。这个编队组合是防御救援型组合,但也可以展示俄罗斯近年的发展成果。
日本海上自卫队派出的是秋月级通用型驱逐舰“凉月号”。这是2011年12月以来,第一艘访华的日本海上自卫队军舰。
所谓秋月级,主要担负航母舰队的防空、反潜和反舰等方面的作战。“秋月号”是第一艘建成下水的,所以叫秋月级。
在这个级别上,还有“冬月号”、“照月号”,与“秋月号”、“凉月号”4艘构成一个作战网络。
日本习惯于把秋月级叫作护卫舰,实际上秋月级已经达到了护卫舰、驱逐舰一体的级别。
印度是人们关注的另一个重点。印度派出的是“加尔各答号”驱逐舰。这是目前印度海军最强的主力战舰,也有“印度神盾”之称,对标的是中国海军的052D和055。
不过,抛开舰上的导弹发射核装置、有源相控阵雷达系统这些不论,光说吨位,“加尔各答号”是7500吨,中国海军日前发布的最新宣传片《中国海军,和平力量》中,首度公开了舷号为101的055万吨级驱逐舰。这意味着在海上阅兵画面中可能会看到。
其他国家,如文莱的“达鲁塔克瓦号”巡逻舰、新加坡的“坚强号”护卫舰、韩国的“京畿道”护卫舰等,虽然战力不比驱逐舰,但看看军容风貌,也是好的。
海上大阅兵,肯定令人震撼。同时,还传递着这样的信息:中国有能力维护核心利益,也有能力为地区和世界提供更多公共安全产品。
□徐立凡(专栏作家)
编辑 王言虎 校对 陆爱英
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Here is a "Navy 70th Anniversary Sea Parade" viewing guide
2019-04-23 10:16 Military Parade / China / Navy
Celebrating the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Navy: Maritime military parade held more than 10 countries to participate in the ship today
▲Image from @民海军官方微博.
In these two days, Qingdao Port was particularly busy. From time to time, ships from various countries arrived, waiting to attend the event on April 23, which is today's event.
On April 23, it was the 70th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy. A grand naval parade ceremony will be held in Qingdao and nearby sea and airspace. Naval delegations from more than 70 countries on all continents will participate in the event, and more than 30 countries will be led by the main leaders of the Navy.
The Chinese side will send 32 ships including aircraft carriers, new nuclear submarines and new destroyers, and some ships will be unveiled for the first time. At the same time, 39 fighters including early warning aircraft, reconnaissance aircraft, anti-submarine patrol aircraft, bombers, fighters, carrier-based fighters and ship-borne helicopters will also be read.
Nearly 20 ships from more than ten countries including Russia, Japan, India, Thailand and Vietnam will also participate in the military parade. The Qingdao military parade is not only a grand event of China's military diplomacy, but also an important exhibition of the "upgraded" achievements of the Chinese navy in recent years.
Next, let us be a tour guide, review the construction process of the People's Navy, and mark the main points of the military parade.
First, the People’s Navy initially had only 13 people.
When Qiu Yanpeng, the deputy commander of the Navy, introduced the maritime military parade to the outside world, he said that when the People’s Navy sailed from the White Horse Temple, all of them were "a few iron shell ships and wooden boats that basically lost their fighting power."
It can be added that when the People’s Navy was established in 1949, all members, including the naval commander Zhang Aiping, had only 13 people.
The motion to establish the People’s Navy originated in early 1949. When Mao Zedong drafted the 1949 party's mission, one of the exclusive ones: "In 1949 and 1950, we should strive to form an air force that can be used and a navy that defends coastal rivers. This possibility exists."
On April 23, 1949, the same day that the Battle of Dujiang River started, Zhang Aiping announced the establishment of the East China Military Region Navy at the White Horse Temple. There were only 13 members, and the task was to accept the naval ship units of the Kuomintang uprising.
Previously, the KMT’s main battleship, the Chongqing Light Cruiser, had been uprising under the leadership of Deng Zhaoxiang. As a result, the Chongqing No. Air Force suffered a bombing of the Kuomintang Air Force and was sunk in the port of Huludao on March 20.
On April 23, 1949, the Kuomintang general Lin Zun also led the Haifeng Second Fleet of 9 warships, 21 ships, and 1271 officers and men's uprising. This was the largest uprising in the Kuomintang naval battle.
Lin Zun was also the commander of the Nansha Islands after the surrender of Japan in World War II. Today, Taiping Island in the Nansha Islands is the name of Lin Zunqi.
On the day of the establishment of the Navy of the East China Military Region, Zhang Aiping rushed to Jiangyin with 12 other people, where 4,000 people from the three units of Sanye were transferred and incorporated into the People's Navy.
These 4,000 people and the insurgents together formed the predecessor of the People’s Navy.
Since the main ship was either bombed or escaped, the original People’s Navy’s family was not really thick.
▲The first ship of the 10,000-ton destroyer was also open for the first time at sea. Image from @民海军官方微博.
Second, "Entering the era of dual aircraft carriers"
A while ago, I saw a production chart of the major navies in recent years, and the Chinese navy accounted for more than half of the total.
Indeed, the leap of the Chinese navy has mainly occurred in the last five years.
According to a report on the global naval military force issued by the International Strategy Institute based in London last year, the total number of naval vessels built in China during the four years from 2014 to 2017 is close to the Royal Navy. The size of the French Navy Chief of Staff Prazak said in a report to the Senate: "The Chinese Navy built a French navy in four years."
In 2018 and 2019, the strength of the Chinese navy is still growing by leaps and bounds. The first domestic aircraft carrier 001A has been tested five times, and it is a fact that China entered the era of dual aircraft carriers.
Army fans are already waiting for the legendary aircraft carrier No. 003, which uses electromagnetic ejection technology. The service of various types of ships such as the "Chinese Aegis Ship" also showed an acceleration trend.
Some people are not suitable for the growth of the Chinese navy. But big countries should have national defense weapons. China will assume more responsibility for international regional security and provide more public safety products for the Asia Pacific region and the world.
The "China's Military Strategy" released in 2015 clearly states: "China still faces multiple complex security threats, and the external resistance and challenges encountered are gradually increasing. The survival security issues and development security issues, traditional security threats and non-traditional security threats are mutually exclusive. Intertwined, the task of safeguarding national unity, maintaining territorial integrity, and safeguarding development interests is arduous and arduous."
Based on the strategic situation, the goal of the Chinese naval construction is --
"In accordance with the strategic requirements of offshore defense and offshore protection, gradually realize the transformation of offshore defense to offshore defense and offshore protection, and build a synthetic, versatile and efficient maritime combat strength system to enhance strategic deterrence and counterattack, maritime mobile operations, and at sea. Joint operations, integrated defense operations, and integrated support capabilities."
▲Image from @民海军官方微博.
3. Ships of various countries at sea parade
According to Qiu Yanpeng, the deputy commander of the Navy, the 32 ships that the Qingdao Sea Parade will be read in China will be divided into 6 groups. 39 of them will be compiled into 10 echelons, and the single-sail voyage and flight echelon follow-up will be adopted. The way to perform a maritime demarcation. Estimated to take an hour.
Many netizens are also concerned about the read navy in other countries. Among them, the most powerful lineup is the formation of Russian ships.
The "Malshkov Naval Marshal" missile frigate was read from the farthest Russian northern fleet and is Russia's newest surface ship. Gorshkov was the commander of the Soviet Navy during the Cold War, and the West called it "the Mahan of the Soviet Union."
In the future, Russia will equip 45 ships. The other two ships in the Russian fleet are the large fleet of anti-submarine ships and the ocean-going rescue ship of the Pacific Fleet.
The ocean rescue boat is also relatively technical. This formation combination is a defensive rescue combination, but it can also show the development results of Russia in recent years.
The Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force dispatched the Autumn Moon-class general-purpose destroyer "Gold Moon". This is the first Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force warship to visit China since December 2011.
The so-called autumn moon class is mainly responsible for the air defense, anti-submarine and anti-ship operations of the aircraft carrier fleet. "Autumn Moon" is the first to be built into the water, so it is called the autumn month.
At this level, there are also "Winter Moon" and "Liangyue", and the "Qiuyue" and "Liangyue" four ships form a combat network.
Japan is accustomed to calling the autumn moon class a frigate. In fact, the autumn moon level has reached the level of integrated frigates and destroyers.
India is another focus of attention. India sent the "Kolkata" destroyer. This is currently the strongest main battleship of the Indian Navy, and also known as the "African Aegis". The target is the Chinese Navy's 052D and 055.
However, regardless of the ship's missile launching nuclear device and active phased array radar system, regardless of the tonnage, the "Kolkata" is 7,500 tons. The latest propaganda film "China Navy, Peace Force" released by the Chinese Navy recently For the first time, the 055-ton-class destroyer with a port number of 101 was disclosed. This means that you may see it in the military parade screen.
Other countries, such as Brunei's "Dalutakwa" patrol ship, Singapore's "Strong" frigate, South Korea's "Gyeonggi-do" frigate, etc., although the combat power is not better than the destroyer, but look at the military appearance, it is also good .
The military parade at sea is definitely shocking. At the same time, it also conveys the message that China has the ability to safeguard its core interests and its ability to provide more public safety products to the region and the world.
□ Xu Lifan (column writer)
Editor Wang Yanhu Proofreading Lu Aiying returns to Sohu to see more