Chen Show Mao
Programme from Last Night.
PANTUN MELAYU
A good thing about being Singaporean is we have more occasion than most people to ask "Who ARE we?"
A big part of who we are is our national language -- Bahasa Melayu. It roots us to our geography and our history.
For Chinese speaking Singaporeans to learn anything about our national language, more and more we rely on English to intermediate. But this was not always the case.
For large parts of our history, Chinese had its own direct connections to Malay. The Qing dynasty traveler Li Zhongjue observed in the late 1800s that the Chinese people in Singapore all spoke the Malay language.
Tonight I will read from an anthology of Pantun Melayu compiled for Chinese readers by Mr Lim Huan Boon. It was first published in 1958, while Mr Lim was a student at Nanyang University and before Bahasa Melayu was officially adopted as our national language. This is where I say to you in English: "Thanks for coming". I will go on to read the pantun in Malay and Chinese. These two languages first met each other long ago here; got to know each other over time here; and, if we have anything to do with it, will live together happily ever after here, in our midst.
今天我要朗读的马来四行诗出自林焕文先生编译的《马来班顿三百首》。林先生在〈马来四行诗简介〉里写着:
诗的旋律,就是生活的旋律;诗的音节,就是生活的节拍。 马来四行诗 [--班顿,] 就是古时候马来民族简朴生活的旋律和节拍,是古代马来甘榜乡村生活的全面反映。... 马来民间口头文学的真正代表。
它的结构简单完整而押韵又优美谐调 ... 容易上口 ... 一代又一代地流传至今。但是, 这些班顿的作者--人民文学家的名字却无法加以考稽。
这就像收集在《诗经》里的中国古老诗歌一样。
其实,无论是题材还是体裁,班顿对中文读者来说,都不会陌生。
举个例子,《诗经》里大家最熟悉的几行:
关关雎鸠,在河之洲。窈窕淑女,君子好逑。
用我们的话来说,是:
“关关叫的水鸟,在河中的一块陆地上。善良美丽的姑娘,是好男儿的好配偶。“
這在马来班頓里有所共鳴。
(Some familiar lines from the Chinese Book of Odes recall this pantun.)
Dari mana punai melayang?
dari paya turun ke padi
Dari mana kasih sayang
dari mata turun ke hati.
Dari mana punai melayang?
鸽子打从哪儿来? (先提到禽鸟:诗经的雎鸠对班顿的鸽子)
dari paya turun ke padi
从沼泽飞到稻田里。(再提到土地及河流:诗经的在河之洲对班顿的沼泽地及稻田。靠水的土地,经常是我们的祖先所选择的居住地。)
(打个岔-- 阿裕尼集选区里头也有块宽大的沼泽地,这是巴耶利峇区马来名的原意。)
Dari mana kasih sayang?
爱情打从哪儿来?
dari mata turun ke hati.
从眼睛直到心窝里。(最后谈到爱情,谈到婚嫁)
这也是班顿典型的结构:四行诗的前两行为引子,通常描述情景;后两行则表达一定的想法、情感。
Orang Bandung memintal kapas,
anak Cina berkancing tulang.
Ayah kandung pulanglah lekas,
anakanda rindu bukan kepalang.
万隆人们纺棉纱,
中国小孩扣骨纽。
爸爸请您快回来,
孩子思念情难耐。
Pukul gendang tiup serunai,
anak India mandi minyak,
saya umpama rumput di bumi,
rendah sekali pada yang banyak.
打起鼓来吹喇叭,
印度小孩身涂油。
我似小草地上长,
众人面前显的低。
一个常见到华族小孩及印度小孩的多元种族的生活环境,反映在马来诗歌里。
不单单是本地的生活环境,本地人的心境也反映在诗歌里。
(Multi-racial surroundings in which Chinese and Indian children were often seen were painted in Malay verse. And it was not just the local scene, but also local sentiments, that were captured.)
Dari Jepun ke bandar Cina,
singgah berlabuh di Singapura.
Bunga yang kembang siapa punya,
kami beringin memetiknya.
来自日本去中国,
船只占泊石叻埠。
盛开花儿属谁家?
一心想把花采折。
本地人对川流不息的外地访客,那出自我们本能的警戒,對”採花“客的防心,不言而喻。
可是,相对地,本地人對我们的客人”身在异乡为异客“那种心境的理解,也反映在班顿里。
(Towards the stream of visitors to our shores, we were naturally guarded, even as we understood how our guests could be feeling, as strangers in a strange land.)
Pada si camar menyampai pesan,
lagu rindu lukisan jiwa.
Sungguhpun elok negara orang,
negara sendiri tak dapat lupa.
海燕带则口信来,
恋歌描绘着心灵。
别人国家虽然好,
自己家园永不忘。
這种爱家园的情懷--無論是用華文或是巫文來表達,都是我们熟悉理解的。
这两个亚洲语文及它们所承载的文化,它们相互的对话及它们之间的沟通、交流,应该是直接而顺畅的。
(The pantun sings of the love for one's home, which we understand well, be it expressed in Malay or Chinese. The connection between these two Asian languages and the cultures they convey can be direct and strong. )
最后,我挑了两首班顿,与大家分享它们所体现的广大人民的智慧!
(Finally, a toast to the pantun and the folk wisdom they embody.)
Jika dilurut padi masak,
jatuh ke tanah berderai-derai.
Kalau takut dilambung ombak,
jangan berumah di tepi pantai.
如把熟谷捋下来,
必定散落在地上。
如果害怕海浪高,
不可居住靠滨海。
Baik-baik berlayar malam,
harus deras, karangnya tajam.
Kalau tidak malim yang pandai,
di situ banyak kapal tenggelam.
夜里行舟要细心,
水流湍急礁石尖。
倘若船家没本事,
多少沉船在那边。
与大家共勉之!
谢谢大家。Terima Kasih.