Chitchat Opium and China Military threads

[Tony Tan]

In my previous post, I did not write about the business of whole STEALTH GAME. Here it is: The whole so called Stealth Idea of USAF, is such that so called Stealth Planes are not turning on their own radar signals, and they fully depending on AWACs to be their eyes. The game is like torch lights in the darkness. You can turn on your radar it is like a torch light to see things in the darkness, but then everyone else sees you from far, that you are the one using a torch light searching. USAF let AWACs be the only one turning on a big radar, and the so called stealth fighters F-22 F-35 shut off their radar signals and data-link shows their pilots what the AWAC's big strong radar can see.

Hence AWAC is a very big obvious target visible from hundreds km or even 1000km, by any old 3rd world radar systems. The USAF idea is AWACs must be located high and far from enemies missiles and fighters reach and the F-22 & F-35 will intercept any fighters from attacking AWACs. Now PLA's PL-15 changed the game, none of the the AWACs, tankers, stealth fighters are safe from PLA, and PLA jets are safely away from USAF missiles's short range. Most USAF A-A missiles are 20km 50km range the furthest LRAAM is 120km only. PL-15 is 400km range. Advantage is very clear cut more than double! The USAF can protect NOTHING. PLA are very safe! They can send even the slowest old jets to kill all of USAF, and safely return because of PL-15.

How this game is done?

1st kill the AWACs, the #1 target. Once AWAC is gone, USAF if blinded, All the so called stealth fighters have to be forced to turn on their own radars to see what is in the air. This is when they are NO LONGER STEALTH. Their AWAC big torch light is gone, they each have to turn on their own torch lights, hence all are visible to ANY Radars! This is when PLA can do happy free firing PL-15. Kill each and every one from a safe distance, they have no chance to fire back!

HUAT AH!



http://slide.mil.news.sina.com.cn/slide_8_193_61066.html#p=1

射程超400公里：中国超远程空空导弹作战模式示意图
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全屏观看 2018.02.19 10:50:36

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中国超远程空空导弹PL-XX作战模式示意图：初始目标参数通过空警2000的数据进行更新，中段飞行可依靠数据链加惯导加北斗导航修正，末端制导采用双模式复合引导弹头。新浪军事独家制图，仅供参考。

• 

霹雳-15远程空空导弹曝光，如今已开始出现于解放军各大演习之中，再次曝光，这显然已完成霹雳15导弹列装，刚刚列装部队就开始进行应用。据测算，霹雳-15弹长5.7米左右，可能采用高空道弹，抵达目标前进行末端机动性，估计射程400公里，甚至更高。

• 

　　现代战争中空中预警机与空中加油机等特种机为重要的支援力量，有“战力倍增器“之称，自然也成了双方重点关注的对象。也许超远程空对空导弹为最大威胁，目前多国都在从事远程空空导弹研发，这让美军忧心其威胁。

• 

霹雳15是一款颠覆性空战武器，毕竟射程达到400公里，颠覆了现有空战战术理念，这类武器上F22遇上也一样没招了，其射程太远了，没等F22去拦截导弹载机，导弹已经发射了，所以远程空空导弹一直为美军相当忧心的事，但是现在这个事情依然发生了。

• 

远程射程是它的优势，对空中预警机等大型空中目标威胁相当大，受技术条件的限制，预警机最大监视距离约400到500公里，对战斗机类目标只有300公里。

• 

如果空对空导弹射程超过300公里，那等预警机发现来袭目标时，很可能对方的导弹已经发射，更不要说，400公里了。由于导弹的个头很小，预警机也许只能在几十公里的地方发现它，那时再采用措施就晚了，也就没有安全可言了！

• 

　　当然了，也有缺点，那就是机动过载偏小，但是大型空中目标几乎没有机动规避的能力，不算问题的问题了。

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技术上的难题为：制导，以前受制导技术限制，空对空导弹射程受到限制，如今随着数据链、中继制导、主动雷达制导等多种技术的进步，让不可能变可能了。

• 

霹雳15以惯性制导加数据链进行中断制导，未段采用主动雷达系统，也可能开发为反辐射型，通过跟踪预警机雷达来追踪目标。

• 
• 目前已知歼16可以挂载霹雳-15，其它型号也一样可以，实战中，可没办法提前知道那架战机加挂了它，那么预警机如何分辩对方战机构成的威胁那？别弄成惊弓之鸟了。

• 

歼20作为一款标准五代机，在作战性能上要远远优于其他战机，隐身的优势，让歼20在一般情况下不需要携带近距空空导弹。在充分发挥隐身优势的情况下，歼20在百公里外就能先发现目标，面对隐身战机，四代机恐怕要到几十公里内才能发现歼20，这时恐怕为时已晚。

• 
• 所以，歼20搭配的导弹射程要求越远越好，只有射程远才能真正的发挥出其隐身优势，霹雳15正好能满足这样的条件。霹雳15曾亮相过珠海航展，网络上也出现过多次歼10C和歼11D试射的画面，外媒对此导弹非常关注。

• 

为什么外媒会对霹雳15感兴趣？原因很简单，根据目前的数据来看，这款导弹可以说是世界上射程最远的空空导弹，最大射程高达400公里，这是目前现役空空导弹中最远的。

• 

就连美国F22装备的“阿姆拉姆”远程空空导弹也望城莫及，因为后者的最大射程只有160公里，还不到霹雳15的一半。

• 
• 中国空军列装的霹雳-15，将让敌手的预警机处于枪口之下，几乎无处可藏。既便不能击落，只要构成有效威胁，那么就足以干扰敌方空中支援和指挥系统。（作者署名：浴火）

In the reversed side of this game, PLA can protect their own AWAC with also just cheap old jets carrying PL-15s. The PLA AWACs will clearly see any enemy from few hundred (close to 1000km depending on altitudes), PL-15 can be launched when targets are 400km in range, way before USAF can shoot any LRAAMs (max range only 120km), so USAF can not kill PLA AWACs, their missiles are not even able to reach PLA AWACs, before they got shotdown. So even a suicide attack plan will have no chance.

Suicide Attack plan can be done only if the A-A missiles on both sides were roughly equal. Your commando pilots dash ASAP towards AWAC and fire all missiles at it then try to flee ASAP, the interceptors will already fire volley of A-A missile at you, but you can dare devil don't flee and still carry out your attack, you have time to fire your A-A missiles at the expense of losing your escape chance. This is suicide mission, chances are you can kill AWAC, but you will be killed also. When PL-15 range is 400km and USAF LRAAMs is 120km even this kind of suicide attack have no chance! Even if LRAAM range can be doubled from 120km to 240km still a very tiny chance against the PL-15's 400km kill range.

Say even if USAF made doubled ranged 240km super-LRAAM to kill PLA AWAC, they may need to send 20~30 commando jets to carry out suicide mission, or 50 against 1 PLA AWAC, to have a better chance. Hoping the PL-15 run out of missiles. And some commando jets will live to get close enough within 240km to fire at PLA AWAC. But USAF now only got 120km LRAAMs, sending 100 sucide command jets also finish, because there is a long distance 280km death range in which they will die before they can have chance to fire any LRAAM.

Ass Luck USAF! PLA has the absolute air superiority! Prepare your coffins!

 

[Agoraphobic]

PLC hasn`t shown any of its prowess in the ongoing winter Olympics in Pyongchang. What`s going onÉ So preoccupied with the destruction of USAÉ. waitin for whatÉ

Cheers!

 

[Froggy]

​

 

[Agoraphobic]

No electric guitar!!!

Cheers!

 

[Shut Up you are Not MM]

http://slide.mil.news.sina.com.cn/k/slide_8_62085_61501.html#p=1

折戟沉沙铁未销：俄六大新武器对中国有何意义
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全屏观看 2018.03.06 18:43:28

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本月1日俄罗斯现任总统及下任总统候选人普京在俄罗斯联邦会议发表国情咨文，国情咨文中集中曝光了俄罗斯最新的六款先进武器。众所周知，中国也是苏俄系武器的“大客户”，那么俄罗斯这次曝光的新武器对我国是否有什么借鉴意义呢？本期《出鞘》我们就来谈谈这些事情。

折戟沉沙铁未销：俄六大新武器对中国有何意义
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全屏观看 2018.03.06 18:43:28

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这次曝光的武器中首当其冲的是奠定俄罗斯大国地位的基石“萨尔玛特”洲际弹道导弹。作为一款液体弹道导弹“萨尔玛特”基本可以看作现役的“撒旦”导弹的换代产品。“萨尔玛特”的有效载荷由“撒旦”的6吨提升到了9吨级别，所携带的10枚分导弹头也从500千吨级提升到了750千吨级。


折戟沉沙铁未销：俄六大新武器对中国有何意义
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全屏观看 2018.03.06 18:43:28

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但“萨尔玛特”对于俄罗斯的意义还不仅于此，她还是俄罗斯“国防工业自主化”的重要标志——由位于乌克兰的苏联南方设计局设计的“撒旦”导弹在当前的国际环境下已经无法获得乌克兰方面对于导弹保养和升级的任何帮助。此时接近完成的这款导弹无异于俄罗斯人的“争气弹”。

 

[Tony Tan]

Which Ang Moh ship want to volunteer as 1st target @ SCS? Come forward pse! Need 1 volunteer for ship sinking test!

http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2018-03-08/doc-ifysamru0940117.shtml

官方首次确认中国电磁炮上舰试验已获成功
官方首次确认中国电磁炮上舰试验已获成功

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　　来源：环球网

　　[环球网军事报道 记者 张加军]巾帼不让须眉！3月8日国际劳动妇女节的前一天，中国海军官方新闻信息发布平台“中国海军网”发布题为《实力爆表！她可是马伟明院士创新团队的核心成员》的人物报道，“全国三八红旗手”获得者、海军工程大学副研究员张晓，在矢志强军的创新之路上的感人事迹，让亿万军迷感动。

　　“全国三八红旗手”获得者、海军工程大学副研究员张晓

　　报道提及，张晓是海军工程大学舰船综合电力技术国防科技重点实验室副研究员，马伟明院士创新团队的核心成员之一，作为“某重大国防科技演示验证项目副总设计师”，她在“电磁发射技术领域”埋头潜心研究，在某重大项目攻关过程中，大胆提出了循环浪涌的设计思路，经过数百次失败和五万多次的试验，攻克了制约某特种电源发展的数十项瓶颈技术，成功研制出世界上规模最大的“连发型电源”，目前该型电源已实现量产，技术性能达到国际先进水平，为我国“电磁发射技术”的基础研究、工程化应用和人才培养做出了突出贡献。

　　这批报道在末尾提及，这项科研工作五年多之后，“某项国产新型武器装备第一次在船上试验就取得了成功”！试验现场，一位专家留下了热泪：“曾经我们的北洋水师在此饱受欺凌，今天我在这个地方看到了阳光明媚和希望。”

　　某项国产新型武器装备第一次在船上试验就取得了成功

　　有军事观察人士认为，从这篇报道中“国产新型武器”、“电磁发射技术”、“连发型电源”、“船上试验”等几个关键词可以判断，应该与今年初网络上流传的电磁轨道炮测试照片有直接关联。可以说，这是官方首次确认中国电磁炮上舰试验获得成功！

　　根据相关科普知识，电磁炮使用的不是炸药，而是利用强大的电磁体将射弹发射到远达100海里的地方，速度可达音速的7倍，这让传统火炮的射程和速度相形见绌，后者只能将弹药发射到10-20海里远。

　　今年1月31日开始流传的照片显示，解放军“海洋山”号大型坦克登陆舰（舷号936）装备了酷似电磁轨道炮的武器展开测试，随后就有中国军事分析家说，这是一个“具备划时代意义”的工程壮举。据已知信息，美国早已进行类似技术试验，但尚未在海上进行过试验。

　　实际上，随着中国综合国力的提升，在科技人员的奋力攻关下，在某些尖端科研领域中国走在世界前列已经逐渐变得不再稀奇。

　　在今天这个特殊的节日里，让我们向奋战在矢志强军道路上的巾帼科技英豪们表示崇高的敬意！

　　推荐阅读：中国出手真狠：美国核潜艇在钓鱼岛出大事！ 查看详情请搜索微信公众号：sinamilnews

 

[Tony Tan]

Chinese rocket maker @人大 parliament says Chinese rocket can launch more than 10 silly Tesla sports car to space at a single go, if they wanted. This referred to the silly meaningless SPACEX stunt, claiming biggest rocket. Separately there was disclosure about a Chinese development on Reusable Space Vehicle better than Space Shuttle because it does not launch vertically like a Space Shuttle, but take off horizontally from runway alike planes.

http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-03-08/doc-ifxpwyhv7609331.shtml

人大代表：中国火箭技术可1次发射10多辆特斯拉
人大代表：中国火箭技术可1次发射10多辆特斯拉

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　　原标题：全国人大代表张柏楠、刘志让热议中国航天发展 中国火箭能否赶超“马斯克”？　　

　　连日来，关于“太空探索”的讨论从航天科技领域蔓延到普通人的生活中。今年2月6日，带着一辆红色特斯拉电动跑车，世界现役最强大重型运载火箭“猎鹰重型”从美国佛罗里达州升空，飞向遥远的火星。这是一款可重复使用的运载火箭，来自马斯克创立的美国私企SpaceX。反观我国，是否也具备了火箭可供重复使用的技术？未来是否也会有民间资本参与航天研究？两位全国人大代表对此发表了见解。

　　昨天，全国人大代表、中国航天科技集团公司第五研究院载人空间站工程载人飞船系统总设计师、光学舱系统总设计师张柏楠在接受记者采访时表示，在SpaceX公司的“太空探索”中，最引人注目的是“可重复使用技术”。这项技术的发展，可有效降低运载火箭成本，虽然技术已经突破，但尚未成熟。而中国的一次性运载火箭，价格较为低廉，若能持续在“可重复使用技术”研发上投入精力和人才，将有赶超他的潜力。反之，等到国外相关技术趋于成熟，我国在航天领域将会面临威胁。

　　降成本是民用航天市场发展关键

　　北青报：如何看马斯克的“太空探索”？

　　张柏楠：第一，载人航天未来走向民用化、商业化，是一个大的发展趋势，这也是我们期望的。第二，目前，载人航天技术本身的发展趋于成熟，不像早期的风险比较大，带来的商业效益比较小，（那时）商业投资的风险还是比较大的。目前正处于转换期，不好说它一定很赚钱，但正因为如此，才有很多企业进入这个市场。第三，客观来说，如果要走商业航天的道路，最根本的还是要降低运营成本，提高运营效率。降低了成本，民用载人航天的市场一定会起来。这也是马斯克可重复使用火箭、可重复使用飞船这项技术获得关注的原因。当然，我们国家现在也开始进行类似的探索。

　　北青报：这样的太空探索，是否会威胁中国航天领域的发展？

　　张柏楠：这种太空探索的影响，主要在于其运载火箭的可重复使用技术。这项技术还是比较有颠覆性的，可以大幅降低成本。但我认为，这项技术还处于初级阶段。第一，火箭不是所有的都回收，因为回收要受气候等多重因素的影响，所以说，这项技术还不是很成熟。第二，这项技术在使用时风险还比较大，虽然有成功回收的案例，但实现成功回收的次数不是很多，而且成功回收之后，再使用的次数也非常少。所以我认为，这项技术是未来发展方向，但目前还处于可靠性积累阶段。

　　民间和商业资本进入航天是好事

　　北青报：可重复使用技术意味着什么？

　　张柏楠：可重复使用技术，有降低运载火箭成本的潜力，但目前还不成熟，效益尚未发挥。需要说明的是，马斯克的运载火箭得到了美国政府、NASA的技术和经费的大力支持，相对来说，中国的一次性运载火箭，天生具有价格较为低廉的优势，如果国家给予足够的重视和支持，我们有信心赶上美国等国家的先进水平。否则，等到国外技术趋于成熟，届时将会面临威胁。

　　北青报：当前航天科技产业对于民间资本的态度如何？

　　张柏楠：民间和商业资本进入航天，对航天事业的发展是好事。航天本身就有很多领域是商业运行的，比如商业通信卫星。随着市场的需求和技术的进步，更多的领域也具备市场开发潜力，例如遥感。

　　中国航天科技集团有限公司、中国空间技术研究院响应国家号召，顺应市场需求，自主启动了具有国际先进水平的商业遥感卫星系统和全球移动宽带卫星互联网系统研制，为国民经济建设、为“一带一路”建设、为开拓国际市场、为建设航天强国作出应有的贡献。商业遥感卫星已经发射4颗，可提供0.5米分辨率的高分辨率图像。全球移动宽带卫星互联网系统，可以为城市、乡村、野外、沙漠、海洋、高山任何位置的移动终端和商业手机，提供宽带通信和互联网接入服务。

计划2022年前后建成中国空间站
　　北青报：我国载人航天目前的最新研究成果是什么？

　　张柏楠：空间实验室阶段已经圆满收官。空间站研制正在按计划进行，计划2022年前后，建成中国的空间站。

　　北青报：如何回应外界关心的中国登月计划？

　　张柏楠：载人宇宙探索是载人航天重要的发展方向和领域，也是人类未来的发展方向。国家非常重视，持续关注，并支持开展了前期研究。载人登月应当作为我们近期的目标，很多技术条件已经具备，一些前期工作已经开展，如果能够得到足够的支持，我们有信心早日实现中国人载人登月的梦想。

　　北青报：我国载人航天技术，与国外相比如何？

　　张柏楠：从1992年进入载人航天领域到现在，一个切身感受是，我们同国外比起来，从原先的“跟跑”状态，逐步变成了现在的“并跑”。那时候主要看外国做什么，我们跟着做什么，遇到一个问题，很少有人能帮着解决，包括一些原材料等，都很匮乏。但近些年明显不一样了，我们现在做的事，很多都是跟国外一样的。与航天相关的科技，发展得也很迅速，中国教育的发展也给中国的科技创新培养了很好的人才基础。

　　相信未来几年，我们的很多航天领域会从“跟跑”转为“并跑”，飞船领域也会实现与世界同步，新一代飞船能力和指标将会达到甚至超过国际先进水平，为建设航天强国作出我们的贡献。

中国的载人航天已经在转向应用
　　北青报：航天科技人才的培养，目前面临怎样的挑战和机遇？

　　张柏楠：挑战还是挺大的。改革开放刚开始时，国家提倡创新，航天作为高新产业，吸引了一大批对航天事业有向往的年轻人投身其中，进行创新。但随着社会的多元化发展，各行各业都能搞创新，相对来讲，航天不再“一枝独秀”，不像以前的吸引力那么大了。另外，航天逐渐在转向商业化，不仅是传统国企，包括一些商业公司、大学都在搞航天研究，所以相互之间争夺人才资源的竞争加剧了。

　　当然，我们主要还是靠事业吸引人，靠事业留住人，作为航天事业的主力军，欢迎有志为中国航天事业贡献力量的年轻人来中国航天科技集团有限公司，来中国空间技术研究院工作，这里有最广阔的舞台。

　　北青报：此前，杨利伟在接受媒体采访时透露，第三批航天员选拔已经开始，或将从大学生中选拔，且学历要求将提高至研究生。挑选航天员的条件，为何会出现这种变化？

　　张柏楠：这实际上透露出一个方向：中国的载人航天，实际上已经在转向应用，而不仅仅是实验。初期实验阶段，都是以航天驾驶员为主，有很多都是空军飞行员出身。

　　之前我提到，计划2022年前后，建成中国的空间站。建成空间站什么概念？它相当于国家的太空实验室。实验室里不仅仅是职业航天员的工作了，所以需要很多很专业的人才，一类是跟具体实验项目相关的科学家，到太空直接进行相关实验；还有一部分人是工程师，主要从我们这样的造飞船、造空间站的人中选取，负责空间站的修理、维护工作。我相信，将来还会有第四类航天员，也就是“太空游客”登上空间站。不过，具体要根据将来的运营规划来考虑。

　　我国技术可一次发射十多辆特斯拉

　　全国人大代表、中国航天科技集团有限公司第六研究院院长刘志让和火箭打了几十年交道。今年2月，美国的马斯克用运载火箭将一辆特斯拉汽车送上了太空，刘志让也一直密切关注着这条新闻，“特斯拉的这一举动，让世界航天界都感受到了紧迫感，虽然我们中国现有的火箭技术，可以一次将10多辆特斯拉送入太空，但是作为中国航天人，我们也要向他学习创新的精神。”刘志让说。

　　希望我国重型火箭尽快立项

　　北青报：您这次带来的议案是什么？

　　刘志让：我这次带来的议案，主要是希望国家对以重型运载火箭为代表的新型动力研发给予支持。因为重型运载火箭是航天强国的重要支撑，也是大规模利用空间资源的基础，开展深空探测的前提。只有尽快立项并研制重型火箭，在2030年实现首飞，才能支撑我国在进入空间能力大幅提升、开展载人登月和载人登火等航天强国硬指标的实现，支撑我国在2030年进入世界航天强国前列，2045年全面建成航天强国。

　　北青报：您所指的重型运载火箭是什么？

　　刘志让：就是希望能够加快480吨液氧煤油发动机（即重型一级发动机），220吨氢氧发动机（即重型二级发动机），以及重型三级发动机25吨氢氧发动机的研制工作。在2028年前完成全部发动机的研制工作，助推2030年重型运载火箭的首飞。如果立项成功，预计2020年前具备整机试车条件，2025年进入试样阶段。

　　北青报：那这种重型运载火箭能够运送多少货物呢？

　　刘志让：我国现役最大火箭长征5号的近地运载能力是25吨，如果以一辆特斯拉汽车为2吨计算，一次可以运送10多辆特斯拉上太空，而重型运载火箭的近地运载能力是140吨，月球转移能力是50吨，那个时候，我们送几十辆特斯拉上去都是没有问题的。

　　回收火箭要考虑费效比问题

　　北青报：我们注意到，马斯克除了将汽车送入太空之外，还进行了多次火箭中央助推器的回收实验，很多网友称其为“黑科技”，我国现在有类似的研究吗？

　　刘志让：说个玩笑话，我们现在还没有时间和精力去专门研究火箭助推器回收的工作，我们主要考虑的是回收火箭是不是有最佳的费效比，因为这其中也存在风险性、可靠性低等因素，在经济上是不是划算现在难以计算。在这里我还要提一点，那就是我们国家的火箭是非常安全的，在全球现役的火箭中，我们的故障率是最低的。

　　北青报：那咱们现在掌握火箭回收的技术吗？

　　刘志让：我们其实也是有一定技术储备的，火箭回收有诸多的技术要求，包括要考虑回收后的维护、检测、更换等工作。我们现在的计划是在重复使用运载火箭发动机方面，基于现役及新一代运载火箭体系，开展发动机重复使用技术改进研究，2025年前后实现落区可控回收、部分重复使用等目标。基于新研制火箭构型，开展重复使用液氧、烃类发动机研究，2030年实现完全重复使用两级运输系统的工程应用。

　　计划建无人值守月球科研站

　　北青报：我国探月工程近几年会有什么计划？

　　刘志让：我国现在已经拥有了新一代运载火箭长征5号，但是在去年进行的长征5号遥二火箭发射中出现了飞行失利，我们现在经过分析，已经查明了原因，是两台芯一级液氢液氧发动机其中的一台出现了偏差，现在故障已经归零，今年年底就将恢复发射。长征5号恢复发射后，很快就将发射新的嫦娥探月卫星，届时将实现“绕落回”中的“回”这个步骤。

　　北青报：我国在探月方面有什么中长期计划？

　　刘志让：探月方面，我们的任务目标是在月球极区建成“月球科研站”。2021年至2030年共规划了4次任务，计划2030年前建成无人值守月球科研站。航天六院的多款发动机及多型姿控发动机将支撑着陆器、环月器、中继星、飞跃探测器、推进舱等多型空间飞行器。

　　北青报：在火星探测方面我们有什么计划？

　　刘志让：在深空探测方面，国家计划在2020年左右进行首次火星探测任务，实现“绕飞、着陆、巡视”，2030年前开展火星取样返回任务。

　　北青报：我国的空间站发射现在有何新进展或新计划？

　　刘志让：我国将在2022年前后建成中国人的第一个空间站，目前研制进展顺利。我国的空间站完全建成后，是一个大的组合体，总重量接近100吨，在轨运行10年以上，届时我国将成为第三个拥有空间站的国家。未来我们将首先发射核心舱，核心舱入轨后，完成平台测试及相关任务支持技术验证，之后分别发射实验舱Ⅰ和实验舱Ⅱ，与核心舱对接，组合形成空间站。空间站在轨运行期间，由载人飞船提供乘员运输，由货运飞船提供补给支持。空间站全套动力系统共有各种发动机102台套，全部由航天六院研制。



http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2017-09-05/doc-ifykpysa3424426.shtml

中国打造新型航天器可重复使用 航天技术或将超美
2017年09月05日 16:03 新浪军事





新浪扶翼 行业专区
　　新浪军事编者：为了更好的为读者呈现多样军事内容，满足读者不同阅读需求，共同探讨国内国际战略动态，新浪军事独家推出《深度军情》版块，深度解读军事新闻背后的隐藏态势，立体呈现中国面临的复杂军事战略环境，欢迎关注。

　　现代航天技术已相当发达，却始终为一个问题成困扰，那就是：成本，高昂的费力阻挡着航天领域的进步，那么解决降低成本自然也成了关键性的问题。如今美国正在进行运载火箭重复使用的项目，以求减少采用成本，可惜从实际效果看，失败率过高，成本没有便宜什么。

　　航天飞机


　　中国不会落后于人，也在推进自已的项目。上世纪时，中国启动载人航天计划时，选择了宇宙飞船方案，发展为：神舟系列飞船，其实也已探索航天飞机技术问题。2007年时，中国曝光了一款名为“神龙”的试验机，它的个头不大，大约高1米、长5到6米，体型约为美国X-37B的三分之一，大长径比机身配合宽大的主翼，当时由轰-6轰炸机挂载，显然为技术验证机模型。

　　神龙”的试验机


　　如今已过去10年了，那么技术更应进步了！也意外的发现，从目前掌握的情况，中国在航天领域再次挑战一最高难项目：空天飞机，又称：航空航天飞机，一款可以自由地往返天地之间的航天运输工具。这时我们发现，美国的类似项目实际只剩下图纸了，实际尚处于技术验证和工程理念研究，也没造好正式的原型机，距离应用尚有相当远。俄罗斯只是想法，却没有具体项目。

　　我们的计划


　　据媒体报道，中国正在推进所谓“重复使用”的项目，经过三步走的方式，来实际低成本的航天发展。首先。火箭动力部分可以重复使用，实现类似于航天飞机的方式，制造一个空中发射平台，驮载航天发射，其次，进行火箭动力部分可以重复使用，在前者的基础上，驮载可重复使用的空天飞机，最后，为组合动力飞行器，一种集成涡轮发动机、冲压发动机、火箭发动机等多种动力的飞行器。

　　空天飞机的模型


　　所谓组合动力飞行器，不用火箭来发射，可以像普通飞机一样水平起飞，这时使用航空涡轮发动机，升空之后，逐步加速，达到一定速度后，使用冲压发动机，实现高超音速，继续加速与上升，到达临近太空的高度后，使用火箭发动机，让飞行速度为12~25倍音速，直接加速进入地球轨道，成为航天飞行器。

　　中国的航天飞机方案


　　中国在公开相关方案时，明确表示：计划用3至5年时间掌握组合动力飞行器相关关键技术，预计在2030年左右实现亚轨道应用和入轨应用。也许这时才能明白啥叫此一时彼一时？以前美国总想封锁中国，连个国际会议也不想让中国参加，如今中国已经悄然试图在航天技术领域超越美国了，我们一旦研发成功，将获得上既可以重复使用，又能大幅降低成本的航天器，从而大大提升中国航天的国际竞争力，对美俄构成绝对的优势。（作者署名：浴火）

 

[Tony Tan]

http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-03-08/doc-ifxpwyhv9412950.shtml

中国这款新武器令美高官惊呼无法应对：只能用核武
中国这款新武器令美高官惊呼无法应对：只能用核武

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　　[观察者网综合报道]

　　今年2月，特朗普任命迈克尔·格里芬担任五角大楼负责科研工作的副部长。在本周二（3月6日），在就职10天后，他首次发表公开讲话时，表示“（五角大楼支持的科研项目）必须有个第一（优先），而高超声速就是我的第一。”在讲话中他明确声称，中国的高超声速武器将足以威慑美国的航母和前沿部队，但美国没有应对的手段，因此如果与中国发生冲突，只能选择“认怂”或使用核武器。他表示：“我担任这个职务，不是为了和对手恢复平衡，我希望让对手举手投降，让他们重新感受到无法超越我们的忧惧。”这番话是美国国防部迄今为止最明确的，与中国展开“高超声速竞赛”的宣言。

　　高超声速武器作战想象图

　　五角大楼新任负责科研的副部长迈克尔·格里芬，被特朗普“点将”出任这一职务，显然是要在科研领域掀起一场“不顾一切的前进”的风潮

　　说起这位2月底走马上任的美国防部副部长，他的故事颇为精彩。这次担任五角大楼“科研掌门人”并非格里芬第一次出任政府要职，事实上，这位出生于1949年的“老将”曾在小布什任内担任美国国家航空航天局（NASA）局长，他在担任这一职务期间，下令恢复了航天飞机的飞行，利用航天飞机最后的几次发射，完成了国际空间站的建设工作；此外他还在2007年表示，要推动美国在20年内载人登陆火星的计划。不过这位醉心于加速航天技术发展的NASA局长显然不符合奥巴马总统的口味，尽管格里芬曾希望能留任NASA局长一职，但最终迫于形势，在2009年奥巴马就职当天辞职离任。他在担任NASA局长期间说过一句名言：“15到20年前，我们就应该登上火星了，但结果却继续在近地轨道上没完没了地绕来绕去。”从客观角度而言，冷战结束后西方国家里有这番见识，又能走到如此高位的科研行政官僚已经很少见了。

　　不用说，对于特朗普而言，任命这样一位官员担任五角大楼负责科研的副部长表示了他与奥巴马时期政策“一刀两断”的态度。而格里芬也不负所望，就职后首次公开演讲中，就大放“嘴炮”。

　　美国《防务周刊》杂志报道称，格里芬在演讲中表示：“对于那些偏爱其他技术项目，认为其应该优先的人，我表示遗憾；虽然不是说我不同意他们的意见。但是必须有个第一优先的项目，而高超声速就是我的第一。”

　　五角大楼的爱……

　　2014年一声巨响，美国技术上最成熟的“先进高超声速武器”（AHW）原地爆炸，将科迪亚克试验场炸的一片狼藉，当时估计修复发射场设施并恢复试验可能需要两年

　　报道称，五角大楼正在寻找高超声速武器攻防的技术手段，相应的新投资项目可能在2020财年预算中出现，格里芬说。

　　“我来干这个工作，不是为了和我们的对手恢复平衡。正如我曾经说过的：‘我要他们举手投降，我要让他们重新感受到无法超越我们的忧惧’。”他说：“任何美国人，或者盟友、合作伙伴，若有不同意见，那我没有时间等你们。”

　　关于高超声速武器的重要战略意义，格里芬如此描述：“当中国可以部署一种战术，或者战区级（战役级）高超声速武器，他们将能威胁我们的航母战斗群，将能威胁我们整个水面舰队，他们将能威胁我们所有前沿部署的力量和陆上部队。如果我们没有能力进行防御，或者至少用同等攻击性武器进行报复的能力，到那时，我们所做的就是只能放任这种形势的存在，也就是受到他们的威胁同时却无法威胁到他们。那时我们唯一的回应只能是要么让局面按照他们的希望发展，要么使用核武器。这对于美国来说是不能接受的形势。”

　　几天前，美国导弹防御局（MDA）局长塞缪尔·格雷夫斯少将表示，中国和俄罗斯正在“研制、发展、试验和交付（高超声速）武器系统”，他表示导弹防御局将把应对高超声速武器作为首要优先项目。

　　中央电视台展示的高超声速飞行器风洞模型

　　而美国参谋长联席会议主席副主席保罗·塞尔瓦上将则表达了对于美国在高超声速技术发展方面落后的担忧，不过他认为，这个“鸿沟”（gap）现在还不到致命的程度。

　　“我们已经失去了高超声速方面的领先地位，”塞尔瓦1月30日时这样说，“但我们还没有输掉‘高超声速竞争’（Hypersoincs fight）。”

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http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/c...rriers-pentagon-official-says/article/2650816



China's hypersonic weapons could sink US aircraft carriers, Pentagon official says
by Jamie McIntyre | Mar 6, 2018, 12:59 PM

China in particular has set itself on a course to become a global power and America's primary adversary, according to Michael Griffin, undersecretary of defense for research and engineering. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
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The era of the American aircraft carrier as the premier embodiment of military might could be ending unless the U.S. develops defenses for the next generation of highly maneuverable, super-fast hypersonic weapons under development by Russia and China, the Pentagon's top weapons researcher said Tuesday.

Michael Griffin, undersecretary of defense for research and engineering, said China is spending billions to develop a non-nuclear version of the weapons that could render U.S. aircraft carriers vulnerable to attack.



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“In round numbers, China has done 20 times as many of hypersonic weapons tests as has the United States over the last decade,” Griffin told the annual McAleese-Credit Suisse Defense Conference.

China in particular, he said, has set itself on a course to become a global power and America’s primary adversary.

“When the Chinese can deploy tactical or regional hypersonic systems, they hold at risk our carrier battle groups. They hold our entire surface fleet at risk. They hold at risk our forward-deployed land-based forces,” Griffin said.

Griffin, who has been on the job less than two weeks, said developing defenses for the hypersonic threat is his No. 1 technical priority for the Pentagon.

“Without our ability to defend and without at least an equal response capability on the offensive side, then what we’ve done is we have allowed a situation to exist where our deployed forces are held at risk. We cannot do the same for them,” Griffin said. “And so our only response is either to let them have their way, or to go nuclear. Well, that should be an unacceptable situation for the United States.”

Hypersonic glide vehicles are unmanned aircraft that travel at more than five times the speed of sound, more than a mile per second, below U.S. missile defenses. They can carry conventional or nuclear weapons and reach anywhere in the world in three hours or less.

“The advantage of hypersonic systems is broadly speaking, irrespective of their range, that they underfly missile defense and they overfly air defense. That’s a niche we haven’t spent much time in recently, and if I had to pick my highest technical priority responding that that, both offensively and defensively, that would be my highest technical priority,” Griffin said.

“If our response is either let them win or go nuclear, that’s a bad place to be. It invites bad behavior on the part of adversaries,” he said.



https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/wo...er-jet-pentagon-united-states-michael-griffin



US naval fleets AT RISK from China’s hypersonic fighter jets – Pentagon official
US naval fleets could be threatened by Chinese hypersonic weapons if they don’t match their tech, experts have warned.

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By Anders Anglesey / Published 8th March 2018
Mysterious 'hypersonic' object spotted in Florida
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“If our response is to let them win or go nuclear, that’s a bad place to be”

Michael Griffin
A senior Pentagon official raised the alarm this week after China announced it was developing a deadly new warplane using the new technology.

Undersecretary of Defence for Research Michael Griffin said the jets "hold at risk our carrier battle groups".

He added: "When the Chinese can deploy tactical or regional hypersonic systems, they hold at risk our carrier battle groups.

LOCKHEED MARTIN

HYPERSONIC: China unveiled their new fighter jet
British & French fighter jets ready for WAR

These dramatic air-to-air images show British and French jets practising their dog-fighting skills in the skies above northern England. State-of-the-art RAF Typhoons and French Air Force (FAF) Mirages took to the air together as part of Exercise Capable Eagle
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SGT Ralph Merry/Crown Copyright
RAF and FAF fighters practise a risky move over northern England

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"They hold our entire surface fleet at risk. They hold at risk our forward deployed land-based forces."

The US is concerned it may not be able to defend against "projectiles" that fly faster than five times the speed of sound.

But, Griffin added it had "allowed a situation to exist where US forces are held at risk".

He added: "If our response is to let them win or go nuclear, that's a bad place to be.

Putin's top guns tear up the skies within SPITTING distance of Pyongyang

Putin's warplanes have been photographed tearing up the skies at the Centralnaya Uglovaya airfield in the Primorye territory in Russia. Near the city of Vladivostok, the fighter jets were just an hour and a half's flight from Pyongyang
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Yuri Smityuk/TASS
A Sukhoi Su-35S multirole fighter aircraft of a fighter aviation regiment performs a training flight at the Centralnaya Uglovaya airfield

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"The advantage of hypersonic systems is, broadly speaking, irrespective of their range, that they underlay missile defence and they overfly air defence.

"That's a niche we haven't spent much time in recently and if I had to pick my highest technical priority, responding that that, both offensively and defensively, that would be my technical priority."

China has also used the tech for passenger jets, officials recently revealed.

A recently-unveiled jet will be able to take passengers to Beijing to New York in just two hours.

The same trip now takes two hours.

 

[Tony Tan]

Horizontal Take Off & Horizontal Landing:

http://slide.mil.news.sina.com.cn/k/slide_8_38692_61582.html#p=1

领先X37B！中国首次公开新型空天飞机发动机亚洲第一
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央视报道称，航天三院目前正在研制一种用于天地往返运输并可重复使用的“空天飞机”，这种“空天飞机”既能够载人、也能把卫星等航天器送到太空。媒体展示的照片有两架“飞机”构成子母机，其中被扛着的“小飞机”和美国的X-37B非常相似。不过专家认为，“小飞机”严格意义上不能叫飞机，实际上是轨道飞行器，需要下面的空天飞机将其送入轨道，它依靠自己的火箭动力变轨，重返地球的方式和X-37B类似。（央广军事）



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3月6日，中央电视台新闻节目在介绍航天科工集团新型航天器工程发展计划时，首次公开承认了其“腾云工程”发展计划，这个计划是继2012年我国611所预研某复用空天飞行器之后，我国第二个空天飞机工程，也是我国在空天飞行器研究的一个重要扩展项目之一，


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包括“神龙”跨大气层飞行器验证工程、“遨天”1号跨大气层飞行器验证项目在内，我国在空天飞行器研究上，实际已经摸摸耕耘二十多年，所谓空天飞机工程事实上是一种可执行航天发射任务，并多次重复使用的新一代天地往返飞行器，目前人类前往太空的手段主要依靠火箭来实现


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火箭运输航天员或者物资载荷上天之后，大部分都被抛弃在太空或烧毁在地球大气层，火箭的一次性使用严重阻碍了人类的航天活动，目前最高级的火箭复用计划也只能复用火箭一级和助推器，这与空天飞机这类高级复用航天器完全不在一个级别上


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所以如何让航天器可以从地面机场起飞上天，然后又能够地面机场水平降落就成为未来空天飞行器的主要发展方向。2011年1月8日，当时的十多家中文媒体同时报道中国“神龙”空天飞机试飞成功。“神龙”是航空某型号重大专项跨大气层飞行器演示样机 （验证机）。


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在此之前，航空和航天是两个不同的技术领域，由飞机和航天飞行器分别在大气层内、外活动，航空运输系统是重复使用的，航天运载系统一般是不能重复使用的。而空天飞机能够达到完全重复使用和大幅度降低航天运输费用的目的。


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除正在发展的空天飞机项目之外，中国的大型火箭发动机也取得长足进步，实际上大推力火箭发动机是未来我国航天发展的基石。据《科技日报》报道，我国的500吨级火箭发动机将会在2018年完成整机生产和测试，在2019年很可能就会进行实验，2025年前即可研发成功交付，


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届时我国3000吨级的火箭将会研发成功，除了用在登月火箭发射上以外，还可以用在我国低轨道地面发射上，3000吨级的火箭低轨道运载能力高达120吨以上，而10米级的直径可以携带数十枚卫星，小型蜂群卫星更是能一次性发射上千，这种大型火箭服役以后，对我国航天无疑是一次巨大的提升


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全球只有3个国家能建造出这种上百吨的大型火箭，目前也只有中美还在服役，俄罗斯120吨载荷的“能源”型火箭已经退役，这种被命名为长征9号的超级火箭是我国赶超世界航天大国的重要装备。大型火箭实际上的意义是非常大的，虽然在发射小型航天器的情况下



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大型火箭在性价比上不如中小型火箭，但大型火箭在发射空间站、大型航天器上的效率远远超过了普通火箭，如国际空间站就是一个长达上百米的巨型设施，总质量更是达到了400吨左右，如果使用普通火箭，至少需要50到60次发射才能组装成功国际空间站，



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但如果使用最大运载能力高达100吨以上的巨型火箭，只需要数次发射就能保证组装成功，我国一旦研发成功长征9号运载火箭，只需要几次发射就能组建起不亚于国际空间站的巨型航天器，甚至有可能建造起千吨级超重型航天器，这对于我国未来的航天无疑是极大的优势。


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但对于我国来说，500吨级发动机不但能用在超重型火箭上，还可以用在普通的火箭上，单台500吨级发动机就能满足15吨左右的低轨道运载能力，而2台发动机即可制造出长征5号级别重型火箭，我国未来在航天发射中会同时采用多种火箭执行作战任务，除了重型的长征9号


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长征5号以外，还有中型的长征2号、3号和7号，此外还有用于迅速发射小型卫星的长征6号、长征11号，这两种火箭不但能用在地面快速发射，甚至还可以用在海面上发射小型卫星，我国已经改造成了一艘半潜船用于海上发射平台



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将会在今年中期进行一次海上发射。按照这种小型火箭的体积来计算，我国甚至可以改造一艘较为老旧的094型核潜艇用于发射火箭，不但在发射上更加隐蔽，作战期间也可以迅速补充卫星。

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在我国新一代的150吨、200吨和500吨级火箭发动机服役以后，我国在航天水平上完全能比得上美俄的水准，甚至可以超过俄罗斯的技术。我国火箭发动机技术近年以来突飞猛进，虽然依旧比不上美俄
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[greedy and cunning]

“When the Chinese can deploy tactical or regional hypersonic systems, they hold at risk our carrier battle groups. They hold our entire surface fleet at risk. They hold at risk our forward-deployed land-based forces,” Griffin said.

why onli the americunt worry ?
what about france germany england holland malaysia indonesia australia ...... ??
tis scum of a self appointed world policeman who destroyed
countries and millions of lives now suffered from self induced phobia of defeat ,
phobia of an imaginary enemy at its door step.

 

[HongKanSeng]

http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2018-03-07/doc-ifxipenp2898975.shtml

美将阿帕奇交给印度生产 张召忠：怕是要摔成飞饼
2018年03月07日 16:07 新浪军事

0
　　印度摔飞机是出了名的，40年摔了1000架，再好的飞机到了印度手里都能以各种奇葩理由摔给你看。

　　印度豹直升机坠毁

　　然而继F-16之后，美国还是把非常先进的“阿帕奇”直升机的机身等结构件交给印度生产，而且印度将成为大名鼎鼎的“阿帕奇”直升机机身唯一的生产商！

　　美军AH-64“阿帕奇”武装直升机

　　如果说F-16比较落后了，美国想甩掉包袱，生产线打包给印度话可以理解。这个“阿帕奇”直升机还是很先进的，而且不只是简单组装，以后所有“阿帕奇”机身，不管是卖给印度的还是给其它国家的，机身这个壳子还有一些零散的结构件都是100%印度制造，印度这次和美国合作长进了不少。

　　网友恶搞的图片

　　印度一直心气很高，在南亚霸道惯了，什么都想和中国比，觉得中国能造的东西印度凭什么不行？莫迪上台以后力推印度制造，花了100多亿美元，把美国F-16 战机最新型号Block 70的生产线买下了，印度塔塔集团和美国洛克希德马丁合作生产，美其名曰“印度制造”，实际上印度就承担一个装配任务，美国才不会让你真学到什么核心技术。

　　印度的F-16生产线

　　这次同样是印度塔塔集团出来和波音合作，两家合伙在印度南部城市海德拉巴建立工厂来生产“阿帕奇”直升机的机身。

　　塔塔集团和波音公司

　　为合资工厂建成剪彩

　　现在工厂已经建成，等工人培训、设备调试都结束，印度就能开始生产“阿帕奇”直升机的机身了，预计在今年就能正式投产，以后欧洲国家还有东亚的日本、韩国甚至美国陆军自己采购的“阿帕奇”都是印度制造。

　　印度航空业劣迹斑斑，美国为啥放心把“阿帕奇”直升机生产线交给印度？

　　阿帕奇生产线

　　首先当然要宰印度这只肥羊一笔。看着俄罗斯这些年在印度坑了不少钱，美国也这个“奸商”怎么会错过大好机会~

　　你印度不是想要技术转移以及“MAKE IN INDIA（印度制造）”吗，这些都不是问题，我跟你印度合资生产，你把怎么造壳子学会就行，这价钱咱们要好好商量商量了。就在2017年，印度大手一挥花了6.5亿美元从美国购买6架阿帕奇直升机，平均一架1亿多美元。

　　印度已经从美国买到了不少“阿帕奇”直升机，但这次机身全部交给印度生产，连美国自己都要用印度货，不担心质量问题吗？

　　这里要注意一个区别，那就是生产机身的是印度塔塔集团，而不是“战功赫赫”，碰谁谁倒霉的印度斯坦航空公司。

　　塔塔集团相对印度斯坦公司靠谱很多，它的汽车业务在全世界都很出名了，同时军工业务也很强：什么无人机、雷达、军用车辆、导弹、电子战系统、防空系统都造过，还和美国贝尔合作制造过贝尔407GX/GT直升机的机身，算是经验丰富了。

　　印度塔塔公司与美国贝尔

　　合作生产的直升机

　　就算塔塔集团生产、组装的零件合格，“阿帕奇”直升机在印度估计也难逃一劫，三哥飞行员的散漫态度那不是吹的。

　　俄罗斯卖给印度的飞机老是坠毁，印度就推卸责任说是俄罗斯飞机“质量堪忧”，把俄罗斯军工产品名声都搞臭了，那美国的C-130J“大力神”运输机摔在印度手里就没话说了吧？

　　这款经典的运输机非常成熟，以性能稳定著称。放别人手里好好地，偏偏印度买了6架回来，训练时候就坠毁一架。

　　C-130J在印度坠毁

　　印度不好把责任推给美国，就甩锅推给中国，印度媒体在那炒作说C-130J坠毁就是因为飞机液晶屏有中国生产的零部件，全都是中国害得。

　　最后派专家去调查，就是飞行员操作失误。这三哥飞行员经常马马虎虎的，训练也不好好训练，操作严重失误，没打仗呢就摔了一架运输机，5名机组人员全部死亡，这锅我们不背。

　　飞行员水平低、训练差是一方面，印度斯坦航空公司也同样功不可没，有寡妇制造者之称，凡是它组装、制造、维修过的飞机，基本都要出事，

　　苏-30MKI坠毁

　　“光辉”战机坠毁

　　印度斯坦航空公司组装2架，大修8架米格-21，其中8架坠毁；大修法国的幻影-2000四架、全部坠毁；还有米格27、苏30MKI等等，维修后意外坠毁率在70%-100%之间，三哥飞行员开这些维修过的飞机都心惊胆战。

　　局座之前在节目里就谈过印度飞机为什么老坠毁：

　　小编自己拆笔记本清理风扇，完事后装回去发现多了一个螺丝，还要找一找是哪里没有装上。这印度飞机维修完，发现多了一大把螺丝也不管，态度很随意，能不出大问题吗？

　　印度这回可算“扬眉吐气”一把，说“阿帕奇”直升机是印度制造，我们就祈祷这款经典直升机在三哥手里别摔成印度“飞饼”吧。

　　免责声明：三哥再摔飞机千万别让战忽局背锅啊~（作者署名：局座召忠）

 

[HongKanSeng]

http://www.livemint.com/Industry/QR...madeinIndia-Apache-helicopters-next-year.html

Boeing to deliver made-in-India Apache helicopters next year
Boeing will make the Apache fuselage at Tata Advanced Systems’ facility Hyderabad which will be ready by end of the year, and will then be taken to the US for fitting
Last Published: Tue, Aug 29 2017. 06 55 AM IST
Tarun Shukla

India bought 22 Apaches and 15 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters worth $3 billion for the Indian Air Force under a government-to-government deal with the US in 2015. File photo: AFP
New Delhi: Boeing Co. will start manufacturing and handing over made in India Apache AH-64E multi-role attack helicopter fuselages from next year, the company said on Monday.

India bought 22 Apaches and 15 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters worth $3 billion for the Indian Air Force (IAF) under a government-to-government deal with the US in 2015.

This month it ordered six additional Apache AH-64E helicopters valued at Rs4,168 crore for the Indian Army.

Boeing will make the helicopter fuselage at Tata Advanced Systems’ Hyderabad facility which will be ready by end of the year and the fuselage will then be taken to the US for fitting before being sent to customers. While the first Apaches for Indian Air Force will be delivered in 2019 and are being built in the US and other places, the Indian Army Apache will be made locally.

“We are ahead of schedule,” said Pratyush Kumar, president of Boeing India, referring to the production with the Tata firm, said at a press briefing in the capital on Monday. Boeing has won contracts worth about $14 billion from India over the past few years, including for the supply of C17 Globemaster transport planes, Harpoon missiles, P-8 anti-submarine warfare jets, Apaches and Chinooks.

In lieu of that, it has an offset obligation to source products and services worth about 30% of the contract value from India. A lot of work being undertaken by Indian firms is the result of this offset, but Boeing stresses that it is here for the long term. Marc Allen, president of Boeing International, told Mint in an interview last month that the firm was casting its “anchor deep into India” and more announcements are likely soon.

The next target for Boeing is to clinch an Indian Navy deal. Boeing’s F-18, French Rafale, Swedish Saab Sea Gripen, Russian MiG-29K are contenders for a proposed $15 billion purchase of 57 fighter aircraft by the Indian Navy. Boeing expects movement on the deal by next year.

“We submitted our RFI (request for information) in May and from what we understand they will evaluate the RFP (request for proposal) by end of this year and perhaps come up with RFP or EOI (expression of interest) sometime early next year,” Boeing’s Kumar said.

Boeing said it has evaluated 400 suppliers who could supply to a F-18 line that could come up in India if it wins the order. The current line in St Louis, US, will not be shut down.

With respect to concerns over whether F-18s will be compatible with Indian aircraft carriers which are mostly of Russian origin, Boeing said simulations had been conducted and it was sure the planes would be able to use the carriers and with a “meaningful” weapons payload.

The actual trials are still some time away.

India was the world’s fifth highest defence spender in 2016 with a total expenditure of $55.9 billion, up 8.5% from the previous year, according to Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.

 

[HongKanSeng]

RSAF dare to buy?

https://www.indiatoday.in/india/sto...a-sign-pact-lockheed-martin-983595-2017-06-19

News
India
F-16 fighter jets will now be made in India, Tatas sign pact with Lockheed Martin
F-16 fighter jets will now be made in India, Tatas sign pact with Lockheed Martin

• Manjeet Singh Negi
• June 19, 2017
• UPDATED 22:10 IST
• Follow
• Email Author

• READ LATER

HIGHLIGHTS

• The announcement comes ahead of PM Modi's US tour
• Indo-US defence collaboration has increased over the years
• India will also be able to export F-16 Block 70 aircraft

Related

• Sukma attack: Meet the IAF bravehearts who flew the mortal remains of the CRPF jawans

F-16 fighter jet (Reuters)


In a major boost to indigenous defence production to become self-reliant in the defence sector, Lockheed Martin today inked an agreement with Tata Advanced Systems to produce F-16 fighter jets in India.

The F-16 Block 70 is ideally suited to meet the Indian Air Force's single-engine fighter needs and this unmatched US-Indian industry partnership directly supports India's initiative to develop private aerospace and defense manufacturing capacity in India.

This F-16 production partnership between the world's largest defense contractor and India's premier industrial house provides India the opportunity to produce, operate and export F-16 Block 70 aircraft, the newest and most advanced version of the world's most successful, combat-proven multi-role fighter.

The announcement comes days before Prime Minister Narendra Modi travels to Washington for a first meeting with US President Donald Trump scheduled for June 26.

India and the United States have built a close defence relationship in recent years with Washington emerging as among the top three arms suppliers to India, along with Russia and Israel.

India will also have the chance to export the F-16 that is flown by air forces around the world, a joint statement issued by the two companies said.

"This unprecedented F-16 production partnership between the world's largest defense contractor and India's premier industrial house provides India the opportunity to produce, operate and export F-16 Block 70 aircraft, the newest and most advanced version of the world's most successful, combat-proven multi-role fighter," the statement said.

F-16 production in India also supports thousands of Lockheed Martin and F-16 supplier jobs in the US, creates new manufacturing jobs in India, and positions Indian industry at the center of the most extensive fighter aircraft supply ecosystem in the world.

"Our partnership significantly strengthens the F-16 'Make in India' offer, creates and maintains numerous new job opportunities in India and the US, and brings the world's most combat-proven multi-role fighter aircraft to India, the statement said.

With more than 4,500 produced and approximately 3,200 operational aircraft worldwide being flown today by 26 countries, the F-16 remains the world's most successful, combat-proven multi-role fighter ever produced. The F-16 Block 70 is the newest and most technologically advanced F-16 ever offered.

Also read:

Lockheed has Make in India plans for F-16 jets, Trump wants to take a 'fresh look'

Also watch:

Sukma attack: Meet the IAF bravehearts who flew the mortal remains of the CRPF jawans

 

[Tony Tan]

http://www.sohu.com/a/225151874_366952

中国在世界上率先突破空天飞机技术 超美国X-37B 成本为火箭1/10
2018-03-08 19:53 中国 /美国

中国此前展示的CC-1空天飞机方案

国内媒体近日报道了一款工业部门在研的空天飞机方案，引发境外媒体集体关注。专家表示，这一技术方案的先进性远远领先于美国目前天地运输系统以及轨道飞行器，但其技术复杂程度也是空前的，现在主要是在初期的技术研发阶段。据《联合报》6日报道称，中国上个月底发射了小型多用途可重复使用空天飞机，随着中国测试这项高超音速飞行器，各国太空飞机竞赛已迈入白热化阶段。文章还称，近日中国首度成功进行了航天飞行器模型试验，试验负责人用“历史性跨越”来形容试验的重要性。

央视报道的中国空天飞机将卫星送入轨道

通过以上报道，可以说明两个问题：一是中国的空天飞机在2月底，也就是春节后进行了第一次飞行，而且取得了成功还创造了新的世界航天历史；二是中国的空天飞机不是美国此前的航天飞机——那是传统火箭运送上天再像传统飞机那样降落的模式，而中国的空天飞机则是从陆地机场滑跑升空，再像传统飞机那样降落——最重要的是可多次重复使用——预计可达20次，而这样的飞行过程不但可大幅降低飞行成本，而且对于航天员和所搭载的航天器来说更安全成本也最低。

升空和返回与普通飞机一样将大幅降低成本

虽然世界上很多国家都在积极开发航天新技术，而且像中国的“腾云工程”可重复使用空天飞机模式一些国家也在规划，但是像中国这样取得快速进展并试验成功的却没有一个，包括俄罗斯、美国和英国都还没做到。而在此前，世界上航天最发达的国家美国，其所使用的X-37B算是最先进的了，而在中国这次空天飞机试验成功后，美国就排到了中国后面。现在等待的是，中国后续的实际发射试验，只有当中国空天飞机实际载人或者搭载太空飞行器发射成功后，才能说中国完成了一种新型发射方式的技术开发。

X-37B不过是一架缩小的航天飞机

当然，中国开发空天飞机，需要突破很多技术瓶颈，这主要是空天飞机第一级所使用的吸气式火箭发动机。在2月底的试验证明中国已经取得了吸气式火箭发动机的技术成功，据称这种火箭在起飞时可将空天飞机加速到超过5马赫，而在与第二级——任务载荷所在的飞行器分离时可最大赋予其以20马赫的速度，之后就会返回地面经过检修后准备执行下一次发射任务。这一技术，比起现在被美国吹得神乎其神的猎鹰9号可回收火箭更先进，成本也更低，据说仅为普通火箭的1/10。

中国空天飞行分三步走在2030年全部实现

分析认为，中国航天近些年取得的成就举世瞩目，特别是在一些关键的领域，中国航天正在加速追赶美国，比如2016年创下22次的航天发射记录以及2018年将进行36次发射任务——这将是新的纪录，因此中国航天的一举一动已受到国外媒体的广泛关注。但大家最关心的是，中国航天计划的在2020年正式试飞空天飞机的计划能否顺利实现，因为这关乎一项世界新技术的诞生。如若这一步实现，那么，在向300～500公里高度的轨道发射航天器时，中国有望率先实现“快速、可靠、廉价”的航天运输新模式。

 

[Shut Up you are Not MM]

https://www.rt.com/op-ed/420803-cohen-nuclear-race-washington-moscow/

How Washington provoked, and perhaps lost, a new nuclear-arms race - Stephen Cohen
Published time: 8 Mar, 2018 16:29
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© Michael Dunning / Getty Images

• 33

Putin declares that the long US attempt to gain nuclear superiority over Russia has failed and hopes Washington will “listen now.”
Stephen F. Cohen, professor emeritus of Russian Studies and Politics at NYU and Princeton, and John Batchelor continue their (usually) weekly discussions of the new US-Russian Cold War. (Previous installments, now in their fourth year, are at TheNation.com.)

Cohen explains that President Putin’s speech to both houses of the Russian parliament on March 1, somewhat akin to the US president’s annual State of the Union address, was composed of two distinct parts. The first approximately two-thirds was pitched to the upcoming Russian presidential election, on March 18, and to domestic concerns of Russian voters, which are not unlike those of American voters: stability, jobs, health care, education, taxes, infrastructures, etc. The latter part of the speech was, however, devoted solely to recent achievements in Russia’s strategic, or nuclear, weapons. These remarks, though also of electoral value, were addressed directly to Washington. Putin’s overarching point was that Russia has thwarted Washington’s two-decade-long effort to gain nuclear superiority over—and thus a survivable first-strike capability against—Russia. His attendant conclusion was that one era in post-Soviet Russian-American strategic relations has ended and a new one has begun. This part of Putin’s speech makes it among the important he has delivered during his 18 years in power. (It is on the ACEWA website eastwestaccord.com.)

Read more
‘Why would we want a world without Russia?’ Putin on Moscow’s nuclear doctrine
The historical background, to which Putin refers repeatedly for his own purposes, is important. Ever since the United States and Soviet Union, the two nuclear superpowers, acquired the ability to deliver transcontinental nuclear warheads against the other, three alternative approaches to this existential reality have informed debates and policy-making: nuclear-weapons abolitionism, which Cohen regards as an essential aspiration but not a realistic one in the foreseeable future; a quest for nuclear superiority, making a devastating first-strike immune to an equally catastrophic retaliation and thus “survivable” and thinkable; and mutual security based on “Mutual Assured Destruction” (MAD) and on the principle of “strategic parity,” which meant both sides should have roughly equal nuclear capabilities and neither should strive for a first-strike superiority.

During the preceding Cold War, by the late 1960s and early 1970s, both Washington and Moscow officially embraced the latter, mutual security approach. MAD, however fearful its reasoning, was accepted as the safest—only rational—approach, along with the need to maintain rough strategic parity. Hence the succession of US-Soviet nuclear arms control treaties, including reductions in arsenals. Nuclear technology continued to develop, making weapons ever more destructive, but MAD and the parity principle contained the technology and kept the nuclear peace despite some near misses. This approach reached its most hopeful apogee in the late 1980s when President Ronald Reagan and the last Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, expanded their understanding of “mutual security.” They agreed that any strategic “build up” by one side would be perceived as a threat by the other, which would then undertake its own reciprocal buildup. They agreed to end this perilous dialectic, which had driven the nuclear-arms race for decades, and indeed in 1987 abolished for the first (and last) time an entire category of nuclear weapons, those borne by intermediate-range missiles. This exceedingly hopeful opportunity, the legacy of Reagan and Gorbachev, was lost almost immediately after the Soviet Union ended in 1991. As Cohen wrote 10 years ago in his book Soviet Fates and Lost Alternatives, “The Cold War ended in Moscow, but not in Washington.”

Beginning in the 1990s, successive US administrations—under Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama—sought de facto nuclear superiority over post-Soviet Russia. Animated by rampant post–Cold War (misconceived) triumphalism and by a perception that Russia was now too weak, demoralized, or supplicant to compete, they did so in three ways: by expanding NATO to Russia’s borders; by funding ever more destructive, “precise,” and “usable” nuclear weapons; and, in 2002, by unilaterally withdrawing from the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. By prohibiting wide deployment of anti–missile defense installments (each side got one exception at home), the treaty had long guaranteed mutual security based on the underlying principles of MAD and parity. Bush’s abolition of the ABM Treaty in effect abolished those principles and signified Washington’s quest for nuclear superiority over Russia. Today, there are scores of deployed American missile-defense installments, which are officially a NATO project as well, around the world, including on land and at sea bordering Russia. From the beginning, Washington maintained, as it does today, that “Our missile defense has never been about Russia,” only about Iran and other “rogue states,” but this has always been a fairy tale believed by no sensible observer and certainly not by Moscow.

Read more
Pentagon ‘disappointed’ by Putin’s revelation of new Russian nuclear deterrent
All of the new Russian nuclear weapons itemized by Putin in his March 1 speech, long in development, have been designed to evade—to thwart and render useless—Washington’s global missile-defense program developed over decades at enormous financial, political, and real security costs. The US political-media establishment has widely dismissed Putin’s claims as a “bluff,”“aggressive,” and “saber-rattling.” But these traits have never characterized Putin’s major policy statements, nor do they this one. If even only a quarter of Putin’s claims for Russia’s new nuclear weapons is true, it means that while Washington heedlessly raced for nuclear superiority and a first-strike capability, Moscow quietly, determinedly raced to develop counter-systems, and—again, assuming Putin’s claims are substantially true—Russia won. From Moscow’s perspective, which in this existential case should also be ours, Russia has regained the strategic parity it lost after the end of the Soviet Union and with it the “mutual security” of MAD.

Putin’s speech, if read carefully, also reveals and raises vital political questions. Cohen identifies and discusses several of them:

§ At one point, Putin remarkably says “we ourselves are to blame” for the dire strategic condition in which Russia found itself in the early 2000s. Presumably he is referring to his own “illusions” about the West, particularly about Washington, to which he has previously alluded, though only cryptically. Presumably he is referring to his own fruitless appeals to “our Western partners” for policies of mutual security instead of NATO expansion and unilateral missile-defense installments, “illusionary” appeals for which he has sometimes been criticized by actual anti-Western forces in Russia’s political-security establishment. As Putin admits, his “Western partners” did not “listen.” This is compelling evidence that Putin himself changed in response to US-NATO policies during his years in power, but also that he is capable of change again given Western initiatives.

§ In the speech, Putin does not comment directly on past or current nuclear-arms races, but he makes clear that another, more dangerous one looms, depending on how Washington reacts to Moscow’s new weapons. Washington can accept the parity, or deterrent, Russia has restored and return to full-scale nuclear-arms negotiations; or it can try again to surpass Moscow’s parity. If the latter, he says, Russia is fully able and ready to compete, again and again, though he makes clear he would prefer instead to commit his remaining years of leadership, legacy, and national resources to Russia’s modernization and prosperity, which he spells out (yet again) in the first two-thirds of his speech. He insists, that is, the new weapons are not for any kind of aggression but solely for Russia’s legitimate military defense and, politically, to bring Washington back to détente-like policies and particularly to nuclear arms negotiations. The Kremlin, he adds, is “ready.”

Read more
Hypersonic nukes & missiles of unlimited range: Newest additions to Russia’s arsenal (VIDEOS)
§ Even having made a compelling and obviously proud presentation of what Russia has unexpectedly achieved, does Putin really believe Washington will “listen now”? He may still have some “illusions,” but we should have none. In recent years, there has been ample evidence that US policy-makers and, equally important, mainstream media commentators do not bother to read what Putin says, or at least not more than snatches from click-bait wire-service reports. Still worse, Putin and “Putin’s Russia” have been so demonized that it is hard to imagine any leading American political figures or editorial commentators responding positively to what is plainly his hope for a new beginning in US-Russian relations. If nothing else, strategic parity always also meant political parity—recognizing that Soviet Russia, like the United States, had legitimate national interests abroad. The years of American vilifying Putin and Russia are essentially an assertion that neither has any such legitimacy. And making matters worse, there are the still unproven allegations of “Russiagate” collusion. Even if President Trump understands, or is made to understand, the new—possibly historic—overture represented by Putin’s speech, would the “Kremlin puppet” allegations made daily against him permit him to seize this opportunity? Indeed, do the promoters of “Russiagate” care?

Viewed still more broadly, Cohen concludes, history has taught that technology sometimes outruns political capacity to control it. Several of Russia’s new nuclear weapons were unforeseen. (If US intelligence was not fully aware of their development prior to Putin’s speech, what were those agencies doing instead?) It is no longer possible to dismiss Russia, again declared to be America’s number-one threat, as anything less than a nuclear superpower fully equal (at least) to the United States. If Washington does not “listen now,” if instead it again strives for superiority, we may reasonably ask: We survived the preceding Cold War, but can we survive this one? Put somewhat differently, is what Putin displayed but also offered on March 1, 2018, our last chance? In any event, he was right: “This is a turning point for the entire world.”

By Stephen F. Cohen

Stephen F. Cohen is a professor emeritus of Russian studies and politics at New York University and Princeton University and a contributing editor of The Nation.

This article was originally published by The Nation.

 

[Shut Up you are Not MM]

The Yankees failed both to make any equivalent hypersonic glider weapon, as well as find any effective counter measure against Chinese hypersonic.

The US Navy fleets of surface warships are all exposed to Chinese attacks, especially carriers, and be sunk by PLA, globally. No more place to hide!

The US can only either give up and surrender or up the stake to nuke China after their fleets are sunk by PLA. But nuke does not mean USA got any advantage in the arena of nuke at all. PLA rocket army nukes are newer and better than USA's and China is not as fragile as USA and can survive better than USA after they cross-nuke each other out.

 

[tanwahtiu]

Fuck you tony chat. Spill yr nonsense again 多嘴。

Communist chinks are the greatest traitors of the chink race. Can lend their help to the North Koreans but will be brutal towards same chink race people. Ptui! The rot started from Mao Zedong who colluded with the Japanese to kill the native chinks. And the Mao-descendant members of this forum continues the stench here! WTF!

 

[tanwahtiu]

Great reply. Now Chinese turns to call American gunboats Junk.

What a sweet revenge to fuck Pommies call them junk, uncouth, Iil mannered and bankrupt beggar white trash.

The Yankees failed both to make any equivalent hypersonic glider weapon, as well as find any effective counter measure against Chinese hypersonic.

The US Navy fleets of surface warships are all exposed to Chinese attacks, especially carriers, and be sunk by PLA, globally. No more place to hide!

The US can only either give up and surrender or up the stake to nuke China after their fleets are sunk by PLA. But nuke does not mean USA got any advantage in the arena of nuke at all. PLA rocket army nukes are newer and better than USA's and China is not as fragile as USA and can survive better than USA after they cross-nuke each other out.

 

[tanwahtiu]

You are a single and shitskin Sinkie.

My wife and daughter will be at the port to give us a heroes' welcome with flags and applause when we return victorious.

I will share our deeds of valour over cigars and whiskey after dinner at the country club.

 

[KuanTi01]

Taiwan has always been part of mainland China and the sooner China unifies it whether peacefully or by force, the better! Then the USA has 1 less lever to play with.