The chart below illustrates the different types of noncount nouns. Remember that these categories include
other nouns that are
count. For example, lightning, a natural event [one of the categories], is noncount, but hurricane, a different natural event, is a
count noun. When you don't know what type of noun you have, consult a dictionary that provides such information.
<table> <tbody><tr> <td class="top">Category</td> <td class="top">Examples</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
Abstractions</td> <td class="left">advice, courage, enjoyment, fun, help, honesty, information, intelligence, knowledge, patience, etc.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
Activities</td> <td class="left">chess, homework, housework, music, reading, singing, sleeping, soccer, tennis, work, etc.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
Food</td> <td class="left">beef, bread, butter, fish, macaroni, meat, popcorn, pork, poultry, toast, etc.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
Gases</td> <td class="left">air, exhaust, helium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, pollution, smog, smoke, steam, etc.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
Groups of Similar Items</td> <td class="left">baggage, clothing, furniture, hardware, luggage, equipment, mail, money, software, vocabulary, etc.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
Liquids</td> <td class="left">blood, coffee, gasoline, milk, oil, soup, syrup, tea, water, wine, etc.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
Natural Events</td> <td class="left">electricity, gravity, heat, humidity, moonlight, rain, snow, sunshine, thunder, weather, etc.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
Materials</td> <td class="left">aluminum, asphalt, chalk, cloth, concrete, cotton, glue, lumber, wood, wool, etc.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
Particles or Grains</td> <td class="left">corn, dirt, dust, flour, hair, pepper, rice, salt, sugar, wheat, etc.</td> </tr> </tbody></table>
Thunder, a noncount noun, cannot have an s added at the end. You can, however, lie awake in bed counting the number of times you hear thunder boom during a storm.
When you want to indicate
number with a noncount word, you have two options. First, you can put of in front of the noncount word and then attach the resulting
prepositional phrase to an appropriate count word. For example, you can write that you heard seven claps of thunder.
A second option is to make the noncount noun an
adjective that you place
before a
count noun. Then you could write a sentence like this:
Thunderheads filled the sky.
Here are some more examples:
<table> <tbody><tr> <td class="top">Noncount Noun</td> <td class="top">Countable Version</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
advice</td> <td class="left">pieces of advice</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
homework</td> <td class="left">homework assignments</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
bread</td> <td class="left">loaves of bread, slices of bread</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
smoke</td> <td class="left">puffs of smoke, plumes of smoke</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
software</td> <td class="left">software applications</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
wine</td> <td class="left">bottles of wine, glasses of wine</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
snow</td> <td class="left">snow storms, snow flakes, snow drifts</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
cloth</td> <td class="left">bolts of cloth, yards of cloth</td> </tr> <tr> <td>
dirt</td> <td class="left">piles of dirt, truckloads of dirt</td> </tr> </tbody></table>
Sometimes a word that means one thing as a noncount noun has a slightly different meaning if it also has a countable version. Remember, then, that the classifications
count and
noncount are not absolute.
Time is a good example. When you use this word to mean the unceasing flow of experience that includes past, present, and future, with no distinct beginning or end, then time is a noncount noun. Read this example:
Time dragged as Simon sat through yet another boring chick flick with his girlfriend Roseanne.
Time = noncount because it has no specific beginning and, for poor Simon, no foreseeable end.
When time refers to a specific experience which starts at a certain moment and ends after a number of countable units [minutes, hours, days, etc.], then the noun is
count. Here is an example:
On his last to Disney World, Joe rode Space Mountain twenty-seven times.
Times = count because a ride on Space Mountain is a measurable unit of experience, one that you can clock with a stopwatch.