No lah. She's not a bad woman, but her suitability and capability seem not to be into politics.do you mean bad “women”?
No lah. She's not a bad woman, but her suitability and capability seem not to be into politics.do you mean bad “women”?
the i-girder frame (if constructed properly with lattice bracing) should last longer than any brick wall. most likely steel frame is either flawed structurally or not jointed (bolted and welded) and braced correctly. plus, the foundation has no giant shock absorbers nor springs.I think the brick walls are not fully constructed yet. Mostly the steel structures were to be seen. Without brick wall reinforcements, the steel structures will sway and crumple at the slightest ground movement.
This is slightly out of context. Steel lattices are meant to be the final product. However, I see that those steel structures in that uncompleted building are meant to be further reinforced later with brick walls (as should most other building walls) which have yet to be done as it is still building-in-progress.the i-girder frame (if constructed properly with lattice bracing) should last longer than any brick wall. most likely steel frame is either flawed structurally or not jointed (bolted and welded) and braced correctly.
https://www.aisc.org/globalassets/n...ridge-design-handbook/b913_sbdh_chapter13.pdf
brick walls are the worst for earthquakes as they are brittle and cemented together like a house of cards. the i-girder frame goes up first and can support tons of steel and concrete flooring and pre-fab wall panels (not bricks). flooring and wall panels have steel rebars meshed in them but these meshes within concrete or stucco do not brace much in a skyscraper structure. they are dependent on the i-girder frame to hold everything together as the lattice frame can sway and tilt with wind loading and other adverse environmental conditions. without shock absorbers and spring loaded support at the foundation the massive i-girder frame may still collapse as the magnitude of ground in motion or seismic waves can cause joints (bolting and welding) to break. more condos and office buildings in the region are sexpected to collapse in future 6.9 earthquakes if authorities don’t address flexible solutions at the foundational level.This is slightly out of context. Steel lattices are meant to be the final product. However, I see that those steel structures in that uncompleted building are meant to be further reinforced later with brick walls (as should most other building walls) which have yet to be done as it is still building-in-progress.
Yes, brick walls are not the best to withstand earthquakes. However, verticle steel girders alone are even worse. They definitely need to be reinforced. That is also why the steel girders inside those MRT silos supporting the MRT viaducts are further reinforced with special extra-strength concrete. Steel girders can maintain their strength in horizontal installations, but not in vertical installations without reinforcements. Which is why you see many of the road bridges and flyovers in Japan and Taiwan have horizontal steel girders running beneath them, but will still be supported with concrete reinforced steel silos at intersections.brick walls are the worst for earthquakes as they are brittle and cemented together like a house of cards. the i-girder frame goes up first and can support tons of steel and concrete flooring and pre-fab wall panels (not bricks). flooring and wall panels have steel rebars meshed in them but these meshes within concrete or stucco do not brace much in a skyscraper structure. they are dependent on the i-girder frame to hold everything together as the lattice frame can sway and tilt with wind loading and other adverse environmental conditions. without shock absorbers and spring loaded support at the foundation the massive i-girder frame may still collapse as the magnitude of ground in motion or seismic waves can cause joints (bolting and welding) to break. more condos and office buildings in the region are sexpected to collapse in future 6.9 earthquakes if authorities don’t address flexible solutions at the foundational level.
Those are for dampening and shock absorption. I agree that they are helpful in maintaining the building structures during an earthquake. Just like in the Taipei 101 building, there is a large steel ball suspended by steel cables and controlled hydraulic cylinders at its topmost levels. Designed by the Japanese, this large steel ball will sway in opposite direction to the building during an earthquake movement, thus compensating and countering the tilt and will help in preventing the eventual collapse of the whole building. I had went up there to see this large steel ball myself, but how it actually works, I don't know.civil engineers in earthquake prone cities are very familiar with spring loaded braces and shock absorbers underneath massive buildings and skyscrapers. those who are not prepared for earthquakes should prepare to die ingloriously and tragically.
View attachment 217149
View attachment 217150
View attachment 217151
View attachment 217152
View attachment 217153
View attachment 217154
for major viaducts and flyovers the reinforced concrete is there to encase the steel girders to prevent corrosion, unsightliness and provide space for other needs such as roadways and conduits. it’s triple purpose but strength is not one of them as it adds tremendous weight on the steel frame. in the suspension bridge at lisbon, the steel lattices of the whole bridge are built entirely without concrete to reduce its weight and allow horizontal swaying and vertical movement along its entire span.Yes, brick walls are not the best to withstand earthquakes. However, steel girdles alone are even worse. They definitely need to be reinforced. That is also why the steel girdles inside those MRT silos supporting the MRT viaducts are further reinforced with special extra-strength concrete. Steel girdles can maintain their strength in horizontal installations, but not in vertical installations without reinforcements. Which is why you see many of the road bridges and flyovers in Japan and Taiwan have horizontal steel girdles running beneath them, but will still be supported with concrete reinforced steel silos at intersections.
To make buildings in Singapore to be 100% earthquake proof is going to be too costly, at least for now. There has to be a balance because Sinkies are already complaining of high housing costs and by doing so, it may add another 20% to the present costs. After all, I don't think a catastrophic earthquake disaster is going to happen to Singapore for the next 50 years at least.
The fact that these are not natural and not part of the nature. Nature is beautiful, not ugly that takes life away. Only the evil ones love tragedies and the silly ones think these are done by the creatorgoes to show that nature is still king......can happen to anyone and any country
take it easy and dont be angry over small little shit....life is pretty unpredictable
you can bet on the sexpertise of jap, kiwi, and californicating structural engineers as they understand earthquakes very well over hundreds of years of sexperience piled on them. as for sinkie buildings (unless they are designed by these 3 nationalities of civil engineers and architects) i don’t know. a 6.9 earthquake will prove which one stands and which collapses. sad day to find out though.Those are for dampening and shock absorption. I agree that they are helpful in maintaining the building structures during an earthquake. Just like in the Taipei 101 building, there is a large steel ball supported by cables at its topmost level. Designed by the Japanese, this large steel ball will sway in opposite direction to the building during an earthquake movement, thus compensating and countering the tilt and will help in preventing the eventual collapse of the whole building. I had went up there to see this large steel ball myself.
What I mean concrete reinforcement is for the vertical silos supporting the horizontal steel girders. They don't add extra weight to the structure.for major viaducts and flyovers the reinforced concrete is there to encase the steel girders to prevent corrosion, unsightliness and provide space for other needs such as roadways and conduits. it’s triple purpose but strength is not one of them as it adds tremendous weight on the steel frame. in the suspension bridge at lisbon, the steel lattices of the whole bridge are built entirely without concrete to reduce its weight and allow horizontal swaying and vertical movement along its entire span.
oh ok. yes, if the columns are well rebarred inside the concrete, they add reinforcement to steel girders. steel girders can still twist and break in hurricane or typhoon 5 winds even though they are braced. i’ve seen latticed towers twisted like a pretzel in a hurricane 5 disaster. the hexagonally braced steel tube tower at taimoshan in hk can withstand a typhoon 6.9. an octagon frame will be stronger.What I mean concrete reinforcement is for the vertical silos supporting the horizontal steel girders.
Agree with you on this, but there has to be a balance between cost versus safety. For example, you don't want to drive around in an armour vehicle although it is guaranteed to be a super safe vehicle during a collision.you can bet on the sexpertise of jap, kiwi, and californicating structural engineers as they understand earthquakes very well over hundreds of years of sexperience piled on them. as for sinkie buildings (unless they are designed by these 3 nationalities of civil engineers and architects) i don’t know. a 6.9 earthquake will prove which one stands and which collapses. sad day to find out though.
never see anything shaking leh..............cameraman's footage also very steady leh.....................maybe demolition lah ?
in sg i would love to. plus a cannon to blast any ah beng car parked in the wrong spot, especially along a solid white line in a narrow street.Agree with you on this, but there has to be a balance between cost versus safety. For example, you don't want to drive around in an armour vehicle although it is guaranteed to be a super safe vehicle during a collision.
So, like that how now?
The Only Building to Collapse in Bangkok’s Earthquake Was Built by China; Its Tofu-Dregs Harm All