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http://www.businesstimes.com.sg/sub/news/story/0,4574,419036,00.html?
Published December 25, 2010
Critical issues arise as MBS sues to recover gambling debt
As casino seeks to enforce collection of $250K gambling debt, focus will be on definition of 'premium player' and law that discourages lending to Singaporean gamblers
By GRACE LEONG
THE first lawsuit brought by a casino in Singapore to collect gambling debts has raised several issues - from who is a 'premium player' to a focus on the legislation that discourages extension of credit to Singaporean gamblers.
A lawsuit filed in the Singapore High Court by Marina Bay Sands (MBS) against a Singaporean to enforce collection of a $250,000 gambling debt has triggered questions relating to credit extended by the casino and restrictions under Singapore's Casino Control Act and its subsidiary legislation.
Under Section 108(7) of the Casino Control Act, casinos can extend credit only to non-Singaporeans and 'premium players'. Under the Casino Control (Credit) Regulations 2010, a casino patron who is a Singaporean qualifies as a 'premium player' when he or she has at least $100,000 in a deposit account with the casino before the commencement of play.
$250,000 casino chips
In its lawsuit, MBS maintains the gambler had deposited $100,000 cash to qualify as a premium player and would not have been able to obtain $250,000 worth of casino chips without a credit agreement with the casino.
But Lester Ong Boon Lin, 31, claims the loan is unenforceable for several reasons.
He claims he had withdrawn his $100,000 deposit to buy gambling chips before the casino extended credit to him. And because he was allegedly no longer a premium player when credit was extended to him, the marker - or casino debt evidenced by a credit instrument - is deemed null and void under the Civil Law Act, he alleges in court documents.
In addition, Mr Ong's lawyer Sunil Singh Panoo of Dhillon & Partners contends the casino is deemed a moneylender because it had allegedly extended credit to a non-premium member. But because the casino isn't a licensed moneylender, the marker is therefore unenforceable under the Moneylenders Act.
But MBS disagreed, claiming Mr Ong never denied owing the money and even made various proposals for repayment. MBS said in court papers it took legal action after Mr Ong's cheque bounced and he refused to repay the loan. The gaming industry is now watching to see how the term 'premium player' will be interpreted by Singapore courts for the first time since the Casino Control Act was passed into law in 2006 to regulate casino gambling in Singapore.
'The consequences of MBS extending credit to Ong will depend on whether Ong succeeds in his argument that at the time credit was extended to him, he was no longer a premium player as defined in the Act,' said Lau Kok Keng, head of Rajah & Tann LLP's Intellectual Property, Sports & Gaming Practice.
Section 108, which is legislation aimed at restricting credit extension to gamblers at local casinos, reflects the particular concern that the Singapore government had about the harmful social effects of gambling on credit, Mr Lau said.
Licensed casino operators are prohibited from extending credit to gamblers who are Singapore citizens or permanent residents unless they are 'premium players'.
At what point does the patron cease being a premium player, asked Eugene Tan, assistant professor of law at Singapore Management University.
'Does the deposit and immediate withdrawal of the deposit by a patron to buy chips - leading to the patron's account balance being less than $100,000 - result in the patron automatically not being a premium player?' he asked.
If so, the casinos will have to review their regime of credit extension to their premium players, he said.
Mr Ong also claims in his suit that the credit extended to him was unsolicited, which he alleges violates the Casino Control (Credit) Regulations 2010.
Should casino operators flout this regulation prohibiting unsolicited credit from being granted, they could face disciplinary action under Section 54 of the Act. These include letters of censure, change of terms of the casino licence or licence suspension, and fines not exceeding $1 million.
If casinos do not operate strictly within the confines of their licence terms and the Casino Control Act, they may face sanctions from the Casino Regulatory Authority, Mr Lau said.
Unlicensed moneylending
And if a casino is proven to have engaged in unlicensed moneylending, it can face criminal sanctions under the Moneylenders Act, he added.
According to gaming lawyers with Nevada's largest private law firm, Lionel Sawyer & Collins, most casinos will settle a case if a meritorious defence is presented.
'An exception to this general rule is a technical defence in which the patron attempts to avoid the obligation by challenging the jurisdiction of the court, the validity of the law, or the procedure in obtaining the judgment. In these cases, the gaming industry's ability to enforce gaming debts is at risk. Therefore, the casino must defend the action,' according to the Las Vegas-based law firm in its book, Nevada Gaming Law.
In Singapore, licensed casinos may rely on contract law to enforce unpaid gambling debts. Where the patron furnishes a cheque in payment of chips or as a security deposit, and the cheque is subsequently dishonoured, the casino may also sue on the dishonoured cheque, Mr Lau said.
The Casino Control Act allows the two casinos to enforce gambling debts incurred by their customers provided their claim falls within the provisions of Section 108, he said. That enables the industry to collect its gaming debts, which in turn affects casino profits and revenues.
According to a Bank of America Merrill Lynch report, gaming revenues from both MBS and Resorts World Sentosa will likely reach $6 billion this year, and jump to between $7 billion and $8 billion in 2011.
Published December 25, 2010
Critical issues arise as MBS sues to recover gambling debt
As casino seeks to enforce collection of $250K gambling debt, focus will be on definition of 'premium player' and law that discourages lending to Singaporean gamblers
By GRACE LEONG
THE first lawsuit brought by a casino in Singapore to collect gambling debts has raised several issues - from who is a 'premium player' to a focus on the legislation that discourages extension of credit to Singaporean gamblers.
A lawsuit filed in the Singapore High Court by Marina Bay Sands (MBS) against a Singaporean to enforce collection of a $250,000 gambling debt has triggered questions relating to credit extended by the casino and restrictions under Singapore's Casino Control Act and its subsidiary legislation.
Under Section 108(7) of the Casino Control Act, casinos can extend credit only to non-Singaporeans and 'premium players'. Under the Casino Control (Credit) Regulations 2010, a casino patron who is a Singaporean qualifies as a 'premium player' when he or she has at least $100,000 in a deposit account with the casino before the commencement of play.
$250,000 casino chips
In its lawsuit, MBS maintains the gambler had deposited $100,000 cash to qualify as a premium player and would not have been able to obtain $250,000 worth of casino chips without a credit agreement with the casino.
But Lester Ong Boon Lin, 31, claims the loan is unenforceable for several reasons.
He claims he had withdrawn his $100,000 deposit to buy gambling chips before the casino extended credit to him. And because he was allegedly no longer a premium player when credit was extended to him, the marker - or casino debt evidenced by a credit instrument - is deemed null and void under the Civil Law Act, he alleges in court documents.
In addition, Mr Ong's lawyer Sunil Singh Panoo of Dhillon & Partners contends the casino is deemed a moneylender because it had allegedly extended credit to a non-premium member. But because the casino isn't a licensed moneylender, the marker is therefore unenforceable under the Moneylenders Act.
But MBS disagreed, claiming Mr Ong never denied owing the money and even made various proposals for repayment. MBS said in court papers it took legal action after Mr Ong's cheque bounced and he refused to repay the loan. The gaming industry is now watching to see how the term 'premium player' will be interpreted by Singapore courts for the first time since the Casino Control Act was passed into law in 2006 to regulate casino gambling in Singapore.
'The consequences of MBS extending credit to Ong will depend on whether Ong succeeds in his argument that at the time credit was extended to him, he was no longer a premium player as defined in the Act,' said Lau Kok Keng, head of Rajah & Tann LLP's Intellectual Property, Sports & Gaming Practice.
Section 108, which is legislation aimed at restricting credit extension to gamblers at local casinos, reflects the particular concern that the Singapore government had about the harmful social effects of gambling on credit, Mr Lau said.
Licensed casino operators are prohibited from extending credit to gamblers who are Singapore citizens or permanent residents unless they are 'premium players'.
At what point does the patron cease being a premium player, asked Eugene Tan, assistant professor of law at Singapore Management University.
'Does the deposit and immediate withdrawal of the deposit by a patron to buy chips - leading to the patron's account balance being less than $100,000 - result in the patron automatically not being a premium player?' he asked.
If so, the casinos will have to review their regime of credit extension to their premium players, he said.
Mr Ong also claims in his suit that the credit extended to him was unsolicited, which he alleges violates the Casino Control (Credit) Regulations 2010.
Should casino operators flout this regulation prohibiting unsolicited credit from being granted, they could face disciplinary action under Section 54 of the Act. These include letters of censure, change of terms of the casino licence or licence suspension, and fines not exceeding $1 million.
If casinos do not operate strictly within the confines of their licence terms and the Casino Control Act, they may face sanctions from the Casino Regulatory Authority, Mr Lau said.
Unlicensed moneylending
And if a casino is proven to have engaged in unlicensed moneylending, it can face criminal sanctions under the Moneylenders Act, he added.
According to gaming lawyers with Nevada's largest private law firm, Lionel Sawyer & Collins, most casinos will settle a case if a meritorious defence is presented.
'An exception to this general rule is a technical defence in which the patron attempts to avoid the obligation by challenging the jurisdiction of the court, the validity of the law, or the procedure in obtaining the judgment. In these cases, the gaming industry's ability to enforce gaming debts is at risk. Therefore, the casino must defend the action,' according to the Las Vegas-based law firm in its book, Nevada Gaming Law.
In Singapore, licensed casinos may rely on contract law to enforce unpaid gambling debts. Where the patron furnishes a cheque in payment of chips or as a security deposit, and the cheque is subsequently dishonoured, the casino may also sue on the dishonoured cheque, Mr Lau said.
The Casino Control Act allows the two casinos to enforce gambling debts incurred by their customers provided their claim falls within the provisions of Section 108, he said. That enables the industry to collect its gaming debts, which in turn affects casino profits and revenues.
According to a Bank of America Merrill Lynch report, gaming revenues from both MBS and Resorts World Sentosa will likely reach $6 billion this year, and jump to between $7 billion and $8 billion in 2011.