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Suez Canal Blockage shows that Indians are all SCUM, IRRESPONSIBLE and Corrupted to the CORE

Egypts usd1 bil demand will only cause other ship owners to pay higher premiums next year. And may deter some ships from using the csnal
 
Sea captain explains risks of mega ships, following Ever Given crisis
Ever Given Stuck in the Sand in the Suez Canal
The Ever Given cargo ship stuck in the Suez Canal.
Shipping vessels have grown larger by multiples in just a few years, adding to worries among some industry insiders that a single mistake made by a massive ship could cause a global supply chain disruption, as the world saw with the Ever Given.
That ship, which was stuck in the Suez Canal for about a week in March, slowed or stalled shipping traffic around the world. It was estimated to cost the global economy about $400 million per hour, and its effects have still been rippling through the economy in recent weeks.
As ships like the Ever Given have grown over the last few decades, their crews have been shrinking because they're using more automated processes, said Captain Rahul Khanna, global head of marine risk consulting at Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty, whose team publishes an annual safety review.
"Decades ago, the ships with 3,000 TEU — that's the number of twenty-foot containers that can fit onboard — were considered the big ones," said Khanna.
Now, ships like the Ever Given carry maximum loads of more than 20,000 containers. Boat-building technology could in the years and decades ahead produce ever-larger ships, perhaps growing to 50,000 containers or more. If there's demand for such ships, modern technology could allow for such builds, Khanna said.
Between 2006 and 2020, the largest shipping vessels in the world grew by 155%, according to a January report from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. The biggest ships are loading or unloading 125% more at each port they visit.
With bigger boats, there could be more impactful accidents.
"While seemingly efficient, they are too large to fit in some ports, increase dangers in storms, and highly piled containers are falling, causing product and the corresponding financial losses," said Cheryl Druehl, associate professor of operations management at George Mason University.
Even the Ever Given debacle, which grabbed hold of the worldwide news cycle, could have been worse. If that ship's hull had broken, say, it would have taken even longer to fix the issue, Khanna said. It's likely that a crane would have had to have been constructed nearby to remove some or all of its load. Refloating it would have been a more complex task, likely stretching into months.
Surveying the world's riskiest shipping routes
A cargo ship in the North Pacific Ocean.David Goldman/AP PhotoAs the shipping industry gets back to its normal routine, Khanna and other shipping industry insiders walked Insider through their concerns about the next big disaster.
The most obvious answer was that another ship could get stuck in the Suez or Panama canals. The risk of a situation similar to the Ever Given's crash in one of those waterways was "unlikely but high impact," said Ambrose Conroy, founder and CEO of Seraph, a consulting and turnaround firm.
The risk was lower at other heavily travelled shipping lanes, including the Singapore Strait, and the Strait of Hormuz, although it has geopolitical risks of its own, said Khanna.
Ports in the future may also have trouble handling larger ships, but that's an issue that can be fixed with proper planning, Conroy said. Instead, it's the "black swan events" like the Ever Given that the industry needs to look out for.
One concern is a shipping route that's becoming more popular. In decades past, a lane through the Arctic would open in summer months, giving ships a more direct path between Europe and Russia.
As the climate crisis has reduced the amount of ice in those northern regions, that passageway is now increasingly being used in the winter. It's become so popular that the International Maritime Organization issued a revised Polar Code.
As the Ever Given stalled global shipping in March, Moscow officials pointed to the Northern Sea Route through the Arctic as an alternative.
But Arctic travel comes with its own risks. While it's unlikely that modern ships, with all their technology, would hit an iceberg, smaller ice floats can still damage hulls, Khanna said. An oil spill in the Arctic would also be devastating to marine life. And rescue crews might have difficulty reaching a stranded ship in such inhospitable waters.
Concerns about long journeys during the pandemic
Crew aboard a Finnish icebreaker.David Goldman/AP Photo
Shipping industry observers also say the health and wellbeing of ship crews are a growing concern for 2021 and beyond. Shipping can take crews around the world — "It's easier to list the places I haven't been," said Khanna — but many haven't been able to visit their homes since the pandemic began.
"Crews haven't been able to go back home on their leave," he said.
Automation hasn't helped, said Druehl, the George Mason professor. With more automation, ships have been able to stay away from their home ports longer. And it's brought up issues like "skeleton crews, leading to more isolation and risk of piracy."
Decentralizing the manufacturing industry is one possible way to cut risk, said a few industry insiders. Bring manufacturing back in the parts of the world that have become importers, and shipping won't be as much of a concern, they said. But that's easier said than done.
"The intricacies of global logistics are meaningless to most, that is until the truck doesn't show up and the shelves go empty," said Richard Weissman, director of the Organizational Management Program at Endicott College.
Issues caused by the Ever Given were still trickling through the supply chain in the last few weeks, he said. But most people won't notice, unless they're among the few who actively follow supply chains.
He added: "Once freight crosses the threshold of the loading dock and the truck door closes, we tend to forget about it. That's the one thing that has to change now."
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Egypt Offers to Cut Ever Given Compensation Claim to $600 Million – gCaptain
ever given
By Abdel Latif Wahba (Bloomberg) —

Egypt offered to reduce claims by a third for compensation from owners of the container ship that blocked the Suez Canal in March, Suez Canal Authority Chairman Osama Rabie told MBC Masr channel television channel.

The canal authority said it would reduce the claims for compensation to $600 million from $900 million, according to Rabie. The SCA also offered payment terms to owners of the Ever Given container ship but they have yet to respond, he said.

An Egyptian court granted the Suez Canal Authority’s request for the seizure of the vessel in mid-April as compensation talks dragged on. The blockage roiled shipping markets because hundreds of vessels had to wait for the canal — which can shave two weeks off a journey between Asia and Europe — to reopen.

The canal authority has said compensation is needed to cover losses of transit fees, damage to the waterway during the dredging and salvage efforts, and for the cost of equipment and labor.

The 400-meter-long Ever Given is owned by Japan’s Shoei Kisen Kaisha Ltd. and was being chartered by Taiwan’s Evergreen Line when it got stuck in the southern end of the canal for six days.

Egypt Suez Canal revenue increased by 2.8% in the first four months of 2021 to $1.96 billion comared with with $1.9 billion a year earlier.

© 2021 Bloomberg L.P.
 
Egypt will soon settle for usd 200 mil. I think that amount is ok for insurers to accept sndvrecoup by imposing higher premiums on shipoeners passing suez coming years.
 
Egypt will soon settle for usd 200 mil. I think that amount is ok for insurers to accept sndvrecoup by imposing higher premiums on shipoeners passing suez coming years.
Premiums n crossing toll charges for suez canal is a sure thing.
 
Suez Canal chief says southern stretch to be expanded
The blocking of the Suez Canal created a backlog of over 420 ships. (Photo: AFP/Mahmoud KHALED)
11 May 2021 08:33PM
(Updated: 11 May 2021 08:40PM)
Bookmark
CAIRO: The Suez Canal Authority (SCA) plans to expand and deepen the southern stretch of the waterway where a container ship became jammed and blocked traffic for six days in March, chairman Osama Rabie said in a televised address on Tuesday (May 11).
Rabie presented the plan at an event attended by Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, who indicated that the project should be completed in 24 months at most.
The SCA plans to widen the southernmost 30-kilometre stretch of the waterway between the city of Suez and the Bitter Lakes area by 40 metres eastwards, Rabie said. It also plans to deepen that section to 72 feet (22m) from 66 feet.
READ: Suez Canal traffic resumes after stranded cargo ship is set free

A second canal lane that opened in 2015 north of the Great Bitter Lake to allow two-directional traffic would be extended by 10km on the southern side of the lake, to reach a total length of 82km and allowing more ships to pass, Rabie said.
Sisi said that, while further expansion to the canal had been under consideration, the grounding of the 440-metre Ever Given container ship on Mar 23 highlighted the urgency of the plans.
The vessel, still loaded with thousands of containers, is being held in the Great Bitter Lake amid a dispute over an SCA compensation claim against the Ever Given's Japanese owner Shoei Kisen.
Source: Reuters
 

Ever Given: Egypt's Suez Canal to be widened to avoid new trade chaos​

The Suez Canal will be widened by 131 feet to avoid a repeat of the Ever Given chaos, authorities say​

Sophia Ankel
May 15, 2021, 8:48 AM
Ever Given, Suez Canal
Container ship Ever Given stuck in the Suez Canal, Egypt on March 27, 2021.
  • The Suez Canal Authority (SCA) said this week it plans on widening and deepening the Suez Canal.
  • Officials are making the changes in the hopes of avoiding a repeat of the Ever Given blunder.
  • The plan is to increase the width of the waterway by 131 feet and to deepen the area by 10 feet.
Egyptian authorities said this week they plan on widening and deepening parts of the Suez Canal to avoid a repeat of the Ever Given blunder in March, according to Bloomberg.
In a televised address on Tuesday, the head of the Suez Canal Authority (SCA), Osama Rabie, said an 18.6 mile stretch of the waterway would be widened by about 131 feet (40 meters) and deepened by 32 feet (10 meters) to improve the movement of ships in the area.
The expansion will take around two years, Rabie said.
Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi, who also spoke at the event, stressed he doesn't want to mobilize "huge" public funding for the project, according to Bloomberg.
The Suez Canal, an artificial sea-level waterway, is one of the world's most heavily used shipping lanes, facilitating about 12% of all global trade.
The Japanese-owned Ever Given container ship made headlines in March after it ran aground in the single-lane stretch during a sandstorm.
It blocked the crucial waterway for six days, forcing some vessels to reroute, while hundreds had to wait for the Ever Given to be freed.
The canal authority since reduced the claims to $600 million. However, the insurer of the vessel said this amount is still too high.
The massive container ship had spent 48 days idle as of Saturday. It is impounded in the Great Bitter Lake, a body of water roughly 30 miles from where it first got stuck.

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Shipping cost surge raises retail price pressures and inflation risks​

Posted Yesterday at 9:05pm, updated 3h
hours
ago
Forklift Driver 2
Traffic jams at global ports are set to push prices up. (ABC News: John Gunn)
A surge in demand since the lows of the coronavirus recession has sent the cost of sea freight skyrocketing around the world — and that could soon see consumers paying higher prices.

Key points:​

  • Soaring demand for physical goods has increased congestion and delays at the world's ports and pushed up shipping costs
  • The price of products like canned food, shoes, clothes, and computers could increase if retailers start to pass on the higher freight and input costs
  • The cost of shipping a 40 foot container from Shanghai to Sydney on the spot market has doubled
For the first time, the cost of shipping a container on the world's busiest shipping routes from China to Europe surpassed $US10,000 ($13,513), a rise of more than 500 per cent since June last year.
At the same time, the prices of major commodities like iron ore, steel and timber have jumped as economies recover from the coronavirus.
Soaring demand for physical goods thanks to government stimulus, coronavirus travel restrictions, more time at home and a global shortage of cargo containers has increased congestion and delays at the world's ports and pushed up shipping costs.
Major retailers like the Reject Shop have already flagged price rises because they have seen the cost of importing goods double or triple.
Loading video
YOUTUBEPrices of consumer goods are set to rise
That means the price of products like canned food, shoes, clothes, and computers could increase if retailers start to pass on the higher freight and input costs.

Freight costs surge for importers​

A year on from the start of the pandemic, business has boomed at Plasdene Glass-Pak, a national plastic and glass container supplier based in Western Sydney.
The company has customers ranging from multinational companies to stallholders making jam for farmers' markets.
But general manager Jayne Pearson said freight costs had gone up from 20 to 50 per cent over the past year.
Jayne Pearson
Jayne Pearson says the surge in sea freight has forced her business to increase prices. (ABC News: John Gunn)
"So across the last 12 months, it would be in the vicinity of hundreds of thousands of dollars additional that we've incurred in importation costs, and associated tariffs and surcharges," she said.
Ms Pearson said some customers were paying very high rates for some routes including a UK client who imported products from China.
"Now they're seeing more than 840 per cent increase from China to the UK. That's gone from around $US1,500 to more than $US15,000."
Glass bottles
Prices of products like bottles have increased because of surging shipping costs. (John Gunn: ABC News)
She said the situation had forced Plasdene to increase its prices to customers.

Tin can prices increase​

David Buchanan from the Australian Steel Association said the higher transport costs and higher resource costs — for example, for steel — had already seen the price of tin cans rise by 30 to 40 per cent over the past six months.
"The impacts will come down the track," he said.

Sky-high cargo costs​

Over the year to May 2021, the median cost of shipping a 20 foot export container from Australia to China increased by almost 40 per cent to nearly $1,479, according to figures provided by Shipping Australia and Mizzen Group.
Container ship at port botany, June 2021
The cost of transporting goods by ship is at record highs. (ABC News: John Gunn)
Although, Shipping Australia points out that at the beginning of the pandemic, Australia to China rates were $1,370 per container.
The cost of importing goods from China — the world's factory — has surged much more.
Drewry World Container Index
The cost of hiring shipping containers to transport cargo has surged by more than 300 per cent over the past year. (Drewry Supply Chain Advisors: Supplied)
The most expensive trade route is Shanghai to Rotterdam, according to Drewry Supply Chain Advisors, where spot rates for a 40 foot container have soared 518 per cent since June last year to $US10,462 ($13,513).
And the cost of shipping a 40 foot container from Shanghai to Sydney on the spot market doubled from a year ago to $US4,307 ($5,563) according to digital global freight booking platform Freightos.

Missed ports​

Shipping companies said they have been taking action to minimise the impact of port congestion, such as skipping ports of call and cancelling planned sailings.
But that can add to delays for businesses, with Ms Pearson saying that one shipment was diverted to New Zealand and took weeks to get back to Australia.
Shipping containers at Port Botany
The price to hire a shipping container from Shanghai to Sydney has doubled over the past year. (ABC News: John Gunn)
Shipping Australia chief executive Melwyn Noronha said huge demand for freight and rising expenses had seen the cost of running a cargo ship jump to more than $92,000 a day, not including fuel.
The trade congestion worsened when a huge cargo ship was stuck in the Suez Canal in Egypt in March.
The port logjams have also worsened the situation for some Australian exporters, who have been caught up in the trade tensions with China.

Exporters struggling​

Paul Zalai from the Freight & Trade Alliance, which represents importers and exporters, said the delays and higher freight expenses have cost Australian businesses potentially billions of dollars.
Paul Zalai Freight & Trade Alliance director
Paul Zalai wants to see greater regulation of the shipping industry. (John Gunn: ABC News)
"We've got one major exporter now who was very happy with finally getting rains after years of drought. They've got they've got a bumper crop of 20,000 tonnes of chickpeas, but they can't get capacity on any vessels to get to overseas markets," he said.
He said exports sometimes get bumped because shipping lines pick up empty containers to transport goods on more profitable trade routes from China to Europe or the US.
Shipping Australia chief executive Melwyn Noronha said the shipping industry was trying its best to get around the logjams.
"Australia is predominantly an importer of goods, so you'll have an excess of empty containers, and the shipping lines, I can tell you, in the last 12 months have been working tirelessly in getting those containers out of this country," he said.
He said some of the delays were caused by poor productivity at Australian ports, which was worsened by industrial disputes.
"There's a buildup, there's a buildup of these empty containers right across the world, because of port congestion, and I think port congestion needs to be looked at very carefully.'
More industrial action begins in Melbourne tomorrow.

Call for price regulation​

Mr Zalai met Trade Minister Dan Tehan last week to call for regulation of the shipping industry like in the US, where there is a Federal Maritime Commission.
The Productivity Commission is investigating vulnerable supply chains in Australia.
Mr Noronha disagrees.
"There is absolutely no economic justification to regulate the shipping industry," he said.
"It's a huge industry where you have multiple players competing against each other."
The record high shipping expenses for businesses look like they are here to stay for 2021 at least, or until the global economy slows down.
Bloomberg Intelligence said it expects pressure to remain on sea freight costs, putting the shipping industry on a strong footing for a record year.
The Baltic Dry Index, which tracks the cost of moving commodities such as coal and iron ore, is at the highest in a decade as China's economy resurges from the coronavirus pandemic.
 
The only teason why they build huge container vessels is to lower per unit costs. But now the costs of insuring the risk has made freight even more expensive.
 
IKEA, Lenovo and many more businesses still have products stuck in the Suez Canal
Workers have successfully set free a colossal container ship that for nearly a week has been stuck sideways across the Suez Canal, one of the world's most crucial arteries for trade.
The Ever Given is no longer blocking the Suez Canal, but the crisis is far from over for companies forced to endure a protracted legal battle in hopes of recovering goods worth hundreds of millions of dollars that have been stuck on the impounded container ship for months.

IKEA and Lenovo are among the companies with products stuck on the Japanese-owned vessel that blocked the Suez Canal for six days in March.

Smaller firms such as UK bicycle maker Pearson 1860 and Snuggy UK, which makes wearable blankets, also have vital orders stuck in limbo.


The Ever Given is no longer blocking the Suez Canal, but the crisis is far from over for companies forced to endure a protracted legal battle in hopes of recovering goods worth hundreds of millions of dollars that have been stuck on the impounded container ship for months. (AP)
"We don't hold out much hope of seeing our stock this year and although it is insured in transit, we have guessed there will be little chance of seeing a settlement for months if not years," Will Pearson, director of Pearson 1860, told CNN Business.

His company has products worth more than US$100,000 ($130,088) on the ship.

An Egyptian court impounded the Ever Given and its 18,300 cargo containers after the Suez Canal Authority filed an initial US$916 million ($1.1 billion) compensation claim against Japanese ship owner Shoei Kisen Kaisha for damages and losses incurred when the ship ran aground in a narrow part of the canal, blocking traffic.

The US Navy is sending a specialist team to help free the Ever Green from blocking the Suez Canal.
IKEA and Lenovo are among the companies with products stuck on the Japanese-owned vessel that blocked the Suez Canal for six days in March. (Getty)
The Ever Given — and its cargo — are being held in the canal's Great Bitter Lake during the legal battle.

Several companies with products on the Ever Given told CNN Business they have been left in the dark about the status of their goods as legal proceedings continue, and are excluded from negotiations surrounding their release.

Even if a deal is reached, the companies or their insurers are likely to be on the hook for a portion of the settlement.

The companies may be forced to pay under a maritime law principle called "general average," which requires parties involved in a voyage to proportionally share costs in the event of a loss.

The principle has its roots in regulations governing maritime trade set out by the people of Rhodes more than a millennium ago in what is now Greece.

"If somebody [the ship owners in this case] incurs an extraordinary expense for the common good, then everybody is asked to contribute to it," said Jai Sharma, the head of cargo casualty at Clyde & Co., a law firm that represents companies and insurers with over US$100 million ($130,088,900) in cargo on the Ever Given.

The firm estimates the total value of goods on board to be US$600 million ($780,538,800) to US$700 million ($910,628,600).

Shoei Kisen Kaisha declined to comment for this story.

The Suez Canal Authority did not respond to multiple requests for comment.

Stuck in limbo
IKEA told CNN Business that it has a variety of products on board the ship, but declined to provide further specifics about the shipment.

Lenovo confirmed it also has cargo aboard the ship, and a spokesperson said the company is "exploring ways to recover the goods."

The stakes are even higher for companies like EasyEquipment, a small UK business that does not have marine insurance on US$100,000 ($130,088) worth of commercial refrigerators that were supposed to be delivered to restaurants before coronavirus restrictions eased in May.

"Not only have we lost all profits from this crucial order, but this has also affected restaurant businesses that were hoping to reopen their doors after lockdown," said CEO Michael Shah.

"We're caught in this limbo, and I know I'm going to have to foot this added [general average] bill to get my stock back."

Pearson 1860 said it has received few updates regarding legal negotiations and the status of its shipment from canal authorities, Shoei Kisen Kaisha or Evergreen, which operates the vessel.

Smaller firms such as UK bicycle maker Pearson 1860 and Snuggy UK, which makes wearable blankets, also have vital orders stuck in limbo. (AP)
"There seems to be ongoing shifting of blame and insurance wrangling taking place between the ship owners, Evergreen and the Suez Canal authorities," Mr Pearson said.

That sentiment was echoed by Snuggy, a small UK business that was founded just two years ago.

World's biggest ships revealed
Co-founder Jack Griffiths said over US$550,000 ($715,488) worth of its best-selling product, a hooded wearable blanket, are on the ship.

The business makes just two large orders per year, and this one was meant to see them through to the start of winter.

Mr Griffiths said the delay is causing major cash flow issues for the business.

"We haven't been informed of anything, we are completely powerless and left in the dark," he said.

"I wish we were involved or even kept in the loop a little bit more, but we aren't.

"It's really not a great position to be in and it's a hurdle most new businesses will struggle to get over."

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Suez Canal deal reached over Ever Given​

https%3A%2F%2Fprod.static9.net.au%2Ffs%2Ff35421bf-c972-4a65-b3b3-1c39b030ff82
The Ever Given cargo ship blocked the Suez Canal for a week. (AP)
The vessel would also be freed Wednesday, it said.
The head of Egypt's Suez Canal Authority, Lieutenant General Osama Rabie, said last month the parties had agreed on a compensation amount.
But he said it would not be made public as they had signed a non-disclosure agreement until the signing of the final contract.
The vessel had run aground in the single-lane stretch of the canal on March 23 before it was extracted six days later after a massive salvage effort by a flotilla of tugboats.
https%3A%2F%2Fprod.static9.net.au%2Ffs%2F8be19fb8-97a1-417e-85f1-4ad7877dc485
A deal has been reached to free the ship and its crew. (AP)
Since it was freed, the Panama-flagged, Japanese-owned vessel, which carries cargo between Asia and Europe, has been ordered by authorities to remain in a holding lake mid-canal, along with most of its crew, as the two sides negotiated a settlement.
The disagreement had centered on the compensation amount the Suez Canal Authority is claiming for the salvage of the vessel.
The money would cover the salvage operation, costs of stalled canal traffic, and lost transit fees for the week the Ever Given blocked the canal.
At first, the Suez Canal Authority demanded US$916 million in compensation ($1.2 billion), which was later lowered to US$550 million ($729.9 million).
The two sides have traded blame for the vessel's grounding, with bad weather, poor decisions on the part of canal authorities, and human and technical error all being thrown out as possible factors.
The six-day blockage disrupted global shipping. Hundreds of ships waited in place for the canal to be unblocked, while some ships were forced to take the much longer route around the Cape of Good Hope at Africa's southern tip, requiring additional fuel and other costs.
 
Why is the crew not executed?

Ever Given container ship freed from Suez Canal after compensation deal reached
Posted Yesterday at 11:55am
sand in foreground, side view of ship with stacks of coloured containers
The Ever Given has resumed its journey to leave the Suez Canal 106 days after becoming wedged in a southern section of the waterway.(Xinhua/Ahmed Gomaa via Getty Images)
Suez Canal authorities have announced the release of a hulking shipping vessel that blocked the crucial east-west waterway for nearly a week earlier this year.

Key points:
It took more than three months to reach an agreement for the vessel's release
The Ever Given ran aground in March, blocking the crucial waterway for six days
The financial agreement will help cover the salvage operation, and costs of stalled canal traffic for the week the vessel was stuck
The Ever Given is leaving the Suez Canal after its Japanese owner, Shoei Kisen Kaisha Ltd, reached a settlement with the canal authorities over a compensation amount after more than three months of negotiations and a court standoff.

The settlement deal was signed in a ceremony on Wednesday in the Suez Canal city of Ismailia, after which the vessel was seen sailing to the Mediterranean.

Wednesday's release came a day after an Egyptian court lifted the judicial seizure of the vessel following the Suez Canal Authority's notification that it reached a settlement in its financial dispute with the vessels' owners and insurers.

The vessel ran aground in March, blocking the crucial waterway for six days.

It has since been held amid a dispute over financial compensation.

Earthmoving machinery was brought in to help free the ship. (AP: Suez Canal Authority)
The money, according to canal authorities, would cover the salvage operation, costs of stalled canal traffic and lost transit fees for the week the Ever Given had blocked the canal.

The Ever Given was on its way to the Dutch port of Rotterdam on March 23 when it slammed into the bank of a single-lane stretch of the canal about 6 kilometres north of the southern entrance, near the city of Suez.

A massive salvage effort by a flotilla of tugboats helped by the tides freed the skyscraper-sized, Panama-flagged Ever Given six days later, ending the crisis and allowing hundreds of waiting ships to pass through the canal.

The vessel had since been held in the canal's Great Bitter Lake while the canal and the vessel's owners negotiated a settlement.

The blockage of the canal forced some ships to take the long alternate route around the Cape of Good Hope at Africa's southern tip, requiring additional fuel and other costs. Hundreds of other ships waited in place for the blockage to end.

The shutdown, which raised worries of supply shortages and rising costs for consumers, added strain on the shipping industry, already under pressure from the coronavirus pandemic.

AP
 
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