Order C-919 / CR-929 faster, price will soar! Long Q waiting list! Boeing 737-800 Max CRASHED AGAIN TODAY, 157 up lorry! like Lion Air, same jet!

FuckOttoke · Mar 11, 2019

HA HA !

SilkAir is next ?

Ang4MohTrump · Mar 12, 2019

If airlines don't cancel orders of Boeing 737-800 Max 8 they are nuts! They will be taking suicide and want to go bankrupt!

https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2019-03-11/doc-ihsxncvh1620631.shtml

波音737为何5个月内两次坠机：这一关键系统或有BUG

波音737为何5个月内两次坠机：这一关键系统或有BUG

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3月10日，埃塞俄比亚航空ET302航班从亚的斯亚贝巴飞往内罗毕，起飞后6分钟飞机失踪，随后在亚的斯亚贝巴附近发现残骸。机上共有149名旅客8名机组，其中有8名旅客是中国人，根据官方消息此次空难无人生还。
此次失事航班ET302机型为波音737MAX8，于2018年11月15日交付埃塞俄比亚航空，截止失事为止机龄4个月，为波音最新中型窄体客机。值得一提的是，2018年10月29日狮航JT610航班起飞后约十分钟坠毁，机型也是波音737MAX8。短短四个多月，波音737MAX8连续发生两起重大空难，这到底发生了什么？
现场分析
从FR24的ADS-B数据来看，ET302航班于当地时间0838起飞，在爬升到8000英尺（相对地面约500英尺）高度时于0840发生了飞行不稳定高度有所下降，于0841继续上升，随后ADS-B数据中断，0844飞机坠毁。

ADS-B数据更新到坠毁前三分钟
由于飞机是在起飞上升阶段坠毁的，我们可以根据几个传统项目进行下分析。首先是天气因素，3月10日亚的斯亚贝巴机场（ADD）气象报如下：
“05：00 UTC / 08：00 local time：HAAB 100500Z 06008KT 9999 FEW025 16/10 Q1029”
从气象报可知，能见度达到了10公里以上，云层高度（距离地面）2500英尺，稀疏。可以说是最适合飞行的天气了，天气因素首先被排除。
其次是恐怖袭击，恐怖袭击从逻辑上来说可能性不大。毕竟坠毁时间距离起飞很近，如果是定时炸弹，由于飞机起飞时间会有一定浮动，那么很可能还没起飞就爆炸了，而且如果刚起飞就爆炸可能会有人员幸存。纵观针对民航机的恐怖袭击，都是在飞机高空巡航阶段引爆炸弹的。何况埃塞俄比亚国内局势这几年还算稳定，也没有活跃的恐怖组织，虽然不能完全排除恐怖袭击的可能，但这可能性非常低。
从坠毁现场照片来看，地面上直接撞出一个深坑，可以认为飞机撞击地面时处于大角度俯冲状态。而这不由让人产生了一定的联想了：同样都是737MAX8，同样都是刚刚起飞后坠毁，同样都是大角度俯冲坠毁，这次空难会不会是JT610航班空难的重演？

ET302坠毁现场发生
JT610重演？
2018年10月29日的印尼狮航JT610空难，是由于飞机迎角传感器发生故障，导致波音737MAX8上新安装的自动防失速系统MCAS（机动特性增强系统）认为飞机有失速危险，自动压低机头俯冲以获得空速。而该系统优先级很高且人工操作时也会启动，且人工操作无法取消防失速系统的动作。导致JT610航班机长一直在与自动下压机头的防失速系统搏斗，最终导致飞机坠毁。在JT610事故之后，波音已经更新了737MAX8的自动防失速系统，一旦防失速系统启动，而飞行员进行反向手动操作，就会关闭防失速系统。虽然失事飞机交付之时（11月15日）尚未更新系统，但在事故发生之时理应已经进行了升级。

图为JT610事故时的飞行曲线

图为ET302事发时曲线。需要注意的是FR24数据未计算机场海拔高度，而亚的斯亚贝巴机场海拔为7657英尺。
虽然ET302的ADS-B数据只持续到空难前三分钟，但是在这短短几分钟的记录中已经可以看出在ADS-B中断数据前已经发生高度下降，随后改平恢复继续上升（可能人工介入），与JT610颇为相似。不同的是，JT610在发生人机大战之后，机长与防失速系统搏斗了有10分钟左右才不幸坠入海中失事。而ET302在发生之后3分钟就坠毁了。需要注意的是，JT610发生事故时相对地面高度在约1500英尺，而ET302却只有不到1000英尺的高度（海拔高度8600英尺，地面海拔7657英尺）。留给ET302的高度本来就不多，加上可能的应对失措与高原机场起飞所带来的性能损失，就不难理解为什么ET302那么短的时间内就坠毁了。
姑且不论埃塞俄比亚航空飞行员的技术是否过硬，此次空难波音问题难辞其咎，嫌疑最大的就是导致JT610空难的防失速系统了。然而波音已经在2019年初对全球波音737MAX8进行了升级，（假设空难原因还是自动防失速系统）那为何还会发生类似的惨剧？
　一个可能是波音新升级的版本还有一些没被发现的特殊情况下才会触发的BUG，还有一个可能是失事飞机没有或者忘记升级最新版本了。第二种可能虽然有些匪夷所思，但以笔者多年来和埃塞俄比亚航空打交道的经历来看，可能性也并非为0。
埃航那些事
埃塞俄比亚作为黑非洲一个大国在非洲有着不小的地位，在欧洲殖民非洲的浪潮中埃塞俄比亚是少数保持没有沦为殖民地的国家，而且还和列强打的有声有色。而埃塞俄比亚航空也是非洲地区最大的航空公司了，机队规模达到一百多，是当之无愧的非洲航空公司中的优等生。然而埃塞俄比亚航空在非洲的地位可以说全是靠非洲同行们衬托出来的，放在世界范围内也就平均水平。
笔者在航班一线保障岗位工作时，与埃塞俄比亚航空打交道的时间有两年多，对于埃塞俄比亚航空可谓有着切身感受——毕竟每周至少要和埃塞俄比亚航空打两次交道。就那么多年的观察来看，埃塞俄比亚航空的飞行员绝大多数是黑人，偶尔会看到白人机长，但次数少的可怜，而这些黑人机长却频频让笔者哭笑不得。
埃塞俄比亚航空的航班所加的油量是机长手工填写的，包括这几个部分：总油（飞机推出桥位前油箱内总油量）、滑行耗油（从桥位滑行到跑道的耗油）、起飞油量（总油-滑行油量）以及航段耗油（按计划飞行时途中所消耗的油量），可以说是简单的加减法，然而机长却频频弄错。

举个例子
以上图所示的油单为例，起飞油量应该是80500-700=79800，但飞行员填写的起飞油量却是79900，足足差了100kg。这种错误放在国内航空公司中早就上民航局通报或者航空公司处罚了，然而这却是日常。
少个100公斤油量也就罢了，毕竟还算在误差范围之内。然而还有一次，同样的机型同样的航线，在航段耗油（trip fuel）一栏中写着7050kg，要知道波音737从上海飞北京耗油都不止这个数了，而787-900从上海飞亚的斯亚贝巴还这个耗油量，就匪夷所思了。当然和飞行员核对后，飞行员在7050后面加了个0。
除了油单填错这种常见错误外，有些错误也是让人叹为观止。记得有一次航班有特殊货物，是三吨多的活猴子。这种活体动物货物应该放在飞机有供氧可以运输活体动物的舱位。然而笔者惊讶的发现亚的斯亚贝巴总部的配载人员把这三吨多的活体猴子安排在了没有供氧的货舱内，不知这些猴子到了目的地时还有多少能活着。至于总共14个行李箱却有11个要求摆在飞机货舱门口，五分钟一改货舱布局这种事更是数不胜数。笔者所在部门有发现航班数据错误或安全隐患时有绩效奖励的机制，然而这机制有一条例外：发现埃塞俄比亚的错误不算。因为别的航空公司能值得进行加分奖励的错误在埃塞俄比亚航空上简直每周都在发生。
737MAX何去何从
737MAX从2018年开始大规模交付后，已经在四个多月内连续发生了两起空难。虽说新机型在投入使用初期会有不少问题出现——如波音787锂电池起火问题——但都没有波音737MAX那么严重。如果说第一起空难还能说是未发现新系统内的逻辑问题，那么第二起类似空难的发生将无可避免的让人怀疑波音737MAX的安全性问题。
目前737MAX全系列订单为4783架，失事机型737MAX8订单为2556架，已经交付226架，交付国内航空公司六十余架。虽然目前空难原因有待调查，波音737MAX系列是否会全球停飞也有待事故调查结论，但不可避免的会让全球范围内的用户对波音的信心动摇。JT610空难发生时，波音股价周线下跌最高达8.53%，但很快又涨了回去。然而ET302空难发生之后，市场对波音的反应又会如何呢？如果笔者有美股账户的话现在会选择做空波音股票。

此次空难为2019年第一起重大民航空难，遇难乘客中还有8名同胞。虽然说目前事故原因尚未有结论，但波音737MAX飞机的锅肯定是逃不了了。国内各大航空公司均有购买737MAX，其中包括国航、东航、南航、厦航、福州航等。相信在调查报告出来之前国内737MAX航空公司用户对于737MAX的使用会万分小心谨慎，让旅客平安出行。
根据最新消息，3月11日凌晨民航局紧急通知国内波音737MAX全部停飞，直到事故原因调查清楚。以下是国内波音737MAX的部分列表。（作者署名：张仲麟）

Why did the Boeing 737 crash twice in 5 months: this critical system may have a bug
Why did the Boeing 737 crash twice in 5 months: this critical system may have a bug
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On March 10, Ethiopian Airlines flight ET302 flew from Addis Ababa to Nairobi. The plane disappeared 6 minutes after take-off and then found wreckage near Addis Ababa. There are 149 passengers and 8 crews on board, and 8 of them are Chinese. According to official news, there is no life in this air crash.

The ET302 model of the crash was the Boeing 737MAX8, which was delivered to Ethiopian Airlines on November 15, 2018. It was 4 months old until the crash, and it was Boeing's latest medium-sized narrow-body aircraft. It is worth mentioning that on October 29, 2018, the Lion Air JT610 flight crashed about ten minutes after taking off. The model is also the Boeing 737MAX8. In just over four months, the Boeing 737MAX8 has two major air crashes in succession. What happened in the end?

On-site analysis

From the FR24's ADS-B data, the ET302 flight took off at 0838 local time. When it climbed to 8000 feet (about 500 feet above the ground), the flight instability height decreased at 0840 and continued to rise at 0841. The ADS-B data was interrupted and the 0844 plane crashed.

ADS-B data updated to three minutes before the crash

Since the aircraft crashed during the ascent of the takeoff, we can perform the analysis based on several traditional projects. The first is the weather factor. The March 10 Addis Ababa Airport (ADD) weather report is as follows:

“05:00 UTC / 08:00 local time:HAAB 100500Z 06008KT 9999 FEW025 16/10 Q1029”

According to the weather report, the visibility reached more than 10 kilometers, and the height of the clouds (from the ground) was 2,500 feet, which was sparse. It can be said that it is the most suitable weather for flight, and the weather factor is first ruled out.

Second is the terrorist attack, which is logically unlikely. After all, the crash time is very close to takeoff. If it is a time bomb, because the flight time of the aircraft will fluctuate, it is likely to explode without taking off, and if the aircraft just took off, there may be people surviving. Throughout the terrorist attacks on civil aircraft, they were detonated during the high-altitude cruise. Moreover, the domestic situation in Ethiopia has been fairly stable in recent years, and there are no active terrorist organizations. Although the possibility of terrorist attacks cannot be completely ruled out, the possibility is very low.

From the photo of the crash site, a deep pit was directly hit on the ground, and it can be considered that the airplane was in a large angle of dive when it hit the ground. And this does not cause people to have a certain association: the same is 737MAX8, the same is just after the takeoff crash, the same is a large angle dive crash, this air crash will be a replay of the JT610 flight crash?

ET302 crash occurred on site

JT610 replay?

The Indonesian Lion Air JT610 air crash on October 29, 2018 was caused by the failure of the aircraft's angle of attack sensor. The newly installed automatic anti-stall system MCAS (Mobility Enhancement System) on the Boeing 737MAX8 considered the aircraft to be stalled and automatically lowered the nose. Dive to get airspeed. The system has a high priority and is also activated during manual operation, and manual operation cannot cancel the action of the anti-stall system. The captain of the JT610 flight has been fighting the anti-stall system of the automatic press head, which eventually led to the crash. After the JT610 accident, Boeing has updated the 737MAX8's automatic anti-stall system. Once the anti-stall system is activated and the pilot performs a reverse manual operation, the anti-stall system is turned off. Although the system was not updated at the time of the delivery of the crash (November 15), it should have been upgraded at the time of the accident.

The picture shows the flight curve of the JT610 accident.

The picture shows the curve of the ET302 incident. It should be noted that the FR24 data is not at the computer field altitude, while the Addis Ababa airport is 7657 feet above sea level.

Although the ADS-B data of the ET302 only lasted for three minutes before the air crash, it can be seen in the record of just a few minutes that the ADS-B has experienced a high drop before the data is interrupted, and then the flattening resumes to continue to rise (possibly artificial Intervention), quite similar to the JT610. The difference is that after the man-machine battle in JT610, the captain and the anti-stall system fought for about 10 minutes before he accidentally fell into the sea and crashed. The ET302 crashed 3 minutes after it happened. It should be noted that the JT610 has an altitude of approximately 1500 feet relative to the ground, while the ET302 has a height of less than 1,000 feet (8,600 feet above sea level and 7,657 feet above sea level). The height of the ET302 is not much, and with the possible loss of response and the performance loss caused by the takeoff of the high altitude airport, it is not difficult to understand why the ET302 crashed in such a short period of time.

Regardless of whether the technology of Ethiopian aviation pilots is too good, the problem of the air crash Boeing is hard to blame. The biggest suspect is the anti-stall system that caused the JT610 air crash. However, Boeing has upgraded the global Boeing 737MAX8 in early 2019 (assuming the cause of the crash is still an automatic stall prevention system). Why is there a similar tragedy?

One may be a new upgrade to Boeing and some bugs that will be triggered in exceptional circumstances that have not been discovered. Another possibility is that the crashed aircraft did not or forgot to upgrade to the latest version. Although the second possibility is somewhat ridiculous, the possibility that the author has dealt with Ethiopian aviation for many years is not zero.

Esplanade

As a big country in Black Africa, Ethiopia has a small position in Africa. In the wave of European colonial Africa, Ethiopia is one of the few countries that has not become a colony, and it is also very popular with the powers. Ethiopian Airlines is also the largest airline in the African region. With a fleet of more than 100, it is a top class among well-deserved African airlines. However, the status of Ethiopian Airlines in Africa can be said to be based on the African counterparts, and it is also averaged around the world.

When I worked in the first-line security position of the flight, I had to deal with Ethiopian Airlines for more than two years. I had a personal feeling for Ethiopian Airlines. After all, I had to deal with Ethiopian Airlines twice at least once a week. For so many years of observation, the majority of Ethiopian aviation pilots are black, and occasionally see the captain of the white, but the number of poor, but the black captain frequently makes the author laugh and cry.

The amount of oil added by Ethiopian Airlines is manually filled by the captain, including these parts: total oil (total fuel in the tank before the launch of the bridge), taxiing fuel consumption (sliding from the bridge to the runway) ), the amount of take-off oil (total oil - sliding oil) and the fuel consumption of the flight segment (the amount of oil consumed during the flight according to the plan) can be said to be a simple addition and subtraction method, but the captain frequently makes mistakes.

for example

Take the oil list shown above as an example. The amount of take-off oil should be 80500-700=79800, but the amount of take-off oil filled by the pilot is 79,900, which is 100kg. This kind of mistake has been imposed on civil aviation authorities or airlines in domestic airlines, but this is daily.

Less than 100 kilograms of oil is enough, after all, it is still within the margin of error. However, once again, the same route of the same model, 7050kg is written in the section of the fuel section of the segment. It is necessary to know that Boeing 737 is flying from Shanghai and consumes more fuel than Beijing, while the 787-900 is from 787-900. Shanghai Feiya's Addis Ababa also has this fuel consumption, it is incredible. Of course, after checking with the pilot, the pilot added a 0 after the 7050.

In addition to the common mistakes of filling out the oil list, some mistakes are also amazing. I remember that there was a special cargo on a flight and it was a living monkey of more than three tons. This live animal cargo should be placed in a space where the aircraft has oxygen for transporting live animals. However, I was surprised to find that the stowage staff at the headquarters in Addis Ababa arranged the three-ton live monkeys in the cargo tanks without oxygen. I wonder how many monkeys will survive when they arrive at their destination. As for a total of 14 suitcases, there are 11 requirements placed at the door of the cargo hold of the aircraft. The five-minute change of the cargo compartment layout is even more numerous. The author's department has a mechanism for performance rewards when it finds flight data errors or security risks. However, there is one exception to this mechanism: the discovery of Ethiopia's mistakes is not counted. The mistakes that other airlines deserve to be rewarded are happening every week on Ethiopian Airlines.

Where is the 737MAX?

After the large-scale delivery of the 737MAX from 2018, two consecutive air crashes have occurred in more than four months. Although the new model will have many problems in the initial stage of operation - such as the Boeing 787 lithium battery fire problem - but not as serious as the Boeing 737MAX. If the first air crash can be said to have not found a logical problem in the new system, then the second similar air disaster will inevitably raise doubts about the security of the Boeing 737MAX.

At present, the 737MAX series of orders is 4,783, and the 737MAX8 is priced at 2,556. It has delivered 226 and delivered more than 60 domestic airlines. Although the cause of the air crash is yet to be investigated, whether the Boeing 737MAX series will be grounded globally remains to be investigated, but it will inevitably shake the confidence of Boeing on a global scale. When the JT610 air crash occurred, Boeing's share price fell as much as 8.53%, but it quickly rose back. However, after the ET302 air crash, how will the market react to Boeing? If the author has a US stock account, he will now choose to short the Boeing stock.

The air crash was the first major civil aviation disaster in 2019, and there were 8 compatriots among the passengers killed. Although the cause of the current accident has not yet been concluded, the pot of the Boeing 737MAX aircraft must not escape. Major domestic airlines have purchased 737MAX, including Air China, China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Xiamen Airlines, and Fuzhou Airlines. I believe that before the investigation report, domestic 737MAX airline users will be very cautious about the use of 737MAX, so that passengers can travel safely.

According to the latest news, the civil aviation bureau in the early morning of March 11 urgently notified the domestic Boeing 737MAX to stop flying until the cause of the accident was investigated clearly. The following is a partial list of the domestic Boeing 737MAX. (Author's signature: Zhang Zhonglin)

syed putra · Mar 12, 2019

Baccara77 said:
Possible to obtain a list of airlines using 737 Max aircraft ? Starting with Scoot and AirAsia.

I believe, non of them uses boeing 737's.

Ang4MohTrump · Mar 12, 2019

Baccara77 said:
Possible to obtain a list of airlines using 737 Max aircraft ? Starting with Scoot and AirAsia.

HERE IS THE LIST OF AIRLINES & ALL PAX PSE CANCEL TICKETS AND DEMAND FULL REFUND ASAP! Don't Risk your ass!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Boeing_737_MAX_orders_and_deliveries

List of Boeing 737 MAX orders and deliveries

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article lists the orders made by airlines and other buyers for the Boeing 737 MAX family of aircraft, which is currently being produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes, a division of the Boeing Company.
Initially, the customers for the 737 MAX were not disclosed, except for American Airlines. On November 17, 2011, Boeing released the names of two other customers – Lion Air and Aviation Capital Group. At that time, Boeing reported 700 commitments from nine customers for the 737 MAX.[1][2] Then on December 13, 2011, Southwest Airlines announced they would be the launch customer for the 737 MAX with a firm order of 150 aircraft and 150 options.[3][4]
As of January 31, 2019, Boeing had 5,011 firm orders from 79 identified customers for the 737 MAX,[5] and the top three identified airline customers for the 737 MAX are: Southwest Airlines with 280 orders, Flydubai with 251 orders, and Lion Air with 201 orders.[5]
Contents

Orders and deliveries
Orders and deliveries by year
Boeing 737 MAX orders and deliveries
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total Orders1509086688614095307596941065,111Deliveries – – – – – – 7422620350

As of January 31, 2019[5]
Cumulative Boeing 737 MAX orders and deliveries

Orders

Deliveries

As of January 31, 2019[5]

Orders and deliveries by customer
The following table shows total firm orders and deliveries of Boeing 737 MAX aircraft by variant (where known) and customer, as of January 31st, 2018.[5]

Order date[n 1] Customer Variant Total Orders Total Deliveries -7 -8 -9 -10 Unk May 15, 20149 Air — 1 — — — 301June 12, 2015AerCap — 85 — 15 — 1005September 29, 2016Aerolíneas Argentinas — 11 — — - 119November 5, 2012Aeroméxico — 11 2 — 47 605March 31, 2014Air Canada — 70 11 — — 6120December 22, 2014Air China — 14 — — — 1414December 21, 2015Air Europa — 20 — — — 20—July 3, 2012Air Lease Corporation — 14 8 — 146 16814December 1, 2014Air Niugini — 4 — — — 4—September 18, 2018Air Peace — 10 — — — 10—October 31, 2012ALAFCO — 40 — — — 40—October 11, 2012Alaska Airlines — — 32 — — 32—February 1, 2013American Airlines — 100 — — — 10022May 9, 2016Arik Air — — — — 8 8—December 20, 2012Aviation Capital Group — 70 10 20 3 1035September 18, 2012Avolon — 65 10 20 — 952March 17, 2016Blue Air — 6 — — — 6—August 13, 2014BOC Aviation — 77 — 10 — 875June 1, 2018Boeing Capital Corporation — — — — 75 75—March 21, 2014Business Jet / VIP Customer(s) — 2 — — 19 212June 14, 2017CALC China — — — 15 35 50—November 21, 2018Caribbean Airlines [6] [7] [8] — 12 — — — 12—September 28, 2018CDB Financial Leasing (Ireland) — — — — 1 11March 14, 2014China Development Bank — 68 — 10 — 781June 17, 2014China Eastern Airlines — 13 — — — 1313December 17, 2015China Southern Airlines — 50 — — — 5016June 19, 2013CIT Leasing Corporation — — — — 37 37—December 3, 2013Comair (South Africa) — 8 — — — 81May 30, 2013Copa Airlines — — 41 15 5 615September 27, 2016Donghai Airlines — 15 — 10 — 25—October 29, 2014Enter Air — 2 — — 4 62September 1, 2014Ethiopian Airlines — 30 — — — 305March 31, 2017Fiji Airways — 5 — — — 52December 31, 2013Flydubai — 131 70 50 25114September 12, 2014Garuda Indonesia — 50 — — — 501September 28, 2012GECAS — 150 — 20 6 17622October 1, 2012Gol Transportes Aéreos — 105 — 30 — 1356June 28, 2018Goshawk Aviation — 20 — — — 20—July 16, 2014Hainan Airlines — 3 — — 4 77May 21, 2013ICBC Leasing — — — — 5 55February 12, 2013Icelandair — 3 2 — — 53June 29, 2018Jackson Square Aviation — 30 — — — 30—November 19, 2018Jeju Air — 40 — — — 40—April 23, 2013Jet Airways — 125 — — — 1256December 11, 2014Jetlines 5 — — — — 5—August 17, 2017Japan Investment Advisor — 10 — — — 10—November 9, 2015Korean Air — 30 — — — 30—February 22, 2012Lion Air [n 2] — 10 4 100 87 20114July 1, 2016Malaysia Airlines — 15 — 10 — 25—November 18, 2016Mauritania Airlines International — 1 — — — 11May 16, 2014Nok Air — 6 — — — 6—January 24, 2012Norwegian Air Shuttle — 110 — — — 11018May 27, 2014Okay Airways — — — 9 — 9—October 19, 2015Oman Air — 20 — — — 20—December 29, 2016Qatar Airways — 5 — — — 55July 4, 2013Royal Air Maroc — 4 — — — 42December 21, 2013Ruili Airlines — — 6 — 30 36—November 28, 2014Ryanair [n 3] — 135 — — — 135—March 28, 2018SCAT Airlines — 6 2 — — 81April 29, 2014Shandong Airlines — 6 — — — 66December 30, 2014Shenzhen Airlines — 5 — — — 55November 9, 2012SilkAir — 37 — — — 375March 13, 2018SkyUp Airlines — 2 — 5 — 7—September 21, 2018Smartwings — 8 — — — 81November 10, 2014SMBC Aviation Capital — 91 — — — 912December 13, 2011Southwest Airlines [n 4] 30 250 — — — 28031October 23, 2013SpiceJet — 116 — 20 — 1367February 12, 2014SunExpress — 15 — — 17 32—June 16, 2018TAROM — 5 — — — 5—January 15, 2014Timaero Ireland — — — — 22 222July 9, 2013TUI Group — 54 — 18 — 7211May 8, 2013Turkish Airlines — 65 10 — — 757October 17, 2018Turkmenistan Airlines 3 — — — — 3—October 1, 2012 Unidentified Customer(s) — — — — 1043 1045—July 12, 2012United Airlines — — 36 100 — 13612April 6, 2018UTair Aviation — — — — 28 28—May 22, 2016VietJet Air — 120 — 80 — 200—July 6, 2012Virgin Australia — 30 — 10 — 40—September 26, 2013WestJet 23 20 — 12 — 5512December 21, 2013XiamenAir — 9 — — — 99 Total 61 2634 242 579 1588 5111350

as of January 31, 2019[5]
Notes

Order date is based on the initial order for the Boeing 737 MAX aircraft placed by each customer, from Boeing Order & Delivery summary.
Launch customer of 737 MAX 8 and MAX 9 variants.
Launch customer of 737 MAX 200 variant.

Launch customer of 737 MAX 7 variant.

Orders and deliveries graph
The following graph shows total firm orders and deliveries of Boeing 737 MAX aircraft for identified customers,[nb 1] as of September 30, 2018.[5]

As of September 30, 2018.[5]
Notes

Note that orders from Unidentified Customer(s) are excluded from the graph.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_737_MAX

Boeing 737 MAX

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Boeing 737 MAX

A WestJet Boeing 737 MAX 8 on final approach Role Narrow-body twin-engine jet airliner National origin United States Manufacturer Boeing Commercial Airplanes First flight January 29, 2016[1] Introduction May 22, 2017 with Malindo Air [2] Status In service Primary users Southwest Airlines
American Airlines
Air Canada
Norwegian Air Shuttle Produced 2014–present[3] Number built 350 as of January 2019[4] Program cost Airframe only: $1–1.8 billion; including engine development: $2–3B[5] Unit cost
MAX 7: US$99.7 million
MAX 8: US$121.6M
MAX 200: US$124.8M
MAX 9: US$128.9M
MAX 10: US$134.9M as of 2019[6]
Developed from Boeing 737 Next Generation
The Boeing 737 MAX is an American narrow-body aircraft series designed and produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes as the fourth generation of the Boeing 737, succeeding the Boeing 737 Next Generation (NG).
The new 737 generation was launched on August 30, 2011.[7] It performed its first flight on January 29, 2016.[1] The new series gained FAA certification on March 8, 2017.[8] The first delivery was a MAX 8 on May 6, 2017 to Malindo Air,[9] which placed the aircraft into service on May 22, 2017.[2] The 737 MAX is based on earlier 737 designs. It is re-engined with more efficient CFM International LEAP-1B powerplants, aerodynamic improvements (including distinctive split-tip winglets), and airframe modifications.
The 737 MAX series is offered in four variants, typically offering 138 to 230 seats and a 3,215 to 3,825 nmi (5,954 to 7,084 km) range. The 737 MAX 7, MAX 8, and MAX 9 will replace the 737-700, -800, and -900, respectively. Additional length is offered with the further stretched 737 MAX 10. As of January 2019, the Boeing 737 MAX has received 5,011 firm orders and delivered 350.[10] Two 737 MAX 8 had suffered fatal crashes as of March 2019.[11] As of 11 March 2019, several airlines and regulatory authorities had suspended operations of the Boeing 737 MAX 8.[12]
Contents

Development
Background
In 2006, Boeing started considering the replacement of the 737 with a "clean-sheet" design that could follow the Boeing 787 Dreamliner.[13] In June 2010, a decision on this replacement was postponed into 2011.[14]
On December 1, 2010, Boeing's competitor, Airbus, launched the Airbus A320neo family to improve fuel burn and operating efficiency with new engines: the CFM International LEAP and Pratt & Whitney PW1000G.[15] In February 2011, Boeing's CEO Jim McNerney maintained "We're going to do a new airplane."[16] At the March 2011 ISTAT conference, BCA President James Albaugh was not sure about a 737 re-engine, like Boeing CFO James A. Bell stated at the JP Morgan Aviation, Transportation and Defense conference the same month.[17] The A320neo gathered 667 commitments at the June 2011 Paris Air Show for a backlog of 1,029 units since its launch, setting an order record for a new commercial airliner.[18]
On July 20, 2011, American Airlines announced an order for 460 narrowbody jets including 130 A320ceos and 130 A320neos, and intended to order 100 re-engined 737s with CFM LEAPs, pending Boeing confirmation.[19] The order broke Boeing's monopoly with the airline and forced Boeing into a re-engined 737.[20] As this sale included a Most-Favoured-Customer Clause, Airbus has to refund any difference to American if it sells to another airline at a lower price, so the European manufacturer can not give a competitive price to competitor United Airlines, leaving it to a Boeing-skewed fleet.[21]
Program launch

737 MAX 9 mockup at 2012 ILA Berlin

On August 30, 2011, Boeing's board of directors approved the launch of the re-engined 737, expecting a fuel burn 16% lower than the Airbus A320ceo and 4% lower than the A320neo.[7] Studies for additional drag reduction were performed during 2011, including revised tail cone, natural laminar flow nacelle, and hybrid laminar flow vertical stabilizer.[22] Boeing abandoned the development of a new design.[23] Boeing expects the 737 MAX to meet or exceed the range of the Airbus A320neo.[24] Firm configuration for the 737 MAX was scheduled for 2013.[25]
In March 2010, the estimated cost to re-engine the 737 according to Mike Bair, Boeing Commercial Airplanes' vice president of business strategy & marketing, would be $2–3 billion including the CFM engine development. During Boeing's Q2 2011 earnings call, former CFO James Bell said the development cost for the airframe only would be 10–15% of the cost of a new program estimated at $10–12 billion at the time. Bernstein Research predicted in January 2012 that this cost would be twice that of the Airbus A320neo.[5]
Fuel consumption is reduced by 14% from the 737NG.[26] In November 2014, Boeing Chief Executive Officer Jim McNerney said the 737 will be replaced by a new airplane by 2030, slightly bigger and with new engines but keeping its general configuration, probably a composite airplane.[27]
Production

Boeing 737 MAX roll-out in December 2015 with the first 737 MAX 8

On August 13, 2015, the first 737 MAX fuselage completed assembly at Spirit Aerosystems in Wichita, Kansas, for a test aircraft that would eventually be delivered to launch customer Southwest Airlines.[28] On December 8, 2015, the first 737 MAX—a MAX 8 named Spirit of Renton—was rolled out at the Boeing Renton Factory.[29][30]
Because GKN could not produce the titanium honeycomb inner walls for the thrust reversers quickly enough, Boeing switched to a composite part produced by Spirit to deliver 47 MAXs per month in 2017. Spirit supplies 70 percent of the 737 airframe, including the fuselage, thrust reverser, engine pylons, nacelles, and wing leading edges.[31]
A new spar-assembly line with robotic drilling machines should increase throughput by 33 percent. The Electroimpact automated panel assembly line sped up the wing lower-skin assembly by 35 percent.[32] Boeing plans to increase its 737 MAX monthly production rate from 42 planes in 2017 to 57 planes by 2019.[33]
The rate increase strains the production and by August 2018, over 40 unfinished jets were parked in Renton, awaiting parts or engine installation, as CFM engines and Spirit fuselages were delivered late.[34] After parked airplanes peaked at 53 at the beginning of September, Boeing reduced this by nine the following month, as deliveries rose to 61 from 29 in July and 48 in August.[35]
In collaboration with Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China Ltd., Boeing has built a completion and delivery facility for the 737 MAX in Zhoushan, China.[36][37] This facility initially handles interior finishing only, but will subsequently be expanded to include paintwork. The first aircraft was delivered from the facility to Air China on December 15, 2018.[38]
Flight testing

The first flight took place on January 29, 2016, nearly 49 years after the maiden flight of the 737, a 737-100, on April 9, 1967.[1] The first Max 8, 1A001, was used for aerodynamic trials: flutter testing, stability and control, and takeoff performance-data verification, before it was modified for an operator and delivered. 1A002 was used for performance and engine testing: climb and landing performance, crosswind, noise, cold weather, high altitude, fuel burn and water-ingestion. Aircraft systems including autoland were tested with 1A003. 1A004, with an airliner layout, flew function-and-reliability certification for 300h with a light flight-test instrumentation.[39]
The 737 MAX gained FAA certification on March 8, 2017.[8] It was approved by the EASA on March 27, 2017.[40] After completing 2,000 test flight hours and 180-minute ETOPS testing requiring 3,000 simulated flight cycles in April 2017, CFM International notified Boeing of a possible manufacturing quality issue with low pressure turbine (LPT) discs in LEAP-1B engines.[41] Boeing suspended 737 MAX flights on May 4,[9] and resumed flights on May 12.[42]
Introduction

The Boeing 737 MAX 8 entered service with Lion Air's subsidiaries Malindo Air/Batik Air

The first delivery was a MAX 8, handed over to Malindo Air (a subsidiary of Lion Air) on May 16, 2017; it entered service on May 22.[2] Norwegian Air subsidiary Norwegian Air International was the second airline to put a 737 MAX into service, when it performed its first transatlantic flight with a MAX 8 named Sir Freddie Laker on July 15, 2017 between Edinburgh Airport in Scotland and Hartford International Airport in the US state of Connecticut, followed by a second rotation from Edinburgh to Stewart Airport, New York.[43]
Boeing aims to match the 99.7% dispatch reliability of the NG.[44] Southwest Airlines, the launch customer, took delivery of its first 737 MAX on August 29, 2017.[45] Boeing plans to deliver at least 50 to 75 aircraft in 2017, 10–15% of the more than 500 737s to be delivered in the year.[9]
After one year of service, 130 have been delivered to 28 customers, logging over 41,000 flights in 118,000 hours and flying over 6.5 million passengers. flydubai observed 15% more efficiency than the NG, more than the 14% promised, and dependability reached 99.4%. Long routes include 24 over 2,500 nmi (4,630 km), including a daily Aerolineas Argentinas service from Buenos Aires to Punta Cana over 3,252 nmi (6,023 km).[46]
Design

In summer of 2011, the objective was to match the A320neo 15% fuel burn advantage, but the initial reduction was 10–12%; it was later enhanced to 14.5%: the fan was widened from 61 inches to 69.4 inches by raising the nose gear and placing the engine higher and forward, the split winglet added 1–1.5%, a relofted tail cone 1% more and electronically controlling the bleed air system improves efficiency.[47]
Engines

LEAP mockup

Nacelle with chevrons for noise reduction

Main article: CFM International LEAP

In 2011, the Leap-1B was initially 10–12% more efficient than the previous 156 cm (61 in) CFM56-7B of the 737NG.[48] The 18-blade, woven carbon-fiber fan enables a 9:1 bypass ratio (up from 5.1:1 with the previous 24-blade titanium fan) for a 40% smaller noise footprint.[26] The CFM56 bypass ranges from 5.1:1 to 5.5:1.[49] The two-shaft design has a low-pressure section comprising the fan and three booster stages driven by five axial turbine stages and a high-pressure section with a 10-stage axial compressor driven by a two-stage turbine.[26] The 41:1 overall pressure ratio, increased from 28:1, and advanced hot-section materials enabling higher operating temperatures permit a 15% reduction in thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC) along with 20% lower carbon emissions, 50% lower nitrogen-oxide emissions, though each engine weighs 849 lb (385 kg) more at 6,129 lb (2,780 kg).[26]
In August 2011, Boeing had to choose between 66 in (168 cm) or 68 in (173 cm) fan diameters necessitating few landing gear changes to maintain a 17 in (43 cm) ground clearance beneath the new engines; Boeing Commercial Airplanes chief executive officer Jim Albaugh stated "with a bigger fan you get more efficiency because of the bypass ratio [but also] more weight and more drag", with more airframe changes.[50] The smaller Leap-1B engine will weigh less and have a lower frontal area but a lower bypass ratio leading to a higher thrust specific fuel consumption than the 78 in (200 cm) Leap-1A of the A320neo.[citation needed]
In November 2011, Boeing selected the larger fan diameter, necessitating a 6–8 in (150–200 mm) longer nose landing gear.[51][52] In May 2012, Boeing further enlarged the fan to 69.4 in (176 cm), paired with a smaller engine core within minor design changes before the mid-2013 final configuration.[53]
The nacelle features chevrons for noise reduction like the 787.[54] A new bleed air digital regulator will improve its reliability.[55] The larger engine is cantilevered ahead of and slightly above the wing, and the laminar flow engine nacelle lipskin is a GKN Aerospace one-piece, spun-formed aluminum sheet inspired by the 787.[32]
Aerodynamic improvements

Boeing's new "split tip" winglet on the 737 MAX

The split tip wingtip device is designed to maximize lift while staying in the same ICAO Aerodrome Reference Code letter C gates as current 737s. It traces its design to the McDonnell Douglas MD-12 1990s twin-deck concept, proposed for similar gate restrictions before the Boeing merger.[56] It should deliver at least 1.5% improvements in fuel economy or even more if the proposed laminar flow surface treatment meets expectations. A MAX 8 with 162 passengers on a 3,000 nmi (5,600 km) mission will have up to a 1.8% better fuel burn than a blended-winglet-equipped aircraft and even 1% over 500 nmi (930 km) at Mach 0.79.[56]
The new winglet is 9 ft 6 in (2.90 m) high.[32] Other improvements include a re-contoured tail cone, revised auxiliary power unit inlet and exhaust, aft-body vortex generators removal and other small aerodynamic improvements.[26] Aviation Partners offers a similar "Split-Tip Scimitar" winglet for previous 737NGs.[57] It resembles a three-way hybrid between a blended winglet, wingtip fence, and raked wingtip.
Structural changes and other improvements

3-3 Economy Cabin

The 8 in (20 cm) taller nose-gear strut keeps the same 17 in (43 cm) ground clearance of the engine nacelles.[26] New struts and nacelles for the heavier engines add bulk, the main landing gear and supporting structure are beefier, and fuselage skins are thicker in some places for a 6,500 lb (2,900 kg) increase to the MAX 8's empty aircraft weight.[26] To preserve fuel and payload capacity, its maximum takeoff weight is 7,000 lb (3,200 kg) heavier.[26]
Rockwell Collins will supply four 15.1-inch (380 mm) landscape liquid crystal displays (LCD), as used on the 787 Dreamliner, to improve pilots' situational awareness and efficiency.[58] Boeing plans no major modifications for the 737 MAX flight deck, as it wants to maintain commonality with the 737 Next Generation family. Boeing Commercial Airplanes CEO Jim Albaugh said in 2011 that adding more fly-by-wire control systems would be "very minimal".[59] Most of the systems are carried from the 737NG for a short differences-training course to upgrade flight crews.[26]
The 737 MAX extended spoilers are fly-by-wire controlled.[32] As production standard, the 737 MAX will feature the Boeing Sky Interior with overhead bins and LED lighting based on the Boeing 787's interior.[60]
Variants

The 737-700, -800 and -900ER, the most widespread versions of the previous 737NG,[10] are replaced by the 737 MAX 7, MAX 8 and MAX 9, respectively[61] (FAA type certificate: 737-7, -8, and -9[8]). The 737 MAX 8 entered service in May 2017,[2] and the MAX 9 entered service in March 2018.[62] The MAX 7 is expected to enter service in January 2019, followed by the MAX 200 later in 2019, and the MAX 10 in 2020.[63]
Boeing forecasts that 60–65% of demand for the airliner will be for the 737 MAX 8 variant, 20–25% for the MAX 9 and MAX 10, and 10% for the MAX 7.[64]
737 MAX 7

737 MAX 7 at Farnborough Airshow

Originally based on the 737-700, Boeing announced the redesign of the MAX 7 derived from the MAX 8 at the July 2016 Farnborough Air Show, accommodating two more seat rows than the 737-700 for 138 seats, up 12 seats.[65][66] The redesign uses the 737-8 wing and landing gear; a pair of overwing exits rather than the single-door configuration; a 46-inch longer aft fuselage and a 30-inch longer forward fuselage; structural re-gauging and strengthening; and systems and interior modifications to accommodate the longer length.[67] It is to fly 1,000 nmi (1,900 km) farther than the -700 with 18% lower fuel costs per seat. Boeing predicts the MAX 7 to carry 12 more passengers 400 nmi (740 km) farther than A319neo with 7% lower operating costs per seat.[68] Boeing plans to improve its range from 3,850 nmi (4,430 mi; 7,130 km) to 3,915 nmi (4,505 mi; 7,251 km) after 2021.[69]
Production on the first 65 ft (19.8 m) long wing spar for the 737-7 began in October 2017.[63] Assembly of the first flight-test aircraft began on November 22, 2017[70] and was rolled out of the factory on February 5, 2018.[71] The MAX 7 took off for its first flight on March 16, 2018 from the factory in Renton, Washington and flew for three hours over Washington state.[72] It reached 250 kn (460 km/h) and 25,000 ft (7,600 m), performed a low approach, systems checks and an inflight engine restart, and landed in Moses Lake, Washington, Boeing's flight test center.[73]
Entry into service with launch operator Southwest Airlines was expected in January 2019,[63] but the airline deferred these orders until 2023-2024.[74] Entry into service with WestJet is to follow 5 deliveries of five airplane expected in 2019.[75] Customers for the aircraft include Southwest Airlines (30), WestJet (23), Canada Jetlines (5) and ILFC Aviation (5).[10] The MAX 7 seems to have fewer than 100 orders among over 4,300 MAX total sales.[68]
737 MAX 8

A top view of the MAX 8 showing double overwing exits

The first variant developed in the 737 MAX series, the MAX 8 will replace the 737-800 with a longer fuselage than the MAX 7. Boeing plans to improve its range from 3,515 nmi (4,045 mi; 6,510 km) to 3,610 nmi (4,150 mi; 6,690 km) after 2021.[69] On July 23, 2013, Boeing completed the firm configuration for the 737 MAX 8.[76] The MAX 8 has a lower empty weight and higher maximum takeoff weight than the A320neo and in cruise at 140,500 lb (63,700 kg), it burns 4,460 lb (2,020 kg) per hour at Mach 0.78 (450 kn; 833 km/h) and FL350, at a suboptimal flight level and forward center of mass.[26]
The Boeing 737 MAX 8 completed its first flight testing in La Paz, Bolivia. The 13,300-foot altitude at El Alto International Airport tested the MAX’s capability to take off and land at high altitudes.[77] Its first commercial flight was operated by Malindo Air on May 22, 2017 between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore as Flight OD803.[2] In early 2017, a new -8 was valued at $52.85 million, rising to below $54.5 million by mid 2018.[78]
In October 2018, after the Lion Air crash, the FAA sent out an emergency airworthiness directive to carriers and pilots in training on the 737 MAX 8 "to disengage the aircraft's automated controls if there are anomalies".[12]
737 MAX 200

In September 2014, Boeing launched a high-density version of the 737 MAX 8, the 737 MAX 200, named for seating for up to 200 passengers in a single-class high-density configuration with slimline seats; an extra exit door is required because of the higher passenger capacity. Boeing states that this version will be 20% more cost efficient per seat than current 737 models, and will be the most efficient narrow-body on the market when delivered, including 5% lower operating costs than the 737 MAX 8.[79][80] Three of eight galley trolleys are removed to accommodate more passenger space.[81] A 100 aircraft order with Ryanair was completed on December 1, 2014.[82]
In mid-November 2018, the first of the 135 ordered by Ryanair rolled out with an additional set of exit doors.[83] It was first flown from Renton on January 13, 2019,[84] and is due to enter service in April 2019. Ryanair expects to receive four further MAX 200s in 2019.[85]
Proposed 737-8 ERX

Airlines have been shown a 737-8ERX concept based on the 737 MAX 8 with a higher 194,700 lb (88.3 t) maximum take-off weight using wings, landing gear and central section from the MAX 9 to provide a longer range of 4,000 nautical miles (4,600 mi; 7,400 km) with seating for 150, closer to the Airbus A321LR.[86]
737 MAX 9

737 MAX 9 first flight on April 13, 2017

The MAX 9 was first delivered to Thai Lion Air on March 21, 2018

The 737 MAX 9 will replace the 737-900 and has a longer fuselage than the MAX 8. Boeing plans to improve its range from 3,510 nmi (4,040 mi; 6,500 km) to 3,605 nmi (4,149 mi; 6,676 km) after 2021.[69] Lion Air is the launch customer with an order for 201 in February 2012.[32] It made its roll-out on March 7 and first flight on April 13, 2017;[87] it took off from Renton Municipal Airport and landed at Boeing Field after a 2 hr 42 min flight.[88] It was presented at the 2017 Paris Air Show.[89]
Boeing 737-9 flight tests were scheduled to run through 2017, with 30% of the -8 tests repeated; aircraft 1D001 was used for autoland, avionics, flutter, and mostly stability-and-control trials, while 1D002 was used for environment control system testing.[39] It was certified by February 2018.[90] Asian low-cost carrier Lion Air Group took delivery of the first on March 21, 2018 before entering service with Thai Lion Air.[62] As the competing A321neo attracts more orders, the value of 737-9 is the same as a 2018 737-8 at $53 million.[91]
737 MAX 10

737 MAX 10 rendering

To compete with the Airbus A321neo, loyal customers such as Korean Air and United Airlines pressed Boeing to develop a larger variant than the MAX 9 which Boeing revealed studies of in early 2016.[92] As the A321neo had outsold the MAX 9 five-to-one, the proposed MAX 10 included a larger engine, stronger wing, and telescoping landing gear in mid-2016.[93] In September 2016, it was reported that the variant would be simpler and lower-risk with a modest stretch of 6–7 ft (1.83–2.13 m) for a length of 143–144 ft (43.6–43.9 m), seating 12–18 more passengers for 192-198 in a dual-class layout or 226-232 for a single class, needing an uprated 31,000 lbf (140 kN) CFM LEAP-1B that could be available by 2019 or 2020 and would likely require a simple landing-gear modification to move the rotation point slightly aft.[94]
In October 2016, Boeing's board granted authority to offer the stretched variant with two extra fuselage sections forward and aft with a 3,100 nautical miles (3,600 mi; 5,700 km) range reduced from 3,300 nautical miles (3,800 mi; 6,100 km) of the -9.[92] In early 2017, Boeing showed a 66 in (1.7 m) stretch to 143 feet (44 m), enabling seating for 230 in a single class or 189 in two-class capacity, compared to 193 in two-class seating for the A321neo. The modest stretch of the MAX 10 enables the aircraft to retain the existing wing and CFM Leap 1B engine from the MAX 9 with a trailing-link main landing gear as the only major change.[95] Boeing 737 MAX Vice President and General Manager Keith Leverkuhn says the design has to be frozen in 2018 for a 2020 introduction.[92]
Boeing prospects 737-900 operators and 737 MAX 9 customers like United Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Alaska Airlines, Air Canada, Lion Air, and Chinese airlines will be interested in the new variant.[96] Boeing predicts a 5% lower trip cost and seat cost compared to the A321neo.[97] Air Lease Corporation wants it a year sooner; its CEO John Pleuger stated "It would have been better to get the first airplane in March 2019, but I don't think that's possible".[98] AerCap CEO Aengus Kelly is cautious and said the -9 and -10 "will cannibalize each other".[92]
As it progressed towards a telescopic semi-levered main landing gear like the 777 and 787-10, Boeing anticipated a launch at the June 2017 Paris Airshow for a total market of 1,000 airplanes.[99] Lion Air is a possible launch customer at this Air Show and United Airlines, Norwegian or Spicejet are cited as interested, but commitments could be conversions of existing orders rather than new sales.[100] Ryanair is expected to hold out for the best possible price before placing an order.[101]
The MAX 10 was launched on June 19, 2017 with 240 orders and commitments from more than ten customers.[102][103] United Airlines will be the largest 737 MAX 10 customer, converting 100 of their 161 orders for the MAX 9 into orders for the MAX 10.[104] Boeing ended the 2017 Paris Air Show with 361 orders and commitments, including 214 conversions, from 16 customers,[105] including 50 orders from Lion Air.[106]

MAX 10 model at ILA Berlin Air Show 2018

Its configuration was firmed up by February 2018.[107] Its modified landing gear will require additional flight-testing.[39] To fit the 9 in (23 cm) taller main landing gear in the same wheel well, at the lower end the semi-levered gear includes an additional shock absorber strut to keep the wheels on the ground as the aircraft rotates and move the pivot point aft, and at the upper end a shrinking, translating mechanical linkage enables it to be drawn in and shortened while being retracted, inspired from carrier aircraft designs. It weighs 5,500 lb (2,500 kg) less than the A321neo, which needs 7,000 lb (3,200 kg) more takeoff weight and 5,000 lb (2,300 kg) more thrust to fly the same mission.[108]
By summer 2018, the variant critical design review was done as it passed 70% of the detailed design. Assembly was underway with a first flight planned for late 2019. The landing gear design has a telescoping oleo-pneumatic strut with a down-swinging lever to permit a 9.5 in (24 cm) taller gear. Driven by the existing retraction system, a shrink-link mechanism at the top of the leg allows the existing wheel well to remain unchanged to preserve development costs.[109] Entry into service is slated for July 2020.[110]
Boeing Business Jet

The BBJ MAX 8 and BBJ MAX 9 are proposed business jets variants of the Boeing 737 MAX 8 and 9 with new CFM LEAP-1B engines and advanced winglets providing 13% better fuel burn than the Boeing Business Jet; the BBJ MAX 8 will have a 6,325 nmi (11,710 km) range and the BBJ MAX 9 a 6,255 nmi (11,580 km) range.[111] The BBJ MAX 7 was unveiled in October 2016 with a 7,000 nmi (12,960 km) range and 10% lower operating costs than the original BBJ while being larger.[112] The MAX BBJ 8 first flew on April 16, 2018, before delivery later the same year, and will have a range of 6,640 nmi (12,300 km) with an auxiliary fuel tank.[113]
Orders and deliveries

Main article: List of Boeing 737 MAX orders and deliveries

Initially, the customers for the 737 MAX were not disclosed, except for American Airlines. On November 17, 2011, Boeing released the names of two other customers – Lion Air and SMBC Aviation Capital. At that time, Boeing reported 700 commitments from 9 customers for the 737 MAX.[114][115] On December 13, 2011, Southwest Airlines ordered 150 737 MAX aircraft with 150 options.[116]
By December 2011, Boeing had 948 commitments and firm orders from 13 customers for the 737 MAX.[117] On September 8, 2014, Ryanair signed an agreement with Boeing to purchase up to 200 new Boeing 737 MAX 200 "gamechanger" aircraft—comprising 100 firm orders and 100 options.[118] In January 2017, aircraft leasing company GECAS ordered 75 more 737 MAX 8 airliners.[119]
As of January 2019, Boeing had 5,011 firm orders from 78 identified customers for the 737 MAX.[4] The top three identified airline customers for the 737 MAX are Southwest Airlines with 280 orders, flydubai with 251 orders, and Lion Air with 251 orders.[10] The first new series aircraft, a MAX 8, was delivered to Malindo Air on May 16, 2017.[9]
Boeing 737 MAX orders and deliveries
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total Orders1509086688614095307596941065,111Deliveries – – – – – – 7422620350

As of January 31, 2019[10]
Cumulative Boeing 737 MAX orders and deliveries

Orders

Deliveries

As of January 31, 2019[10]

Accidents and incidents

See also: 2019 Boeing 737 MAX groundings

On October 29, 2018, Lion Air Flight 610, a 737 MAX 8 registration PK-LQP, crashed into the Java Sea 13 minutes after take off from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, Jakarta, Indonesia. The flight was a scheduled domestic flight to Depati Amir Airport, Pangkal Pinang, Indonesia. All 189 onboard died. This was the first fatal aviation accident and first hull loss of a 737 MAX. The aircraft had been delivered to Lion Air just two months before.[120][121] Following the Lion Air crash, Boeing issued an operational manual guidance, advising airlines how to address erroneous cockpit readings. The accident is under investigation,[122] with the final report expected to be released between August and September 2019.[123]

On March 10, 2019, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302, a 737 MAX 8 registration ET-AVJ, crashed approximately six minutes after takeoff from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,[124] on a scheduled flight to Nairobi, Kenya,[125] killing all 149 passengers and 8 crew members on board. The aircraft was only four months old at the time.[126] The cause of the crash is unclear as of March 10, 2019, though the aircraft's vertical speed after takeoff was reported to be unstable.[127] The 737 MAX's Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS), implicated for faulty angle-of-attack readings in the preliminary report into the Lion Air accident,[128] came under renewed scrutiny due to the apparent similarity of the Ethiopian Airlines crash.[129][130]

On March 11, 2019, in response to the Lion Air and Ethiopian Airlines accidents, Indonesian, Ethiopian, Chinese, other regulatory agencies, and airlines suspended Boeing 737 MAX 8 operations, though other airlines continue to operate the type.[131]
Specifications
737 MAX Characteristics[132]
Variant737 MAX 7737 MAX 8 / MAX 200737 MAX 9737 MAX 10[133] Seating 153 (8J + 145Y) to 172 max 178 (12J + 166Y) to 200 max 193 (16J + 177Y) to 220 max 204 (16J + 188Y) to 230 max Seat pitch 28–29 in (71–74 cm) in high density, 29–30 in (74–76 cm) in economy, 36 in (91 cm) in business Cargo capacity 1,139 cu.ft / 32.3 m³ 1,540 cu.ft / 43.6 m³ 1,811 cu.ft / 51.3 m³ 1,961 cu.ft / 55.5 m³ Length 116 ft 8 in / 35.56 m 129 ft 6 in / 39.47 m 138 ft 2 in / 42.11 m 143 ft 8 in / 43.8 m Wing 117 ft 10 in / 35.92 m span, 1,370 sq ft (127 m2) area[8]Overall height[134] 40 ft 4 in / 12.3 m MTOW 177,000 lb / 80,286 kg 181,200 lb / 82,191 kg 194,700 lb / 88,314 kg 197,900 lb / 89,765 kg Maximum Payload 46,040 lb / 20,882 kg OEW [135] 99,360 lb / 45,070 kg Fuel capacity 6,820 USgal / 25,816 L - 45,694 lb / 20,730 kg (no ACT)[a]Engine (× 2) CFM International LEAP-1B, 69 in (175 cm) Fan diameter,[136] 26,786–29,317 lbf (119–130 kN)[8]Cruising speed Mach 0.79 (453 kn; 839 km/h)[137]Range[138] 3,850 nmi / 7,130 km 3,550 nmi / 6,570 kmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_737_MAX#cite_note-141 3,550 nmi / 6,570 km[c] 3,300 nmi / 6,110 km[c]Ceiling 41,000 ft (12,000 m)[8]Takeoff (ISA, SL, MTOW) 8,300 ft (2,500 m) 8,500 ft (2,600 m) Landing (SL, MLW) 5,000 ft (1,500 m) 5,500 ft (1,700 m) ICAO Type[140] B37M B38M B39M B3JM
See also

Aviation portal

Competition between Airbus and Boeing

Related development

Boeing 737 Next Generation

Boeing Business Jet

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

Airbus A220-300

Airbus A320neo family

Comac C919

Irkut MC-21

Notes

Ang4MohTrump · Mar 12, 2019

Holly Might Chinese so POWERFUL in Nigger-land! Within 2 Days only! The Chinese found the blackbox after DIGGING DEPTH of 20 meters below surface! Chow Ang Moh searched years can not find MH-370! Chinese are building railways in Niggerland, and there were 8 Chinese on board including HK and tourists, one Chinese was related to the railway project, so Chinese Railway helped to dig up the last missing blackbox from 20m below ground.

https://news.sina.com.cn/w/2019-03-12/doc-ihsxncvh1789985.shtml

埃航客机最后6分钟状态曝光飞机在农田撞出深坑

2019年03月12日 08:56 中国青年报

1,232

原标题：埃航客机最后6分钟状态曝光！飞机在农田撞出深坑，黑匣子已找到…
3月10日，埃塞俄比亚航空一架波音737-Max坠机一事牵动人心。据官方公布的消息，飞机的黑匣子已找到，各方都在等待调查结果。更让人揪心的还有这个……
据前方救援人员透露，昨日失事的埃塞俄比亚航空ET302次航班黑匣子已找到，已由埃塞航空工作人员带回检测。

随后，埃塞俄比亚航空在其社交媒体上证实，失事客机的黑匣子已被找到。

据央视消息，两个黑匣子其中之一发现于搜索检查过的废品堆中，另一个是由中资公司中铁七局工作人员在地下约20米处找到的。

3月10日，埃塞俄比亚航空一架波音737-8飞机发生坠机空难，这是继去年10月29日印尼狮航空难事故之后，波音737-8飞机发生的第2起空难。这次空难导致机上157人全部遇难，包括8名中国公民。

据航空公司公布的信息，罹难乘客和机组人员共来自35个国家，以及1名持联合国护照的人员，此外仍有7人的国籍情况没有公布。

除了8名中国公民外，此次空难事故的遇难者中还包括了医生、教授、作家、法律系学生，以及诸多从事国际人道主义事业的年轻生命。

救援队：飞机在农田撞出数米深坑

3月11日，新华社记者在现场看到，来自埃塞航空公司以及军队、医疗部门组成的救援人员已经封锁现场，救援人员还在搜集飞机坠毁后四处散落的碎片。一些来自周边村庄的村民把在附近发现的飞机残骸碎片交给了救援人员。遇难者的遗体目前已经运离现场。

一名叫特斯法耶的村民告诉记者：“（当时）我听到了巨大的爆炸声，我的房子发生震动，我和家人慌忙跑到了屋外。后来我们知道飞机坠毁了，事故地点还冒着烟和火。”

在附近从事高速公路修建工作的中铁七局员工派出人员和机械设备前往事故现场参加救援。“当地时间下午3点半左右我们到达现场，看到飞机在农田里撞出了一个数米深坑。飞机应该是头部朝下撞击地面，在撞击地面后已经完全变成零散碎片，根本找不到较大的飞机残骸。”中铁七局海外公司埃塞俄比亚地区党总支书记王光辉说。

在埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴附近，人们聚集在坠机现场供图/视觉中国

埃塞航空公司首席执行官格布马里亚姆在新闻发布会上介绍，现在推测事故原因还为时尚早。他说：“埃塞航空公司将会与飞机制造商、埃塞民航局以及其他相关组织在内的所有利益相关方合作，进一步调查事故原因，在确定原因后会向外界发布信息。”

事发后，联合国和多个国家就客机失事表示哀悼和慰问。

事故原因究竟为何？飞行员的最后请求让人揪心……

随着调查的展开，飞机坠毁前的最后状态同样引发关注，而据报道，飞行员在坠机前，曾做出一个请求。

埃塞俄比亚航空公司首席执行官格布马里亚姆在当天的新闻发布会上对记者说，刚坠毁的埃航302航班起飞后，飞行员曾报告遇到困难，要求返回。根据空中交通管制员的记录，他获准返回。

只是，在未来得及返航前，悲剧就发生了，该飞机机头朝下插进入地面坠毁。

格布马里亚姆还说，这是该航司的高级飞行员，飞行了8000多个小时，有“出色的飞行记录”。这架飞机此前刚从南非出发抵达亚的斯亚贝巴，在博乐国际机场地面停留超过三个小时，格布马里亚姆还表示，起飞前的例行维修检查没有发现任何问题，目前，他们还没有确定坠机原因。

他告诉记者：“现阶段，我们不能排除任何可能性。我们也不能把原因归咎于任何事情，因为我们必须遵守国际规定，等待调查。”

相关专家也表示，现在确定原因还为时过早。目前黑匣子已经找到，各方都在等待调查结果。

另外有报道指出，埃航302坠毁前遭遇的问题，的确与去年10月印尼狮航的坠毁情况有些相似。

报道称，这架失事的航班起飞一分半钟后，飞机开始因不明原因下降了将近一分钟，然后才再次爬升。这段时间内，飞机持续加速，速度远远超过了飞机起飞阶段正常的速度。三分钟后，飞机坠毁。

而去年坠机的印尼狮航也有相似的遭遇。

2018年11月28日，印尼公布根据黑匣子得出的初步调查报告，披露10月29日造成189人遇难的印尼狮航坠机事件细节。

在11分钟的飞行中，飞机的机头自动下垂二十多次，飞行员一直在与出问题的飞机作斗争，将机头拉高，但这场“人机互斗”最终以坠海为结局。

美国波音11日发布最新声明：波音公司对埃塞俄比亚航空302航班上乘客和机组的离世深表悲痛。我们对机上乘客和机组的亲友表示真诚慰问，并做好准备支持埃塞俄比亚航空团队。一支波音技术团队将前往坠机地点，在埃塞俄比亚事故调查局和美国国家运输安全委员会指导下提供技术协助。

愿逝者安息，也希望早日公布调查结果。

中国青年报（ID：zqbcyol 整理：张小松）综合自央视新闻、新华社、观察者网（guanchacn）、中国新闻社、民航资源网、澎湃新闻等。

点击进入专题：
埃塞俄比亚航空一架客机坠毁机上载157人

责任编辑：赵明

The last 6 minutes of the Air Canada passenger plane was exposed. The plane crashed into the deep pit in the farmland.

March 12, 2019 08:56 China Youth Daily

1,232

Original title: The last 6 minutes of the Ethiopian airliner state exposure! The plane crashed into the pit in the farmland, the black box has been found...

On March 10th, the Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 737-Max crashed. According to official announcements, the aircraft’s black box has been found and all parties are waiting for the results of the investigation. Even more heart-wrenching is this...

According to rescuers in front, the black box of the Ethiopian Airlines ET302 flight that was wrecked yesterday was found and was taken back by the Ethiopian aviation staff.

Subsequently, Ethiopian Airlines confirmed on its social media that the black box of the crashed airliner had been found.

According to CCTV, one of the two black boxes was found in the searched waste pile, and the other was found by a Chinese company, the China Railway Seventh Bureau staff, about 20 meters underground.

On March 10th, a Boeing 737-8 aircraft crashed into Ethiopian Airlines. This was the second air disaster in the Boeing 737-8 aircraft following the October 29th Indonesian Lion Air accident. The air crash caused all 157 people on board to die, including eight Chinese citizens.

According to information released by the airlines, the victims and crew were from 35 countries and one person with a United Nations passport. In addition, the nationality of 7 people was not announced.

In addition to the eight Chinese citizens, the victims of the crash also included doctors, professors, writers, law students, and many young people engaged in international humanitarian affairs.

Rescue team: The plane crashed a few meters deep in the farmland

On March 11, Xinhua News Agency reporters saw on the scene that rescuers from Ethiopian Airlines and the military and medical departments had blocked the scene, and rescuers were still collecting debris scattered around the plane after the crash. Some villagers from the surrounding villages handed the debris of the wreckage found nearby to the rescuers. The remains of the victims have now been removed from the scene.

A villager named Tesfaye told reporters: "(At the time) I heard a huge explosion, my house was shaking, and my family and I hurriedly ran outside. Later we knew that the plane crashed and the accident site was still braving. Smoke and fire."

The staff of the China Railway Seventh Bureau, which is engaged in highway construction work nearby, dispatched personnel and mechanical equipment to the scene of the accident to participate in the rescue. "At about 3:30 pm local time, we arrived at the scene and saw the plane crashing into a few meters deep pit in the farmland. The plane should be head-down and hit the ground. After hitting the ground, it has completely become scattered debris. Less than the wreckage of the larger aircraft," said Wang Guanghui, secretary of the Party branch of the Ethiopian regional branch of the China Railway Seventh Bureau.

In the Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa, people gathered at the crash site. Photo/Visual China near the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa, people gathered at the crash site Photo/Visual China

Ethiopian CEO Geb Mariam introduced at the press conference that it is still too early to speculate on the cause of the accident. He said: "Esser Airlines will cooperate with all stakeholders, including aircraft manufacturers, Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority and other related organizations, to further investigate the cause of the accident and release information to the outside world after determining the cause."

After the incident, the United Nations and several countries expressed their condolences and condolences over the crash of the passenger plane.

What is the cause of the accident? The pilot’s last request was heartbreaking...

As the investigation unfolded, the final state before the plane crash also attracted attention, and it was reported that the pilot made a request before the crash.

Ethiopian Airlines CEO Geb Mariam told reporters at the press conference that the pilot had reported difficulties and asked to return after the flight of Air France Flight 302. According to the records of the air traffic controller, he was allowed to return.

However, the tragedy occurred before the return flight in the future, and the plane crashed into the ground and crashed into the ground.

Geb Mariam also said that this is a senior pilot of the airline, flying more than 8,000 hours and having an "excellent flight record." The plane had just arrived in Addis Ababa from South Africa and stayed at the Bole International Airport for more than three hours. Geb Mariam also said that the routine maintenance inspection before take-off did not reveal any problems. Currently, They have not yet determined the cause of the crash.

He told reporters: "At this stage, we cannot rule out any possibility. We cannot blame anything for anything because we must abide by international regulations and wait for an investigation."

Relevant experts also said that it is too early to determine the cause. The black box has been found and all parties are waiting for the results.

In addition, some reports pointed out that the problems encountered before the crash of Egypt Air 302 were indeed similar to the crash of Indonesian Lion Air in October last year.

According to the report, after the wrecked flight took off for a minute and a half, the plane began to drop for nearly a minute for unknown reasons before climbing again. During this time, the aircraft continued to accelerate, and the speed far exceeded the normal speed of the aircraft during the take-off phase. Three minutes later, the plane crashed.

The Indonesian Lion Air crashed last year has similar experiences.

On November 28, 2018, Indonesia announced a preliminary investigation report based on the black box, revealing the details of the Indonesian Lion Air crash that killed 189 people on October 29.

In the 11-minute flight, the nose of the aircraft automatically sagged more than 20 times. The pilot has been fighting the aircraft in question and pulling the nose high, but this "human-machine fighting" ended in the end. .

Boeing released the latest statement on the 11th: Boeing expressed deep sorrow over the death of passengers and crew on Flight 302 of Ethiopian Airlines. We express our sincere condolences to the passengers on board and the relatives and friends of the crew, and we are ready to support the Ethiopian aviation team. A Boeing technical team will travel to the crash site to provide technical assistance under the guidance of the Ethiopian Accident Investigation Bureau and the US National Transportation Safety Board.

I hope that the deceased will rest in peace and hope to announce the results of the investigation as soon as possible.

China Youth Daily (ID: zqbcyol finishing: Zhang Xiaosong) is integrated from CCTV News, Xinhua News Agency, Observer Network (guanchacn), China News Agency, Civil Aviation Resource Network, and News.

Click to enter the topic:
Ethiopian Airlines crashed a passenger plane with 157 people

Editor in charge: Zhao Ming

Ang4MohTrump · Mar 12, 2019

Boeing will get sued until pants drop!

https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2019-03-12/doc-ihsxncvh1744247.shtml

中国停飞波音737MAX8 损失该找波音赔吗？

中国停飞波音737MAX8 损失该找波音赔吗？

170

埃塞航空空难的新闻这两天刷了屏，包括8名同胞在内的乘客和机组人员全部遇难，实在令人痛心。
这次出事的机型又是波音737 MAX 8，跟去年10月印尼狮航发生坠海事故的是同款，都是运行不超过4个月的新飞机。相隔这么短的时间，作为全新机型的波音737 MAX 8掉了两架，这太不寻常了。两次事故是不是同样原因，是不是机型存在硬伤？
同款机型中国共有96架正在运营，比美国的还要多。有些人开始发布“保命教程：如何避免在国内坐到波音7M8”。
根据民航局通知，国内的同款机型已经全部被暂时停飞。中国是第一个这么做的国家，这显示了我们将安全置于一切之上。最新的消息显示，埃塞俄比亚、印尼也跟进，在国家层面上停飞了这一机型。
波音还能坐吗？
看到新闻，胆小的刀哥首先想到的是，波音飞机还能坐吗？
在讨论这个话题之前，我们先看看能不能每次都避免坐上波音公司的客机吧。
在中国，我们乘坐的大部分民航飞机都是空客或者波音的，很多人的经验是，似乎碰到波音比空客要多。
这个经验是对的。
有统计显示，截止2017年底，中国大陆共拥有公共运输类客货运飞机3273架，这些飞机来自6家制造商，波音1568架，占47.9%，空客1533架，占46.8%，波音略占优势。

空客A380（资料图）
在新订单数量和交付数量上，波音和空客各有输赢。2018年，波音交付了806架飞机，连续8年夺魁。订单数量上，空客压制了波音六年，2018年波音终于实现反超。
可以说，在全球航空市场上，空客和波音几乎各自占据半壁江山。这两家吃肉，其他制造商只能喝粥。
不过其实这也意味着，这两家公司客机的安全性都是极其可靠的。这也是这两次事故令人震惊的原因。

除了空客、波音，航司的选择不多，图为巴西航空工业E系列客机（资料图）
对于中国而言，和波音的合作也在持续深入，去年，波音舟山737完工和交付中心投入运营，预计以后每年可以交付100架飞机。
中国现在还是波音737的全球最大市场，有报道说，每3架最新型号的737，就有一架是给中国客户的。
看来坐波音飞机，实际上并无法避免，这就不是能不能坐的问题了，而是不得不坐。
专家告诉刀哥，因为这两次事故而排斥所有波音飞机，是没有必要的。衡量一个客机机型是否安全，不能光看它发生了几次事故。从总体上看，波音的很多机型都可谓“久经考验”。

MAX系列作为737的最新机型，与之前的737系列有很强的延展性，而总体上的安全性应该也可以延续，而现在看来，安全性的延续需要波音尽快找到两架飞机的失事原因并作出改进。
对于新款飞机遭遇的这些问题，有网友质疑，人命关天的事情，波音之前难道没有做好测试就上线了？
专家也就这个问题回复了刀哥，在正式上线之前，飞机会有大量的模拟测试、实际试飞等操作，但客机在正常使用时，还是和测试状态有些区别。

波音737驾驶模拟器
因为客机正常运营后，其使用环境、使用频率以及飞行员的使用习惯都不一样。
还有一点，一架民航机零部件规模在10万以上，这样大规模的零部件采购、软件匹配、插口对接，量产出货后，出现任何问题都有可能。
所以，有一些客机在试飞、测试阶段并没有暴露问题，但在新机上线初期故障却集中爆发。一般的经验是，随着该机型使用的逐渐成熟，故障率会逐渐下降。再接下来，等到这个产品进入后半周期时，故障率又会上升。
但这里所说的故障，并不都是指那种机毁人亡的惨烈场景，他们大多数时候是有惊无险的。波音目前面对的状况是，怎么反思和加快解决都不为过。
飞机有硬伤？
5个月内两摔，让人们迅速联系起印尼狮航的事故。

印尼狮航失事客机同款机型（资料图）
去年狮航事故后，美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）颁发的紧急适航令显示，一旦737 MAX 8的迎角传感器数据有误，下调机头的指令会被重复发出，导致飞机过度俯冲、严重的高度下降和触地，在这个过程中，飞行员很难通过手动方式把机头重新抬起来。这可能是狮航失事的原因。
很多人认为，这也是埃塞航空失事的原因，因为两次事故都发生在起飞不久后。
其实除了这次被爆出的737 MAX 8 机型，波音另一机型787近几年也故障不断，先是2013年爆发了锂电池爆炸事故、漏油事故等，当时一度造成日本等国的航空公司对787进行停飞处理。而这两年，787客机又被爆出发动机存在隐患。
这些小故障，在关键时候，都可能要命。

波音787客机（资料图）
令人诧异的是，波音公司至今仍无法确认导致这些问题的根本原因。
损失，波音会承担吗？
面对可能的飞机硬伤，中国率先作出了停飞的决定。但谁都知道，飞机在天上飞才能有收益，这一下，全国96架飞机要放在仓库积灰，还不知道什么时候可以重见天日，而这期间，还需要有维护等费用，这每一分每一秒都是重大损失！
那损失的这笔钱，究竟该谁来付呢？会是“负责任的大品牌”波音公司吗？

飞机摆在那儿，就是损失（资料图）
这很难说，我们可以看看过往的案例。
刀哥上面提到了波音787 机型锂电池问题停飞事件中，日本全日空航空就损失了14亿日圆，其他国家也有类似的损失。但赔偿方面，搜索新闻却只能找到，仅有波音赔了3300万美元给波兰航空公司的报道。
全日空则表示要就停飞的损失进行索赔，希望得到现金补偿，而不是波音公司给的购机折扣，但刀哥却没有找到事件的后续进展。不知是不是双方在私下里达成了协议。

看来想要波音来埋单这场停飞，并不容易。想要波音出钱的第一步，还是要看调查结果，如果事故原因是波音存在重大产品缺陷，那么中国航空企业作为MAX型号的买家，就有权利向波音提出赔付要求。
但如果埃塞航空事故是它自身原因，是人为或误操作等，那就不是波音的责任，波音当然也就不会为由它引发的停飞埋单。
停飞，得停多久？
从民航局发布的通知和各方信息来看，这场停飞可能不会短期结束。
民航局的通知说，“将联系美国联邦航空局和波音公司，在确认具备有效保障飞行安全的有关措施后，通知各运输航空公司恢复波音737-8飞机的商业运行。”

简单说，就是要确保十足的安全，才能重新飞。
民航局副局长李健对波音这一机型的问题有更为直白的判断，他认为目前问题很难解决，因为这一机型“出现的问题只有在自动驾驶状态可以解决，人工驾驶状态则来不及，再接自动驾驶也接不上。技术上有一些办法，但不能根本解决”。
调查结果也是一个牵制因素。对于飞机失事的调查，一般旷日持久，需要耗时一年半到两年。但在3个月左右时，调查组要给一个初步结论。届时，波音要拿出一个解决方案，让这款机型能够尽快复飞。
然而，这件事可能会有更多的枝节，狮航之前的事故具有单一偶发性，但埃塞航空空难的发生却让事情的性质发生了变化，如果真的是机型本身的大问题，想要复飞，需要的时间更长。

全球接收波音737MAX机型的客户，并不少见，737很适合短途旅行飞行。
如果飞机真有问题，波音公司需要拿出具体的重大修改方案，在硬件、软件等方面进行修复，相关MAX 8客机进行修改并经过测试后，才可以复飞。
这次停飞的96架飞机，影响超过10架飞机的有5家航司，分别为南航拥有的24架、国航的15架、海航的11架、上航的11架、厦航的10架，对这几家航司来说，停飞可能会对日常航班造成一定压力。

但它们也有应对之策，对大的航空公司来说，可以用其它机型来补充，比如今天就有不少原本MAX 8飞的航线，被波音737-800所替代，当然，也有航司用空客A320来替飞。
小航司则有些捉襟见肘，但他们也有两种方案，一是波音提供替代机型，二是去租其它的机型来维持航线。
百年老店波音的转折点？
作为一家百年老店，摔这一跟头，肯定很疼。

波音公司的历史已经近百年
有些人会觉得，这次事故会不会成为波音命运的转折点，让航空制造领域波音空客的两极格局慢慢转变为一超（空客）多强的情况。
这种判断可能为时过早。百年老店自有自己家大业大、根基深厚的动因和背景，过去，波音也遇到过形形色色的危机，发现问题，并妥善解决后，就化解了。

刀哥之前提到，这款737 MAX 8，其实是之前737家族系列的升级版，在各方面都有延续性，那么，只要能发现原因，波音就一定能给出一个具体的修复方案，这就好比某个型号的汽车刹车系统出现问题，那么通过后续改进，这款汽车也不会出现很大问题。
对波音来说，它现在的最大忧虑，是这样的事故会影响市场对MAX 8这个全新机型的信心。MAX 8是波音一个持续畅销机型的改进款，波音把近些年几乎所有全新的技术都放在了这架飞机上，算是倾注心血、寄予厚望。
如果这两起坠机事故导致市场受挫，对它来说损失就太大了。

埃塞尔比亚航空的同款客机，但并非当事飞机。
早先，波音公司首席执行官丹尼斯•米伦伯格强调，该公司仍然相信737 Max是一款安全的飞机。但显然，公众和商业伙伴都需要更有说服力的东西。
所以，波音肯定会竭尽全力，力保修复这款机型，扭转当前的颓势，波音不会放任当下的危机成为自己命运的转折点。

波音在制造由碳纤维构成的787飞机机身。
说实话，空客波音两个霸主，长期以来在全球平分秋色，就是因为它们都表现出了非常强的克服问题和全球保障的能力，而安全性上，公允地说，波音、空客的情况并没有差太多。
肯定有人会对波音丧失信心，如果不想坐波音，那就尽量在买票的时候看好机型好了，尽量避免搭乘有问题的机型，毕竟这是个人选择。
坐飞机，怎么选？
刀哥就是一个会在买机票时看机型的人，因为怕死。
所以我时不时会关注一些航空公司、飞机机型的信息，自从狮航事故出了以后，了解原因之后，我就在买票的时候就尽量避开737 MAX 8这款机型了。
因为对波音787也有一些阴影，所以刀哥也尽量绕道，但这确实不容易做到，今年的元旦，刀哥还是妥协着坐了787 去了新加坡，这次是因为票价便宜。
其实要想挑选机型，不仅有时间成本，有时也会付出更多的花费，特别是一些国际航线，差一个机型，票价可能就差了上千甚至几千。
除了机型，很多人很挑航司，每年航空公司都会被排名，有服务的排名，有安全记录的排名，等等。如果真的介意，那一定好好看看，出行的时候要尽力排除那些安全记录不佳的航司。

2018年全球十大航空公司，图片来自香港经济日报
在中国国内坐飞机，刀哥是感觉最安全、最放心的。当下，最大的雷国家帮着给挖掉了，而中国民航系统已经创造了连续100个月无重大安全事故的国内记录，虽然这个记录后面也是险象环生，有去年国航副驾驶抽烟事件，还有川航去年机舱失压事件，好在有惊无险，最终没有极端事件发生。
这更多仰赖的是我们国家把飞行安全视为重中之重，航空人才的培养体系非健全，人才的素质也非常高。所以，如果你每次飞机出行都提心吊胆，不如就干脆选择国内的航司出行吧。
文：无影刀
来源：补壹刀

https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-03-12/doc-ihrfqzkc3150345.shtml

中国航空要求波音737MAX停飞美官方却对其很有信心

中国航空要求波音737MAX停飞美官方却对其很有信心

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3月12日，时代周刊报道，美国航空监管机构表示，他们对波音公司刚刚发生坠毁事故的737 Max喷气客机的安全性有信心。
该机型在不到五个月的时间里发生了两起有相似特征的致命坠机事故。

美国联邦航空管理局（Federal Aviation Administration，简称FAA）在一封电子邮件中表：：“FAA一直在评估和监督美国商用飞机的安全性能。如果我们发现一个影响安全的问题，FAA将立即采取适当行动。”
这一声明表明，美国监管机构无意立即停飞波音737 Max 8飞机。此前，中国曾决定要求中国航空公司暂停使用这架飞机。
周日，一架737 Max在埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴附近坠毁，造成157人死亡。

去年10月，一架狮航（Lion Air） 737 Max客机在印度尼西亚海岸附近坠入大海，原因被认为是一个波音没有向飞行员披露的自动控制系统在接收到传感器错误信号后，控制飞机俯冲而导致坠毁。
波音公司股价下跌5.3%，收于400.01美元，创下10月29日狮航坠机事件以来最大跌幅。
关于美国联邦航空局将会如何“继续向国际社会发出适航通知”，目前还不得而知。部分社交媒体言论称FAA这是一种“等等看”的态度。
这是FAA与全球其他航空监管机构就安全问题进行沟通的关键形式。任何涉及新认证飞机机型的事故，一旦出现未知的安全问题，调查人员和监管机构都会给予特别关注。美国国家运输安全委员会（National Transportation Safety Board）向埃塞俄比亚派出了一个由四名调查人员组成的调查小组，波音公司（Boeing）和美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）的其他人员也加入了调查队伍。根据一项联合国规程，美国国家运输安全委员会是这一调查的牵头机构。

美国交通部长赵小兰（Elaine Chao）周一在与记者的电话会议上就这一问题说，“我们非常关注目前发生的情况，我们正在非常仔细地监控情况，因为安全是我们的首要任务。”

西南航空公司（Southwest Airlines Co。）、美国航空集团（American Airlines Group Inc。）和联合大陆控股公司（United Continental Holdings Inc。）等美国航空公司继续使用737 Max。一些飞行员、乘务人员工会表达了担忧。代表美国航空公司员工的专业空乘协会（Association of Professional flight）主席洛里·巴萨尼（Lori Bassani）说，“我们确实有一些空乘人员表示，他们害怕乘坐737 Max。”到目前为止，还没有乘务员拒绝在这一飞机工作。
目前有100多架波音737 Max飞机已经在美国境外的国家停飞，约占全球已经交付的这一飞机数量的三分之一。

据美国银行（Bank of America Corp。）分析师爱泼斯坦（Ron Epstein）说，波音计划在未来12个月内生产558架Max 8。
在过去40年里，美国只有两种民航飞机被停飞。最近一次发生类似事件是在2013年1月，当时波音787梦幻客机发生了两起锂离子电池起火事故，导致短暂停飞。FAA在波音787第二次发生这种事件之后采取了停飞决定。（作者署名：空中世界加特林）

Https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2019-03-12/doc-ihsxncvh1744247.shtml

China's flight to the Boeing 737MAX8 loss to find Boeing compensation?

China's flight to the Boeing 737MAX8 loss to find Boeing compensation?

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The news of the Ethiopian air crash was screened in the past two days. It was really sad that all the passengers and crew including the eight compatriots were killed.

The model of the accident was Boeing 737 MAX 8, which was the same as the crash of the Indonesian Lion Air in October last year. It was a new aircraft that was running for less than four months. After so short, the Boeing 737 MAX 8 as a new model lost two, which is very unusual. Is it the same reason for two accidents, is there a serious injury to the model?

A total of 96 of the same models in China are in operation, more than the United States. Some people have begun to publish "Life-saving tutorial: how to avoid sitting in the Boeing 7M8 in the country."

According to the notice of the Civil Aviation Administration, all the domestic models of the same model have been temporarily suspended. China is the first country to do this, which shows that we put security on top of everything. The latest news shows that Ethiopia and Indonesia have followed suit and grounded this model at the national level.

Can Boeing still sit?

When I saw the news, the first thing that the timid knife brother thought was that the Boeing plane could still sit?

Before discussing this topic, let's take a look at whether you can avoid the Boeing airliner every time.

In China, most of the civil aircraft we take are Airbus or Boeing. Many people have experience that it seems that Boeing is more than Airbus.

This experience is correct.

Statistics show that as of the end of 2017, China has a total of 3,273 public transport passenger and cargo aircraft from six manufacturers, Boeing 1568, accounting for 47.9%, Airbus 1533, accounting for 46.8%, Boeing slightly dominated .

Airbus A380 (data map)

Boeing and Airbus each win or lose in the number of new orders and the number of deliveries. In 2018, Boeing delivered 806 aircraft and won the championship for eight consecutive years. In terms of the number of orders, Airbus suppressed Boeing for six years, and in 2018 Boeing finally achieved a go-ahead.

It can be said that in the global aviation market, Airbus and Boeing almost occupy half of each other. The two eat meat, other manufacturers can only drink porridge.

But in fact, this also means that the safety of the two companies' passenger aircraft is extremely reliable. This is also the reason why these two accidents are shocking.

In addition to Airbus and Boeing, there are not many choices for Air Division. The picture shows Embraer E-Series passenger aircraft (data map)

For China, cooperation with Boeing is also continuing. Last year, the Boeing Zhoushan 737 Completion and Delivery Center was put into operation, and it is expected that 100 aircraft will be delivered each year.

China is still the world's largest market for Boeing 737. It is reported that one of the three latest models of 737 is for Chinese customers.

It seems that sitting on a Boeing airplane is actually inevitable. This is not a problem of being able to sit, but having to sit.

Experts told Knife that it is not necessary to exclude all Boeing aircraft because of these two accidents. To measure the safety of a passenger aircraft model, it is not possible to see that it has occurred several times. In general, many of Boeing's models are "tested."

As the newest model of the 737, the MAX series has strong ductility with the previous 737 series, and the overall safety should continue. Now, the continuation of safety requires Boeing to find the crash of two planes as soon as possible. Reasons and improvements.

For these problems encountered by the new aircraft, some netizens questioned that the matter of human life, Boeing did not test it before it went online?

Experts also replied to the problem with this knife. Before the official launch, the aircraft will have a large number of simulation tests, actual test flights and other operations, but the passenger aircraft in normal use, it is still somewhat different from the test state.

Boeing 737 Driving Simulator

Because the passenger aircraft is operating normally, its use environment, frequency of use, and pilot usage habits are different.

Another point is that the size of a civil aircraft component is more than 100,000. Such large-scale parts procurement, software matching, socket docking, and mass production and shipment, any problems may occur.

Therefore, some passenger planes did not reveal problems during the test flight and test phase, but the initial failures occurred in the initial phase of the new aircraft. The general rule of thumb is that as the model matures, the failure rate will gradually decrease. Then, when the product enters the second half of the cycle, the failure rate will rise again.

But the faults mentioned here do not all refer to the tragic scenes of the destruction of the aircraft. Most of the time they are shocked. The current situation facing Boeing is that how to reflect and speed up the solution cannot be overemphasized.

Is the plane badly wounded?

Two falls within five months, allowing people to quickly contact the Indonesian Lion Air accident.

Indonesian Lion Air crashed passenger aircraft with the same model (data map)

After the Lion Air accident last year, the emergency airworthiness order issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) showed that once the 737 MAX 8's angle of attack sensor data was incorrect, the command to lower the nose would be repeated, causing the aircraft to over-subgress and severely. The height is lowered and the ground is touched. In this process, it is difficult for the pilot to manually lift the nose. This may be the reason for the wrath of Lion Air.

Many people believe that this is also the cause of the crash of Ethiopian Airlines, because both accidents occurred shortly after takeoff.

In fact, in addition to this 737 MAX 8 model, Boeing's other model 787 has also failed in recent years. First, a lithium battery explosion accident and oil spill occurred in 2013. At that time, it caused airlines in Japan and other countries. The 787 was grounded. In the past two years, the 787 passenger plane has been exposed to hidden dangers.

These glitches can be fatal at critical times.

Boeing 787 aircraft (data map)

Surprisingly, Boeing still cannot confirm the root cause of these problems.

Boeing will bear the loss?

In the face of possible aircraft injuries, China took the lead in making a decision to ground. But everyone knows that the plane can fly in the sky to make a profit. Under this time, 96 planes in the country should be placed in the warehouse to accumulate ash. I don’t know when it will be possible to see the sky again. During this period, there is still a need for maintenance and other expenses. Every second is a major loss!

Who should pay for the lost money? Will it be a "responsible big brand" Boeing company?

The plane is there, it is the loss (data map)

It's hard to say, we can look at the past cases.

Knife brother mentioned that the Boeing 787 lithium battery problem was grounded. Japan’s All Nippon Airways lost 1.4 billion yen, and other countries have similar losses. But in terms of compensation, search news can only be found, only Boeing lost $33 million to Polish Airlines.

ANA stated that it would make a claim for the loss of the grounding, and hoped to receive cash compensation instead of the purchase discount given by Boeing, but Knife did not find any follow-up of the incident. I do not know if the two sides reached an agreement in private.

It seems that it is not easy to want Boeing to pay for this stoppage. The first step in Boeing's money is to look at the results of the investigation. If the cause of the accident is Boeing's major product defect, then the Chinese aviation company, as a buyer of the MAX model, has the right to make claims to Boeing.

However, if the Ethiopian aviation accident is its own cause, artificial or mishandling, etc., it is not the responsibility of Boeing. Boeing will of course not pay for the grounding caused by it.

How long does it take to stop flying?

Judging from the notices issued by the Civil Aviation Administration and the information of the parties, this grounding may not end in the short term.

The Civil Aviation Authority’s notice stated that “the FAA and Boeing will be contacted to notify the transport airlines of the commercial operation of the Boeing 737-8 aircraft after confirming the relevant measures to ensure flight safety.”

Simply put, it is to ensure full security before you can fly again.

Li Jian, deputy director of the Civil Aviation Administration, has a more straightforward judgment on the problem of the Boeing model. He believes that the current problem is difficult to solve because the problem of this model can only be solved in the automatic driving state, the manual driving state. It’s too late to pick up the automatic driving. There are some technical methods, but they cannot be solved.”

The survey results are also a containment factor. The investigation of a plane crash is generally protracted and takes a year and a half to two years. But in about 3 months, the investigation team has to give a preliminary conclusion. At that time, Boeing will come up with a solution to make this model go back as soon as possible.

However, there may be more branches in this incident. The accident before the Lion Air has a single sporadicity, but the air disaster of the Ethiopian Airlines has changed the nature of the matter. If it is really a big problem of the model itself, It takes longer to get a go-around.

It is not uncommon for customers around the world to receive Boeing 737MAX models, the 737 is ideal for short-haul flights.

If the aircraft is really problematic, Boeing needs to come up with a specific major modification plan, repair in hardware, software, etc., and the relevant MAX 8 passenger aircraft can be modified after they have been tested and then can go around.

The 96 aircraft that were grounded, affecting more than 10 aircraft, have five aviation divisions, namely 24 of China Southern Airlines, 15 of Air China, 11 of Hainan Airlines, 11 of Shanghai Airlines, and 10 of Xiamen Airlines. For these airlines, grounding may put some pressure on daily flights.

But they also have countermeasures. For big airlines, they can be supplemented by other models. For example, today there are many original MAX 8 flying routes, which are replaced by Boeing 737-800. Of course, there are also airlines. Airbus A320 is coming to fly.

Xiaohang is somewhat stretched, but they also have two options. One is to provide an alternative model for Boeing, and the other is to rent other models to maintain the route.

What is the turning point of Boeing in the centuries-old shop?

As a century-old shop, it’s definitely a pain to fall.

Boeing’s history has been nearly a hundred years

Some people will think that this accident will become a turning point in Boeing's fate, and the bipolar pattern of Boeing Airbus in the aviation manufacturing field will gradually turn into a super (Airbus) situation.

This judgment may be too early. In the past, Boeing has encountered various crises and problems. After discovering the problems and properly solving them, the century-old shop has its own big cause and deep roots.

Knife brother mentioned that this 737 MAX 8, in fact, is an upgraded version of the previous 737 family series, and has continuity in all aspects, then, as long as the cause can be found, Boeing will certainly give a specific repair solution, this Just like a certain type of car brake system has problems, then through subsequent improvements, this car will not have a big problem.

For Boeing, its biggest worry now is that such an accident will affect the market's confidence in the new model of the MAX 8. The MAX 8 is an improved version of Boeing's best-selling model. Boeing puts almost all the new technology on the plane in recent years. It is a dedication and high hope.

If the two crashes caused the market to be frustrated, the loss would be too great for it.

The same passenger plane of Ethiopian Airlines, but not the plane.

Earlier, Boeing CEO Dennis Millenberg stressed that the company still believes that the 737 Max is a safe aircraft. But obviously, both the public and business partners need something more convincing.

Therefore, Boeing will definitely do its utmost to repair this model and reverse the current trend. Boeing will not let the current crisis become a turning point in its own destiny.

Boeing is manufacturing a 787 aircraft fuselage made of carbon fiber.

To be honest, the two overlords of Airbus Boeing have long been equally divided in the world because they have shown a very strong ability to overcome problems and global security, and in terms of security, it is fair to say that Boeing and Airbus are There is not much difference.

Certainly someone will lose confidence in Boeing. If you don't want to take Boeing, try to be optimistic about the model when you buy the ticket. Try to avoid the problematic model. After all, this is a personal choice.

How to choose by plane?

Knife is a person who will watch the model when buying a ticket, because he is afraid of death.

Therefore, I will pay attention to the information of some airlines and aircraft models from time to time. Since the Lion Air accident occurred, I understand the reason, I try to avoid the 737 MAX 8 when I buy the ticket.

Because there are some shadows on the Boeing 787, the knife brother also tries to detour, but it is not easy to do. On New Year's Day this year, the knife brother still compromised and took the 787 to Singapore, this time because the fare is cheap.

In fact, if you want to choose a model, you will not only have time and cost, but sometimes you will pay more. Especially for some international routes, if you have a different model, the fare may be thousands or even thousands.

In addition to the model, many people are very picky divisions, and airlines are ranked every year, with service rankings, safety record rankings, and so on. If you really mind, then you must take a good look at it. When you travel, try to eliminate those airlines with poor safety records.

Top 10 airlines in the world in 2018, pictures from Hong Kong Economic Times

Flying in China, the knife brother feels the safest and most assured. At the moment, the largest mine country has helped to dig it out, and the Chinese civil aviation system has created a domestic record of no major safety incidents for 100 consecutive months. Although this record is also dangerous, there is a case of Air China’s co-pilot smoking last year. Sichuan Airlines last year's cabin pressure loss incident, but fortunately no danger, and ultimately no extreme events.

This depends more on the importance of flight safety in our country. The training system for aviation talents is not perfect, and the quality of talents is also very high. Therefore, if you are worried about every time you fly, it is better to choose a domestic airliner.

Text: Shadowless knife

Source: boring knife

Https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-03-12/doc-ihrfqzkc3150345.shtml

China Airlines requires Boeing 737MAX to be grounded

China Airlines requires Boeing 737MAX to be grounded

49

On March 12, Time magazine reported that US aviation regulators said they were against Boeing

nkfnkfnkf · Mar 13, 2019

Video: Chinese Railway Company dug out both black boxes in 737 Max 8 crash site @ Nigger-land GVGT! clcik here:

http://video.sina.com.cn/p/mil/2019-03-12/detail-ihrfqzkc3264310.d.html

中企员工挖出埃塞航失事客机黑匣子看到同胞护照当场流泪

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春天来了你还想我吗[江苏泰州]
没想到这么远都有中国人
3月12日15:01举报赞32回复

小何同学要认真学习[湖南长沙]
为什么会掉入地下20米深啊
3月12日15:08举报赞12回复

用户6130089217[江苏扬州]
悲痛这才是对遇难者该有的态度啊

3月12日18:27举报赞5回复
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孟洁爱美丽[山西太原]
额
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今晚长夜漫漫[河北石家庄]
看样子不是一般的砸下来而是飞机高速冲向地面，这样能够确保无一生还？？
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上邪之道[安徽合肥]
同胞，一路走好

Order C-919 / CR-929 faster, price will soar! Long Q waiting list! Boeing 737-800 Max CRASHED AGAIN TODAY, 157 up lorry! like Lion Air, same jet!

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