Does Beijing impose Mandarin as the common language or is it a case of Imperial China forcing all conquered subjects to speak in Mandarin.
Does Beijing ban the use of ethnic language?
India operates a coalition govt unlike Communist Party in China, thus people cannot be threatened to abandon their mother tongue or there will be separatist movement emerging.
The answer to your first statement is Yes and No.
Beijing actively promotes the use of standard Mandarin and it is the official language of the country. Unlike in India where they tried but failed miserably and everyone end up speaking English in the end, in China, just about everyone should be able to understand Chinese since its taught in Schools.
As for Imperial China, As far as I know the Qing tried to implement Mandarin across the board but was not very successful but ultimately still use Mandarin for all official matters. PRC and ROC had better luck implementing it to the masses
On the 2nd question, as far as I know, Beijing doesn't ban or discourage the use of dialects locally, however all official matters are done in Mandarin. If you ever have the change to work in China, mostly the southern provinces(changes are in Shanghai), there is frequent use of local dialects in office when communicating with one another.
And dun believe in BS from the All-Mighty-U-Know-Who about mandarin being forced on the populace due to communism. He pull that out of his ass. Taiwan isn't a communist country but it also actively promoted mandarin, even more so then China
On the other hand in Taiwan, the government had a policy of promoting Standard Mandarin over the local languages, such as Taiwanese and Hakka. This policy was implemented rigidly when Standard Mandarin was the only language of instruction in schools, while English was offered as the compulsory second language. Since late 1990s, other languages have also been offered as a second language.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_spoken_languages#Political_issues
And to U-know-who, yes, I realize I'm totally out of point