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I always wonder about the Literature prize. Unlike the other science-based prize, how does one compare across languages? How does the Swede decide that a Chinese author deserves the prize?
Through translation of their works – be they Russian, German, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish - into a language, usually English, that the Nobel Committee can read and understand. These translations are usually done by native speakers and writers of the language to which the works are translated.
Interestingly, when Rabindranath Tagore became the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in 1913, it was for his English translations of his own Bengali writings. He was equally adept in both languages.
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