For the past 30 years, the Pearl River Delta — known as the world's factory floor — has been a major base for labor-intensive industries producing shoes, textiles, toys, sporting goods and other low-end goods.
But in recent years, the export-driven factories — many of them owned by Hong Kong and Taiwanese investors — have become less competitive as costs for labor, land, energy and raw materials have risen. China has been encouraging the low-end manufacturers to move to interior provinces, where costs are cheaper.
In recent months, as the economy has slowed amid waning global consumer demand, the government refused to help many of the struggling small- and medium-sized factories making shoes, toys and textiles, causing them to fold or relocate.
Last year, 62,400 enterprises and branches of companies closed in Guangdong, 4,739 more than in 2007, Huang Longyun, vice governor of Guangdong, told reporters at a briefing in Beijing on Thursday. Some 600,000 migrant workers left the region last year as factories closed and business slumped, he said.
National Development and Reform Commission Vice Chairman Du Ying added that the road ahead would be difficult. "It looks like that the further development of the whole Pearl River Delta area is facing grave challenges," he said at the Beijing briefing.
The closures of the low-end manufacturers will make room for high-end industries, especially carmakers, petrochemical firms and companies specializing in technology and services.