Liar Cantonese son of whore only you Cantonese are lazy and famous for being robber pirates while Hokkien traders are no choice but become smuggler due to stupid ban on sea trade by Ming and Qing government.
The Sea Bandit CHIEF Named GAN @ginfreely ancestor is the one she claimed 台湾 name related to. Is a historically registered PIRATE!
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閩南倭寇是
中國明代倭寇的一支，主要由
學老人（閩南人）所組成，活動於中國沿海、
日本、
台灣以及
東南亞。閩南倭寇的源起始於
李旦，並於
鄭芝龍擊敗李旦的其餘同黨後達到富可敵國的顛峰。
目录
源起
西元十至十三世紀，
中國處於
宋元時代，當時的位於
閩南的
泉州港是「世界最大貿易港」，
閩南人亦在此時為中國開啟了
海上絲綢之路，開始與
印度人、
波斯人和
阿拉伯人建立密切的海上貿易互動。
明代時，更幫助明帝國完成
鄭和下西洋的壯舉。
發展
消亡
後續
重要人物
相關條目
註解
參考書目
- 楊熾昌，〈倭寇、甲螺、顏思齊〉
- 湯錦台，《閩南海上帝國：閩南人與南海文明的興起》
- 湯錦台，《閩南人的海上世紀》
这是一篇與
历史或
歷史學相關的
小作品。你可以通过
编辑或修订扩充其内容。
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原创 “台湾”的称呼与闽南人颜思齐有关，海盗郑芝龙是他的副手！
2019-03-13 19:14
文/李铁《航海往事》
我国最早的文献上，把台湾称为“夷洲”。但隋朝以后，在长达1000多年的时间里，台湾都被称为“流求”、“留求”或“琉球”。明朝时称台湾为“东番”，直到明朝末期，正史才第一次有了“台湾”的称呼。
史书上，从“东番”到“台湾”的名称变化，有将近20年的间隔。在这段儿时间，“东番”岛上到底发生了什么事儿，才使之改为“台湾”呢?
据载，在这段时间，“东番”岛上还真的发生一件大事，那就是中国人第一次开始了对岛的大规模开发，闽南人颜思齐正是这次开发活动的领导者。
明朝末期，闽南人颜思齐到日本谋生，开始是当裁缝，为了增加收入，兼营海上贸易，一边做买卖一边抢，没过几年，就发了财。
颜思齐逐渐变得富有后，成了海盗头目。在此期间，他还结识了一些闽南老乡，其中有人把他介绍到日本平户，任命他当上了一个主管海上贸易的小官儿。
因日本政府不准他们的海盗行为，颜思齐等人的活动受限，于是密谋起事造反。但很不幸，这件事儿泄露了，日本德州幕府立即派兵抓捕他们。颜思齐一看形势不好，率众仓惶出逃。
逃跑时，他们分乘了13艘船。但没有目标，往哪跑，大家都说不好。回中国大陆肯定是不行，于是有人建议说“东番”挺好，没人管，还挺近，应该先去那里看看。颜思齐觉得有道理，于是，他就率船队在“东番”靠岸。他们靠岸的地方，应该就是现在的台湾北港。
颜思齐登陆之后，看到“东番”物产丰饶，土地肥沃，而且人烟非常稀少，确实很不错，就留了下来。那时，岛上只有一些原住民和少量的荷兰人。由于颜思齐的武装实力相对较强，刚刚上岛的荷兰人对他们也不敢轻举妄动。
上岛后，颜思齐便率领大家开始自力更生，修筑了不少栅寨和房屋。他当时规划的营寨是井字型，中间有个大高台，是整个营寨的中枢。同时，他把营寨分成10个部份，按照职能的不同，分别称为：主寨、前寨、后寨、左寨、右寨、海防寨、粮草寨、哨船寨、抚番寨和北寨。他把跟他一起来的人安置其中，还给他们都划定了土地。
但颜思齐的13艘船上，只有二三百人。由于受到当地土著和荷兰人的威胁，他感觉人还是有点少。于是颜思齐回到了大陆，在漳、泉两地招募没有土地的贫民，怕没有人来，他决定对愿意到“东番”的乡亲给予扶助。当时的标准是，1户1人的给银子二两，1户两人以上的给银子4两，超过3人的另给一头牛。有了利益驱动，当地人非常踊跃，颜思齐很快就招募了3000多人。
颜思齐让他们在“东番”种地、捕鱼和捕猎，没过几年年，这些人大多都站稳了脚跟，已经有几千户人家在那里安了家。这些人又吸引了不少漳、泉两地的乡亲赴“东番”垦殖，并将许多闽南习俗带到那里，拉开了台湾历史上第一次大规模开发的序幕。
随着他们人口增加，不少土著居民认为，自己受到外敌侵犯，常常聚族攻击。面对这种情况，颜思齐对土著居民采取了安抚政策，和他们商定了疆界，互不侵扰。一旦属下与土著人发生了冲突，也总是给土著人适当安抚或保护。不过，后来可能由于冲突日趋激烈，土著居民打不过他们，都迁徙去了其他地方。
在发展农业生产、开展海上贸易的同时，颜思齐还让下属建成了“井”字形街道，并在海湾岸边修筑楼台，设立公署，从那时起，“东番”岛上有了汉人最早的行政管理机构。由于这个公署有楼台，又恰好在海湾内，于是开始有人把这里叫为“台湾”。
颜思齐揭开了大规模垦殖台湾的序幕，虽然他在台湾只待5年，但其副手郑芝龙受到明朝招抚。崇祯初年，郑芝龙还是觉得缺人，又上大陆招人，有好几万漳、泉两地的饥民再次大规模移居台湾。而台湾土地肥沃，一年能收获三次，福建人去那里谋生的越来越多。现在台湾很多人讲闽南话、崇拜妈祖，也都是从那时开始的。
颜思齐登陆的地方如今已经是北港和新港两个繁华市镇。当地民众为纪念颜思齐，在北港建起了颜思齐登陆纪念碑，并在新港修建了“思齐阁”。
颜思齐到了以后，“东番”有了“台湾”的称呼。康熙年间，有个台湾的县令说到这件事时，也说：“海寇颜思齐踞有其地，始称台湾。”
但《台湾县志》认为，是荷兰人在北港修筑了台湾城，所以才有了“台湾”的称呼。清代张廷玉编写的《明史》受其影响，也说“台湾”之名是荷兰人首先叫起来的。其实，在荷兰人的书中，一直都把台湾叫“小琉球”，如果“台湾”之名真是缘于荷兰人，他们是不可能这样称呼的。
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李旦
（明朝末年海盗）
编辑 讨论
本词条缺少
概述图，补充相关内容使词条更完整，还能快速升级，赶紧来编辑吧！
李旦（？－1625年），福建泉州（今福建泉州）人。
天主教名Andrea Dittis，绰号为“Captain China”，一作“China Captain”（
中国船长）。17世纪中国东南沿海知名的海盗商人。拥有武装船队的他，在中国大陆、台湾，日本，东南亚等辐辏航线同时进行商业贸易与船只抢劫，传闻李旦为
郑芝龙义父。李旦儿子李国助，继承父业，也是当时著名大
海商。
本 名 李旦 别 称 天主教名Andrea Dittis；绰号为“Captain China”，一作“China Captain”（中国船长） 所处时代 明朝 民族族群 汉族 出生地 福建泉州（今福建泉州） 去世时间 1625年
目录
- 1 人物生平
- 2 相关内容
人物生平
编辑
李旦是著名的海盗，
闽南泉州人，16世纪末本于
菲律宾经商，因与西班牙统治者不合，转至日本
九州岛定居，成为当地华侨领袖。
李旦借由日本海盗集团帮助，筹组武装船队，于日本、中国大陆、台湾、东南亚间与荷兰、英国所经营船只从事国际贸易往来，
德川家康统一日本据说曾受李旦资助，除此，也从事海盗掠夺行为，因海上作风强悍，被西洋人取昵称为“Captain China”中国船长），或称甲必丹李旦。“
甲必丹”（
Captain）一词，为西班牙人统治
马尼拉时期，对汉人领袖的称呼。
相关内容
编辑
因为李旦与
颜思齐背景极为相似，部分史书与历史学者一度以为他就是颜思齐，不过已证实两者不为同人。
另外相传，
郑成功之父
郑芝龙曾投效他麾下，并为李旦之义子。在1624年爆发
澎湖之战，明朝派兵驱逐
荷兰东印度公司离开
澎湖，
荷兰人因此转至台湾，即是与中荷双方都熟悉的李旦亲至澎湖协调，通晓
闽南语、
南京官话、
日文、
荷兰文、西班牙文、葡萄牙文的语言专家郑芝龙担任居中语言翻译。 [1-2]
解读词条背后的知识
沧海一笑 历史作家，最佳小白段子手
华商风云录，东海巨鳄传奇海商李旦
说起李旦这个名字，可能很多人首先会想到的，是唐代的睿宗李旦。不过在明代，其实还有一个李旦，虽然他的名字在今天中国人的概念里非常模糊，但是他对整个东亚所带来的影响，却远远不亚于作为皇帝的唐睿宗李旦。那么这个明代的李旦究竟何等样人？他又有着怎样的历史呢。漫画《国姓爷来袭》中的...
2018-09-14
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参考资料
- 1. 李子迟．千年海盗：全球海盗两千年的诡谲史诗．重庆：重庆出版社，2009
- 2. 雪珥. 浪尖上的中华帝国:大明皇帝与海盗合作 重夺海洋发言权[N].中国经营报,2011 ,05,03.
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闽南倭寇首领郑芝龙开拓明末海上丝绸之路 雲山林
(2015-03-30 18:38:22)
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史海钩沉
有位台湾作家曾经感叹：“两千年来，中国人一直在修长城，认定自己的敌人来自于草原上，而事实上我们真正的敌人来自于海上。” 其实他说的并不全面，起码明朝末年的中国人，已经开始意识到海权的重要性，金门料罗湾海战就是明证。
金门料罗湾海战，又称崇祯明荷海战。当它爆发时，已在欧洲纵横无敌，有“海上马车夫”之称的荷兰人，已占领了台湾。他们甚至天真地以为，只要集中所有精锐海军压迫中国沿海，就可以迫使明政府妥协，并可垄断与明王朝的贸易特权。荷兰人横行闽浙沿海，拦截中国商船，甚至炮击闽浙沿海州县，袭击厦门等港口。
料罗湾海战
料罗湾海战是中国古代规模比较大的海战之一，也是明朝对欧洲殖民者的一次海战。明朝投入了战舰150多艘，其中有50艘装备了英国炮。而荷兰人拥有最强大的舰队，共动用了59艘船只，以及招抚的海盗船，其中包括十来艘最新式、带加农炮的铁甲巡洋舰，载有舰炮200门以上，在规模上完全不亚于鸦片战争。事实上，料罗湾海战绝对可算得上是东西方海上力量的大冲撞，荷兰人动用了自己在远东地区所有血本的舰队，但面对日薄西山的明王朝仍不能战而胜之。
两百多年后，当步尼德兰人后尘而来的不列颠人也以同样的方式，携舰炮从闽粤沿海直逼渤海湾时，他们惊奇地发现大清王朝官家的船只和武器，居然还不如两百多年前的明末闽南倭寇的郑芝龙，这不能不说是悲哀而又搞笑的事情。
郑氏舰队的壮大以及对西方殖民势力的打击，是中国人跳出大陆思维，开拓万里海疆的开端。
郑芝龙，福建泉州府南安人，年少时是个极品的花样美男。十八岁时，郑芝龙到澳门的舅父黄程处学习经商，并于澳门接受天主教洗礼，因此也被西洋人称作尼古拉·一官。郑芝龙往来东南亚各地，后到日本九州，因习剑术，结识并娶了泉州籍华侨翁翊皇的义女田川氏为妻，郑芝龙以当地华侨领袖的资格，晋谒日本幕府大将军德川家康。郑芝龙受幕府召见，被日本人视为光荣显赫人物。郑芝龙后来追随于日本的华侨大海寇商人李旦门下，认李旦为义父，逐渐深得李旦信任。
郑芝龙在妻子于日本平户岛产下儿子郑成功后，将事业重心自日本九州岛迁到台湾，归附“日本甲螺”（倭寇首领）漳州人颜思齐。颜思齐死后，郑芝龙集结闽南海盗首领，号称十八芝，拥有当时福建沿海实力最强大的武力及商业团队，领导海贼数万人，经营走私与劫掠事业，横行于台湾海峡。李旦去世后，其台湾的产业和士卒转归郑芝龙控制，厦门产业则落入李旦的结拜兄弟许心素的手里。
许心素是明末泉州海商的一号人物，李旦死后，许失去支持。许心素以两万两白银买通抗倭名将俞大猷的儿子俞咨皋，官居副总兵的俞咨皋任命许心素为水师把总，垄断了台湾海峡之间的蚕丝贸易。郑芝龙攻击了福建，斩杀许心素于厦门。郑芝龙消灭李旦余党后，取代李旦成为闽南倭寇的首领，达到富可倾国的颠峰。
事实上，倭寇的组成除了日本海盗外，大多数都是中国渔民、海盗及走私者，困于饥寒的闽浙粤沿海平民才是倭寇的真正主体。中国人占倭寇总数的七八成，日本人仅占倭寇总数的两三成。而且最大的倭寇首领清一色是衣冠楚楚的中国人，从嘉靖年间的浙东倭寇首领汪直，到崇祯年间的闽南倭寇首领李旦、颜思齐、郑芝龙也都是中国人。人们将其称之为倭寇，原因一是因为其根据地在琉球，临近日本，被中国民众普遍认为倭寇来自日本；二是中国海盗、走私者要隐藏身份，地方官员要逃避责任，来自倭国就变成了最好的借口。所以不管是日本海盗，还是中国渔民、海盗及走私者统统被明朝政府称为“倭寇”。
俗话说靠山吃山，靠海吃海。宋朝以来，东南沿海居民一直将出海贸易视为衣食之源，海商、水手、造船、修理、搬运加上种种服务，大海养活了几百万的沿海居民。福建有句俗语；海者，闽人之田，而明朝片板不许下海的海禁政策把当地居民的"田"给剥夺了，饭碗跟着也砸了。
特别是福建的闽南泉州、漳州地区一向是通商出海的发舶口，宋元时，闽南人开始与印度人、波斯人和阿拉伯人建立密切的海上贸易，亦在此时开启了海上丝绸之路。较早进入远东海上贸易的荷兰人也誉称闽南人为中国的“海上马车夫”，是17世纪中国的“世界主义者”。
然而到了明朝，政府不许贸易等于断了他们的生计。对茫然失所的闽浙沿海居民来说，要么忍饥挨饿，要么铤而走险进行海上走私。海禁对日本海商也很不利，明政府规定他们十年一贡，每次船不得超两艘、人员不得超二百。于是中日海商互相结合，中国走私商人转变为海寇商人，并勾结日本浪人和海商，明政府不让做海上贸易生意，他们就武装劫掠沿海地区，其中危害较大，持续较久的是嘉靖年间的浙东武装海商集团。
明朝政府不问清红皂白一律称他们为海盗、倭寇，也由此诞生了俞大猷、戚继光等抗倭名将。但求证于史实，他们从事的并不是一场抵御外患的战争，而是一场平定内乱的战争。
可见闽南倭寇大都不是什么寇，与浙东倭寇一样，无非都是争取贸易自由的商人而已，大都是泉州府晋江、南安和漳州府海澄等一带的渔民、走私者。在料罗湾海战中，由晋江、南安一带渔民组成的郑家水师有最优秀的水手，擅长海战，十分骁勇。
海禁政策直接导致中国退出海洋竞争，是近代中国积弱落后的的主因，几百年后的鸦片战争正是海禁造成的结果。尽管明朝政府海禁扼杀了民间航海贸易与拓疆的生机，但万幸的是汉族闽浙粤系的民众却主动向海洋发展，闽浙粤民间自发的海外贸易证明几千年来雄立东亚的民族尚未真正的走到绝境，内在的潜力与生气乃可从大海打开新的出路。
归顺明朝后的郑芝龙指挥的料罗湾海战是中国古代第一场，也可以说是唯一一次打败欧洲殖民者的大规模海战，而且还是唯一一次中国人打败欧洲殖民者，让欧洲人赔钱的战役。荷兰人在此战之后，每年交付郑之龙十二万两白银。但由于清朝和海峡两岸的史书对料罗湾海战的真相讳莫如深，以至于中国民众很少人知晓这场明代海军的经典之战。
金门料罗湾海战的胜利对中国海商集团具有重大意义。此役之后，荷兰人以武力打开通向大陆的努力宣告失败，从此退出福建沿海，台湾海峡成为郑氏舰队的内湖。晚明时期，几乎整个远东水域，马尼拉、澳门、厦门、日本各大港口之间所有的商船都悬挂是郑氏令旗的中国商船。在南海，郑家的货船畅通无阻，西方殖民者船队退却一旁，任其纵横，外国船必须向他缴税，插上郑氏旗号才能通行。福建、广东一地海域日趋平静，海外贸易日趋繁荣，无数华商在郑氏号召下耕耘于远东水域。在陆上丝绸之路绝迹之后，郑芝龙在东南沿海搭起了海上丝绸之路的桥梁。
如果用中原朝廷传统的农耕意识来评价，郑芝龙是逞凶斗狠、杀人掠货的大海盗、倭寇，如果从世界海洋大格局看，他是中华民族竞逐富强的真大英雄，是大航海时代东亚海域举足轻重的大人物。
郑芝龙海上国王全盛时期，控制了南沙、南洋等亚洲海域和贸易航线。这是中国几千年来，无论哪个皇帝、哪个朝代包括天朝都没做到的，尽管只是短短几十年，却是对中华民族前无古人后无来者的贡献。在海上丝绸之路重要中转站粤东南澳岛，至今保存着一件与海丝之路关系密切的文物郑芝龙石坊。这是表彰明朝南澳副总兵郑芝龙的大型石刻建筑体，不仅规模宏伟，雕刻精湛，极具欣赏价值。
中国很多人对海上丝绸之路了解并不多，也有误解，只知道郑和。其实郑和下西洋的作用并不像官方史书上宣扬的那么伟大，郑和下西洋不是贸易通商，又不许民间海商的船队跟随，根本不是为了经济利益，而是朝贡性质的航海行为，是为了宣扬国威，干的是赔本生意。而郑芝龙则开拓了明末民间海上丝绸之路，不仅开通了双赢互利的中外贸易海路，开创了闽南海上贸易疆域，而且掌控了东海、南海的制海权。
海上丝绸之路通向何方？以前我们并不清楚。但新加坡就是成功的例子。被迫独立后的新加坡国弱民穷，自己不产油，却利用从波斯湾通过马六甲海峡运过来的石油，建立了世界一流的炼油厂。今天，新加坡又想抓住这次商机，希望能够成为21世纪海上丝绸之路的中转、补给和维修的枢杻。
欧洲历史上，荷兰、西班牙、葡萄牙和英国四大海洋强国都是积极鼓励民间力量在海上冒险。海盗也好，商人也罢，等到他们为国家带来了黄金、土地等经济利益后，也就被国家合法化了。今日中国已成为世界工厂，更要有海洋权，结合“一路一带”战略，要更多考虑拓展。不能完全靠官方，必须鼓励民间力量去开拓，这对国家更好。国家必须考虑如何与民间商业力量合力应对国际间的海洋竞争。新海上丝绸之路是对几百年前历史的战略性重启，会为国家和民间商业力量带来合作共赢的机遇与商机。
我们曾经用过多的热情与想象去怀念郑和，对郑和关注太多。今天，应该多关注一下郑芝龙的郑氏集团。郑氏集团主宰亚洲海域霸权延续了将近50年，以武装力量来支持华商的海上商业活动。郑氏海上帝国时期是海外华商的黄金时代。
在郑氏武装海商集团退出海洋舞台后，散落在南洋的中国商人羡慕又嫉妒地看到了苏格兰商人的背后站着强大的英国，无敌的不列颠舰队，而这些南洋的华商背后不但没有站着强大的中国，更没有类似郑氏集团的武装力量来支持他们的商业活动。
纵观近现代闽南籍的南洋华商，比如泉州府同安的陈嘉庚，泉州府安溪的林梧桐、漳州府海澄的陈笃生等人，在南洋的经济领域所取得成功，成为当地的华商巨擘，并不是背后站着强大的中国，也没有类似郑氏集团的武装力量来支持他们的商业活动，而是英国人在南洋实行重商主义，建立稳定的政治秩序的结果。
中国自古对海洋就有恐惧感，历代政府也一直实行海禁。历史上唯一看到意外的例子是郑芝龙和其子郑成功。这个郑氏集团很有进取心，在明末“海上丝绸之路”的发展中，起过极大的促进作用。仅因郑氏集团的海盗、倭寇背景，史学界对他们的研究成果很少。
http://www.valeee.com/type2/29867091.html
闽南记忆:海贼王蔡牵及其藏宝口诀
鹭客社2018-12-23 22:31:51
鹭客社：守望共同的尘世故乡
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福鼎嵛山岛的渔民相信，蔡牵把所有的贵重财宝都给了妻子陪葬，埋在这座岛上，据说有盗墓者掘开坟墓，却只发现了一个刻着大大“宝”字的石碑，边上有谜语般的几行小字：“吾道向南北，东西藏地谷；大水密卖著，小水密三角；九坛十八缸，一缸连一缸；谁人能得到，铺路到连江。”
每个男孩都梦想过海盗生活。少年时读外国小说《金银岛》，我便迷上了海盗、冒险与寻宝的故事，我觉得十分遗憾，为什么中国就没有如此传奇的海盗呢？直到十几年前，开始探究明清海洋文化，我才为自己的无知哑然失笑：原来，中国有许许多多海盗故事，厦门就是他们活动的主要舞台。
明清时期的闽南出过无数江洋巨盗，距我们最近的一位大海盗是清嘉庆年间的蔡牵，同安县西柯镇西浦村新厝顶社人。
这位蔡牵非同小可，是清中叶纵横东南沿海的数十名海盗首领中最著名的一个。1809年，听到他的死讯，紫禁城里的嘉庆皇帝松了一口气，御批曰：“洋盗蔡牵一犯、原系闽省平民。在洋面肆逆十有余年。往来闽浙粤三省。扰害商旅。抗拒官兵。
甚至谋占台湾。率众攻城。伪称王号。不特商民受其荼毒。官兵多被伤亡。并戕及提镇大员。实属非大恶极。该逆一日不除。海洋一日不靖……”（《清仁宗实录》卷218）
海盗不一定要长得高大魁梧。据同时代人描述，蔡牵的相貌简直就是一个猥琐的土豪：“身材矮小，面色黄瘦，微须，左太阳穴有刀伤疤痕，身穿蕉布短衫、青纱裤子，花绸巾包头，手带金镯，赤脚穿鞋，
贼众呼为‘大老板’，也有称为‘大出海’。”蔡牵毫无威仪，与群众打成一片：“手下人见了蔡牵，各人起坐自由，并无尊卑规矩。贼众彼此呼唤俱叫绰号、排行，并没设伪职官名目。”
据季士家先生的研究，蔡牵应该生于1762年，自幼父母双亡，佣工自食，约1794年下海。他很快成为纵横东南沿海的“盗首”，1798年，嘉庆皇帝就两次表示要他的命，无奈手下官员不争气。蔡牵到处抢劫渔船商舶、收保护费、掳人勒索，有一次，他乘潮袭击了厦门外面的大担岛官军，抢走6门铁炮。
他还攻掠台湾，自称镇海王。鼎盛时期蔡牵聚众万人，有船百余艘，让装备落后的大清水师闻风丧胆。
同安人很强悍。一个同安人的最大麻烦是另一个同安人。有人做海盗，就有人去做官军。蔡牵出生之前，上天便为这个大魔头预备好了克星，这就是离西柯镇二三十公里外的马巷镇后滨村的李长庚。年长7岁的李长庚是武进士，后总统闽浙两省水师，不知他为什么耗上了蔡牵，一路死缠烂打，不屈不挠，甚至扬言：“愿与蔡牵同日死，不愿与其同天生也。”茫茫大海，也只有这一个不要命的对手让蔡牵惧怕。
李长庚比蔡牵早一年死去。他追击后者来到广东黑水洋，船靠了上去，正准备跳船生擒蔡牵，却被对方船尾发出的炮弹击中咽喉额角，当场阵亡。以他的身份——相当于今天的大军区司令，临阵捐躯，的确壮烈，连嘉庆皇帝也感动得老泪纵横，自承说：“朕披阅奏章，不禁为之堕泪。”（《清仁宗实录》卷191）李长庚被封为三等壮烈伯。
李长庚的事业，由两名得力部将王得禄、邱良功（又一个同安人）继承。第二年在浙江渔山外洋，他们将蔡牵团团围住，激战了两天一夜。
炮弹用光了，蔡牵就用白花花的银元塞进炮膛发射。最后的一发炮弹，他用来炸裂座船，与手下沉没冰凉的海底。
嵛山岛
海盗的时代已经远去，但海盗们隐藏起来的巨大财宝，激发了后人经久不息的热情。在闽浙粤沿海地区，流传着许多蔡牵的藏宝故事。福鼎嵛山岛的渔民相信，蔡牵把所有的贵重财宝都给了妻子陪葬，埋在这座岛上，据说有盗墓者掘开坟墓，却只发现了一个刻着大大“宝”字的石碑，边上有谜语般的几行小字：
“吾道向南北，东西藏地谷；大水密卖著，小水密三角；九坛十八缸，一缸连一缸；谁人能得到，铺路到连江。”马祖列岛的北竿岛，流传的蔡牵藏宝口诀是：“芹囝芹连连，七缸八钵九排连，大水密卖著，小水密鼎墘，谁人得的著，快活千万年。”均无人能解。南澳岛也有一个类似的口诀：“水涨淹不着，水涸淹三尺，箭三支，银三碟，金十八坛。”但指的是明代大海盗吴平的宝藏。
我已经过了崇拜海盗的年龄。我已知道，闽海处处是海盗遗迹，但是读了这些半通不通的藏宝口诀，还是怦然心动。我忍不住想，换了少年时代，我会不会鬼迷心窍，邀上伙伴神秘兮兮出海寻宝去？
2014年10月16日
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/閩南倭寇
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闽南倭寇
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Weinan is a member of the Ming Dynasty in China. It is mainly composed of the elderly (Southern Fujian) and is active in China's coastal areas, Japan, Taiwan and Southeast Asia. The source of Minnan's ancestors began with Li Dan, and after Zheng Zhilong defeated Li Dan's other fraternal parties, he reached the peak of the rich enemy.
table of Contents
1 source
2 Development
3 demise
4 follow-up
5 important people
6 related items
7 Notes
8 bibliography
Origin
In the 10th to 13th centuries, China was in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. At that time, Quanzhou Port in southern Anhui was the "world's largest trading port." The people of southern Fujian also opened the Maritime Silk Road for China at this time, starting with Indians and Persians. Establish close maritime trade interactions with Arabs. In the Ming Dynasty, it helped the Ming Empire to complete the feat of Zheng He's voyages to the West.
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倭寇
Ming Zheng
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Yang Chichang, <倭寇,甲螺,颜思齐>
Tang Jintai, "The Weinan Maritime Empire: The Rise of the Southern Fujianese and the South China Sea Civilization"
Tang Jintai, "The Century of the Southern Fujian"
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The original "Taiwan" is related to the Yannan people, Yan Siqi, the pirate Zheng Zhilong is his deputy!
2019-03-13 19:14
Text / Li Tie "Navigation"
In China's earliest literature, Taiwan was called "Island." However, after the Sui Dynasty, in the course of more than 1,000 years, Taiwan was called "seeking", "staying for demand" or "smashing the ball". During the Ming Dynasty, Taiwan was called "Dongfan". Until the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zhengshi was the first to have the name "Taiwan."
In the history books, the name change from "Dongfan" to "Taiwan" has a gap of nearly 20 years. During this time, what happened to the "Dongfan" island before it was changed to "Taiwan"?
According to the report, during this time, a major event happened on the “Dongfan” island, that is, the Chinese began the large-scale development of the island for the first time. Yan Nanqi, the southern Fujianese, was the leader of this development activity. .
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Yan Siqi, a native of southern Fujian, went to Japan to make a living. He began to work as a tailor. In order to increase his income and engage in maritime trade, he rushed while doing business. After a few years, he made a fortune.
After Yan Siqi gradually became rich, he became a pirate leader. During this period, he also met some of the southern Fujian villagers, some of whom introduced him to the Japanese household and appointed him as a small official in charge of maritime trade.
Because the Japanese government did not allow their piracy, Yan Siqi and other people's activities were limited, so they plotted for rebellion. But unfortunately, this incident was leaked, and the Japanese shogunate immediately sent troops to arrest them. When Yan Siqi saw that the situation was not good, he led the crowd to flee.
When they fled, they took a ride of 13 ships. But there is no goal, where to run, everyone said it is not good. Back to mainland China is definitely not good, so some people suggested that "Dongfan" is quite good, no one is in charge, it is quite close, you should go there first. Yan Siqi felt that it was reasonable, so he led the fleet to the "Dongfan" beach. The place where they landed should be the current North Port of Taiwan.
After Yan Siqi landed, he saw that the “Dongfan” was rich in fertility, the land was fertile, and the people were very rare. It was really good and stayed. At that time, there were only a few Aboriginal people and a small number of Dutch people on the island. Because Yan Siqi’s armed strength is relatively strong, the Dutch who just went to the island did not dare to act rashly.
After going to the island, Yan Siqi led everyone to start self-reliance and built a lot of gates and houses. The camp he planned at that time was a well-shaped type, with a large platform in the middle, which was the backbone of the entire camp. At the same time, he divided the camp into 10 parts, according to the different functions, namely: Main Village, Qianzhai, Houzhai, Zuozhai, Youzhai, Haifang Village, Grain Grass Village, Whistle Boat Village, Fufan Village and North Walled. He placed the people who came with him and gave them land.
But on the 13 ships of Yan Siqi, there are only two or three hundred people. Due to the threat of local indigenous and Dutch people, he feels that there are still a few people. So Yan Siqi returned to the mainland and recruited poor people without land in the mountains and springs. He was afraid that no one would come. He decided to help the folks who are willing to go to Dongfan. At that time, the standard was that one household and one person gave silver two or two, one household and two or more gave silver four or two, and more than three people gave another one. Driven by the interests, the locals were very enthusiastic, and Yan Siqi quickly recruited more than 3,000 people.
Yan Siqi asked them to farm, fish and hunt in “Dongfan”. After a few years, most of these people have stood firm, and thousands of families have settled there. These people have attracted many folks from the two places, and the villagers of the two places went to the "Dongfan" to colonize, and brought many customs of southern Fujian to the place, which opened the prelude to the first large-scale development in Taiwan's history.
As their population has increased, many Aboriginal people believe that they are being attacked by foreign enemies and often attacked by ethnic groups. Faced with this situation, Yan Siqi adopted a policy of appeasement for the indigenous people, and they agreed on the borders and did not invade each other. Once a subordinate has a conflict with an indigenous person, it is always appropriate to appease or protect the indigenous person. However, it may be that the conflict has become increasingly fierce, and the indigenous people have not beaten them and have migrated to other places.
While developing agricultural production and carrying out maritime trade, Yan Siqi also allowed his subordinates to build a “well” shaped street, and built a building on the shore of the bay to set up a public office. Since then, the “Dongfan” island has the earliest Han Chinese. Administrative agency. Since this office has a building and happens to be in the bay, someone started calling it "Taiwan."
Yan Siqi unveiled the prelude to a large-scale cultivation of Taiwan. Although he only stayed in Taiwan for five years, his deputy Zheng Zhilong was greeted by the Ming Dynasty. In the early years of Chongzhen, Zheng Zhilong still felt that he lacked people, and he recruited people on the mainland. There were tens of thousands of hunters and hunters in the springs. While Taiwan’s land is fertile, it can be harvested three times a year, and more and more people in Fujian go there to make a living. Many people in Taiwan now speak Minnan dialect and worship Mazu, and they all started from then.
The place where Yan Siqi landed is now two bustling towns in Beigang and Xingang. In order to commemorate Yan Siqi, the local people built the Yan Siqi landing monument in Beigang and built the “Siqi Pavilion” in Xingang.
After Yan Siqi arrived, "Dongfan" had the title of "Taiwan." During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, when a county magistrate in Taiwan said this, he also said: "Haicang Yan Siqi has its place and began to call Taiwan."
However, "Taiwan County Records" believes that it is the Dutch who built Taiwan City in Beigang, so they have the title of "Taiwan." The Ming History written by Zhang Tingyu in the Qing Dynasty was influenced by it, and the name "Taiwan" was first called by the Dutch. In fact, in the Dutch book, Taiwan has always been called "Little Ryukyu". If the name of "Taiwan" is really due to the Dutch, they cannot be called this way. Go back to Sohu and see more
Disclaimer: This article only represents the author himself, Sohu is the information publishing platform, and Sohu only provides information storage space services.
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Li Dan
(Pirates of the last years of the Ming Dynasty)
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Li Dan (?-1625), Fujian Quanzhou (now Quanzhou, Fujian). The Catholic name Andrea Dittis, nicknamed "Captain China", and "China Captain" (Chinese captain). A famous pirate businessman on the southeast coast of China in the 17th century. With the armed fleet, he carried out commercial trade and ship robbery in the convergent routes of China, Taiwan, Japan, Southeast Asia, etc. It is rumored that Li Dan is the father of Zheng Zhilong. Li Dan’s son, Li Guozhu, succeeded his father’s business and was also a famous sea merchant at that time.
The real name Li Dan is not called the Catholic name Andrea Dittis; the nickname is "Captain China", the name "China Captain" (Chinese captain) is in the era of the Ming Dynasty ethnic group Han nationality birthplace Quanzhou, Fujian (now Quanzhou, Fujian) died in 1625
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2 Related content
Historical life
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Li Dan is a famous pirate. He is a native of Quanzhou in southern Fujian. He was a businessman in the Philippines at the end of the 16th century. He was transferred to Kyushu Island in Japan and became a local overseas Chinese leader.
With the help of the Japanese pirate group, Li Dan organized an armed fleet and engaged in international trade with Japanese and British vessels in Japan, China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. Tokugawa Ieyasu Uniform Japan is said to have been funded by Li Dan. Therefore, it is also engaged in pirate predation. Because of its strong sea style, it is called "Captain China" by the Westerners, or Gabriel Dan. The term "Captain" is the term for the Han Chinese leader during the Spanish rule of Manila.
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Because Li Dan and Yan Siqi are very similar in background, some historical books and historical scholars once thought that he was Yan Siqi, but they have confirmed that they are not the same person.
It is also said that Zheng Zhilong, the father of Zheng Chenggong, has been effective in his sire and is the son of Li Dan. In the outbreak of the Battle of Penghu in 1624, the Ming Dynasty sent troops to expel the Dutch East India Company and left the Penghu. The Dutch then transferred to Taiwan, which is the Li Dan who is familiar with both China and the Netherlands. He is in harmony with Wuhu, and is familiar with Minnan, Nanjing Mandarin, Japanese. Zheng Zhilong, a language expert in Dutch, Spanish and Portuguese, is the translator of the Chinese language. [1-2]
Interpreting the knowledge behind the entry
A smile in the sea, a historical writer, the best little white hand
Chinese business history, the legendary sea merchant Li Dan of the East China Sea
Speaking of the name Li Dan, many people may think of it first, the Ruizong Li Dan of the Tang Dynasty. However, in the Ming Dynasty, there was actually a Li Dan. Although his name was very vague in today's Chinese concept, his influence on the whole of East Asia was far less than that of Emperor Tang Ruizong. So what kind of person is Li Dan in this Ming Dynasty? What kind of history does he have? In the comic book "The name of the country is coming"
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Reference material
1. Li Zichi. Millennium pirates: the epic poem of the world's pirates for two thousand years. Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House, 2009
2. Xue Yan. The Chinese Empire on the Waves: The Emperor Daming cooperated with the pirates to regain the voice of the ocean [N]. China Business News, 2011, 05, 03.
Academic paper
Content comes from
Chen Si. On the relationship between Li Dan and the Dutch colonists in Fujian Province from 1622 to 1625. "The Study of Fujian and Taiwan Culture", 2016
Wang Yuxian. The last maritime business. Business (Comment), 2011
Yang Shaowu, Xiangdong. Xi'an Bell Tower Xi'an Drum Tower. Shaanxi Archives , 2010
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Entry label:
Historical figure
Interpreting the knowledge behind the entry
A smile in the sea, a historical writer, the best little white hand
Chinese business history, the legendary sea merchant Li Dan of the East China Sea
Speaking of the name Li Dan, many people may think of it first, the Ruizong Li Dan of the Tang Dynasty. However, in the Ming Dynasty, there was actually a Li Dan. Although his name was very vague in today's Chinese concept, his influence on the whole of East Asia was far less than that of Emperor Tang Ruizong. So what kind of person is Li Dan in this Ming Dynasty? What kind of history does he have?
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