Average bottle of water contains 240,000 pieces of cancer-causing nanoplastics - 100 times more than previously thought
- The world shifted to bottled water due to claims tap water is contaminated
- But a new study finds plastic bottles contain more toxic nanoparticles than tap
The findings are likely to shock anyone who has swapped from tap to bottled water, believing it was better for their health.
Drinking water from a bottle could mean you are contaminating your body with tiny bits of plastic, which scientists fear can accumulate in your vital organs with unknown health implications.
Nanoplastics have already been linked to cancer, fertility problems and birth defects.
Scientists using the most advanced laser scanning techniques found an average of 240,000 plastic particles in a one-liter bottle of water, compared to 5.5 per one liter of tap water.
Drinking water from a bottle could mean you are contaminating your body with tiny bits of plastic, which scientists fear can accumulate in your vital organs with unknown implications for health
- Scientists using the most advanced laser scanning techniques found an average of 240,000 plastic particles in a one-liter bottle of water, compared to 5.5 per one-liter of tap water
The particles – nanoplastics - are much smaller than the microplastics previously detected in bottled water.
However, the particles are considered potentially toxic because they are so small that they can enter directly into blood cells and the brain.
These microscopic particles carry phthalates — chemicals that make plastics more durable, flexible, and lasting longer.
Phthalate exposure is attributed to 100,000 premature deaths in the US each year. The chemicals are known to interfere with hormone production in the body.
They are 'linked with developmental, reproductive, brain, immune, and other problems', according to the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
The highest estimates found 370,000 particles.
Nanoplastics had been too difficult to detect using conventional techniques, which could only find microplastics ranging from 5mm down to 1 micrometer – a millionth of a meter, or 1/25,000th of an inch. Nanoplastic particles are less than 1 micrometer across.
Groundbreaking research in 2018 found around 300 microplastic particles in a liter of bottled water – but researchers were limited by their measurement techniques at the time.
Research is now underway across the world to assess the potentially harmful effects.
The team used a new technique called Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) microscopy, which was recently invented by one of the paper's co-authors.
The method probes bottles with two lasers tuned to make specific molecules resonate, and a computer algorithm determines their origin.
The results showed that nanoparticles made up 90 percent of these molecules, and 10 percent were microplastics.
One common type found of nanoparticle was polyethylene terephthalate or PET.
Scientists using the most advanced laser scanning techniques found an average of 240,000 particles of plastic in a one-liter plastic bottle of water – thousands of times more particles than had been previously found
Study co-author Professor Beizhan Yan, an environmental chemist at Columbia, said: ‘This was not surprising, since that is what many water bottles are made of,’ said
He continued: ‘PET is also used for bottled sodas, sports drinks, and products such as ketchup and mayonnaise.
‘It probably gets into the water as bits slough off when the bottle is squeezed or gets exposed to heat.’
Another plastic particle found in bottles of water, and one which outnumbered PET, was polyamide – a type of nylon.
‘Ironically,’ said Professor Yan, ‘this probably comes from plastic filters used to supposedly purify the water before it is bottled.’
The other common plastics found included polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polymethyl methacrylate, all of which are used in various industrial processes.
- The tiny particles made up 90 percent of these particles, and 10 percent were microplastics. One common type found was polyethylene terephthalate or PET
Biophysicist and study co-author Wei Min said the research opens up a new area in science, adding, ‘Previously this was just a dark area, uncharted.
‘The study of nanoplastics matters because the smaller things are, the more easily they can get inside us.’
The team plans to investigate tap water, which has previously been shown to contain microplastics, although in far smaller quantities than bottled water.
Worldwide, plastic production continues to pose a threat to the environment – with 400 million metric tons produced each year.
More than 30 million tons are dumped yearly in water or on land, and many products made with plastics – such as synthetic clothes – shed particles while being used.
Experts are still working to determine the health effects this can have on humans.
