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After world #1 drone maker's position, UAV, robots, un-man ships, un-man submarines. And GIANT AI robot submarine that go on combat autonomously! Un-man meaning it can go without oxygen at all, nuke powered, stay deep underwater for unlimited period. Only after the huge stocks of missiles & torpedoes are out of stock it return automatically to base for reloading.
http://translate.google.com/transla...cn/china/2018-07-31/doc-ihhacrcc9730264.shtml
China is developing a terrible naval warfare killer? Chinese expert response
July 31, 2018 08:57 Sina News Synthesis
0
Source: Technology Daily
Original title: China is developing a terrible "sea battle killer"?
Hong Kong's "South China Morning Post" recently broke the news that China is developing XLUUV, the super large unmanned underwater submersible. According to the report, the unmanned submarine can operate independently for several months, and can perform tasks such as reconnaissance, deployment of mines and even attacking enemy ships. The report also pointed out that around 2021, China will deploy the unmanned submarine in strategic sea areas such as the South China Sea and the Western Pacific.
In this regard, military expert Li Jie said that the development of military and civilian unmanned submersibles for various types of applications in China has been disclosed very early. "As a large ocean country, China's research and development of underwater unmanned submarines is understandable, and the ability of unmanned submarines to deal with unmanned submarines is enhanced to better protect national sovereignty and territorial security."
Many military experts said
The research progress of Chinese unmanned submarines is exaggerated
In the past, there were many UUVs (unmanned submersibles) for various functions in various countries, but the functions were mostly singular and could only perform a specific task. The Chinese unmanned submarine reported by the South China Morning Post is comprehensive, integrating underwater reconnaissance, intelligence gathering, detection of underwater targets or surface targets, identification of enemies and threats, threat assessment, implementation of weapon attacks, and even enemy aircraft carriers. The battle group launched a suicide attack, which is an underwater missile that can perform most of the functions of a submarine.
A number of media also disclosed specific information, such as no need to have a driver, docked like a conventional submarine on the dock, can go out of port, perform tasks and then return to the base, take diesel-electric engines, can perform tasks at sea for several months, can carry Large weapons and other equipment, including missiles and torpedoes, can collaborate with surface, land, and even space weapon systems to perform tasks together, and rely on artificial intelligence to respond to complex seabed environments, such as changing course and depth. In order to avoid reconnaissance, distinguish between military and civilian vessel targets, choose the best route to reach the destination, and so on. In addition, you can learn from the sinking of other submarines and constantly adjust your strategy. It is very unmanned, informative, and intelligent.
Li Jie pointed out that the large unmanned submarine is not such a "magic" as the media rendering, it mainly performs the following tasks:
First, the use of concealment and quietness, quietly lurking in the other port, base and other related sea areas to collect the other party's intelligence information, as well as snorkeling ambushes on underwater navigation targets.
The second is to carry out multi-directional, multi-level, three-dimensional "group wolf tactics" encirclement and attack on the other side's submarines, large and medium-sized water targets, especially the aircraft carrier.
The third is to carry out mine-clearing, mine-hunting and cutting and blasting of mines to achieve the goal of completely eliminating underwater danger targets.
The fourth is anti-submarine, using a large number of advantages, lurking in the sea area where large submarines may pass, ambushing or implementing multi-directional, multi-level underwater saturation strikes.
Zhang Junshe, a Chinese naval military expert, also said in an interview with the media that the South China Morning Post exaggerated the research progress of China's unmanned submarines. He said that the research technology of unmanned submarines in the United States is far ahead of other countries in the world. The so-called "Chinese underwater unmanned submarines challenge the dominant position of the West" is completely exaggerated and does not conform to the facts.
Researchers involved in the project in China said that the research on unmanned submarines in China is still in its infancy, and there are still many technical and engineering obstacles before actual deployment. Chinese unmanned submarines will not carry nuclear weapons, because the main advantage of unmanned submarines is that they are produced and operated on a large scale at relatively low cost.
The Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is the research unit of China's main underwater military robots. Lin Yang, director of the Ocean Information Technology and Equipment Center of the institute, said in an interview with the South China Morning Post that the project is an anti-anti-anti-defense system in other countries. Measures". However, he did not disclose the technical details and specifications, because it is still in a state of confidentiality.
Performance characteristics disclosed by Hong Kong media
Suspected unmanned submarine being developed by the US military
Some analysts said that the characteristics of unmanned submarines being developed by Hong Kong media in China coincided with the goal of the so-called "large-scale and intelligent" unmanned submersibles pursued by the United States and Russia. Li Jie said that in addition to the commonality, Chinese unmanned submarines also have their own unique features.
According to the analysis of the Global Times, two years ago, the United States announced the development of a large unmanned submarine (XLUUV) project codenamed "Killer Whale", a large remote unmanned submarine capable of carrying various sensors and weapons, and The “analyzed weapon platform with multiple functions” is the most similar.
The report further pointed out that the XLUUV has a range of more than 2,000 nautical miles, enough to travel from the Philippines to and from Shanghai. It can also deploy mines hundreds of miles away, automatically operate for weeks or even months, and regularly contact the base to receive new missions. The project is planned to conduct a sea trial in 2020.
Li Jie pointed out that the United States is the most comprehensive, mature, and advanced country with the largest variety and quantity of underwater unmanned submersibles in the world. At the same time, it has been put into practice to deploy it in various strategic waters of the world.
The Science and Technology Daily reported that the United States has been sparing no effort to develop unmanned submersibles. As early as 1994, the United States planned the development of underwater unmanned submersibles. In 1999, the US Navy proposed a complete development plan for unmanned submersibles, hoping to increase research and development efforts to achieve the versatility and versatility of similar drones as early as possible. Subsequently, the US Navy raised the unmanned submersible to the same position as unmanned aircraft, unmanned vehicles and machine soldiers. In February of this year, the media exposed the United States to try to develop an "underwater carrier", that is, deploying unmanned submersibles (UUVs) on attacking nuclear submarines to search for and attack enemy submarines, and to innovate in the way of unmanned submarines.
Russian President Vladimir Putin disclosed the research and development plan for the "Poseidon" unmanned submersible in the State of the Union address in March this year. Putin claims that these unmanned submersibles can be equipped with conventional warheads and nuclear bombs that can destroy enemy infrastructure, naval naval forces and other targets. The Russian Defense Ministry recently announced that its nuclear-powered submarine "Poseidon" has nearly unlimited endurance and is equipped with an oversized nuclear weapon that can destroy aircraft carrier formations and coastal facilities at intercontinental distances. There are also media reports that Russia is developing a Status-6 ultra-long-range underwater unmanned submersible capable of carrying nuclear warheads.
Li Jie believes that "Russia has always been aiming at the same level as the United States in terms of strategy, so it has achieved good results in the field of unmanned submarines. At present, the number of unmanned submarines owned by Russia is small, but the overall technology is more advanced." He said that Japan Countries such as the United Kingdom, France and Israel have also been investing in unmanned submarines. However, because the operational requirements and military expenditures are less than those of the United States and Russia, they are not advanced in research and development.
Is it a terrible automation weapon?
Today, humans still have the right to attack
Recently, AI-related topics have attracted much attention. Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk have signed an open letter with more than 2,400 executives, researchers and scholars in three countries against the use of automated weapons. .
In this regard, Li Jie said, “The unmanned submarine’s past technology and operational objectives are not clear. Now it has developed into an intelligent, autonomous and information-based combat platform, which can be controlled and autonomously completed. Currently, there is no need to have a ' The unmanned submarine is not under control's concern. The Chinese researchers involved in the project also said that the final decision on whether to launch the attack is still in the hands of the commander.
Unmanned submarines have become an important development direction for future submarines due to their low cost, concealment and quietness, mass release, no casualties in combat, and the ability to combine three-dimensional combat operations. "It is worth mentioning that the unmanned submarine can not only carry out active attacks or defensive strikes on the established targets, but also can adjust the combat styles according to the situation and the new situation according to the situation, and formulate new strike plans, even if they encounter In case of sudden or unfavorable situation, it is also possible to take immediate action to evacuate or evade," Li Jie said.
For example, in terms of cost advantages, traditional submarines must consider personnel safety and life comfort, resulting in a rising cost. The cost of the US Navy's Ohio-class submarines is $2 billion, and the total R&D and procurement costs of 12 Columbus-class submarines are $120 billion. The cost of unmanned submarines is only 2% or even 0.4% of the former. On the contrary, unmanned submarines can launch large-scale attacks on high-value submarines without regard to human physiological limits, with extraordinary dive depth, extremely fast speed, and unpredictable Action route.
In September 2017, the famous American think tank released the report “Restoring the US Sea Power”, requiring the US Navy to equip the ultra-large and intelligent unmanned submersibles in the future. Li Jie believes that unmanned submersibles are gradually developing towards intelligent, large-scale, low-cost, multi-task integrated combat capabilities. "Not only can 'single-handedly' fight, but in the future must also be combined with unmanned surface warships, airborne drones, space and space combat aircraft to form a joint operation of unmanned combat troops," he said.
http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-07-31/doc-ihhacrcc9730264.shtml
中国正在研制一种可怕海战大杀器？中国专家回应
中国正在研制一种可怕海战大杀器？中国专家回应
0
来源：科技日报
原标题：中国正在研制一种可怕的“海战大杀器”？
香港《南华早报》近日爆料，中国正在开发XLUUV，即超大无人水下潜航器。报道称，该无人潜艇能连续数月自主作战，可执行侦察、部署水雷甚至攻击敌舰等任务。报道还指出，2021年左右，中国将在南海和西太平洋等战略海域部署该无人潜艇。
对此，军事专家李杰表示，中国多地研制多种型号用途的军民用无人潜航器很早就被披露。“作为海洋大国，我国进行水下无人潜艇的研发无可厚非，增强无人潜艇对付无人潜艇的能力，目的是更好地保护国家主权和领土安全。”
多位军事专家表示
中国无人潜艇的研究进展被夸大
过去，各国各种功能的UUV（无人潜航器）有很多，但功能大多是单一性的，只能执行某一特定任务。《南华早报》报道的中国无人潜艇是综合性的，集水下侦察、情报收集、水下目标或水面目标的探测、敌我识别与威胁判断、实施武器攻击于一体，甚至可对敌人的航母战斗群发起自杀性攻击，俨然一种水下导弹，能完成有人潜艇的大部分功能。
多家媒体还披露具体信息，比如无需配备驾驶员，像常规潜艇一样停靠在码头上，可自行出港、执行任务然后返回基地，采取柴电发动机，能够在海上执行任务长达数月，可携带导弹和鱼雷在内的大型武器和其他设备，能与水面、陆地甚至是太空的武器系统进行协作，共同执行任务，还可依靠人工智能技术应对复杂的海底环境做出决定，比如改变航向和深度以躲避侦察、区别军用和民用船只目标、选择抵达目的地的最佳路线等等。此外，还可从其他潜艇的沉没中吸取教训，不断调整自己的战略。可谓非常地无人化、信息化、智能化了。
李杰指出，大型无人潜艇并非媒体渲染的这样“神奇”，它主要执行以下任务：
一是利用隐蔽性和安静性，悄无声息潜伏在对方港口、基地等相关海域搜集对方情报信息，以及对水中航行目标进行游猎伏击。
二是对对方的潜艇、大中型水面目标，尤其是航母实施多方向、多层次、立体的“群狼战术”式包围和攻击。
三是进行扫雷、猎雷和对水雷进行切割、爆破等行动，达到彻底消除水下危险目标等目的。
四是反潜，利用数量众多的优势，潜伏在大型有人潜艇可能经过的海域进行阵地伏击或实施多方向、多层次的水下饱和打击。
中国海军军事专家张军社接受媒体采访时也表示，《南华早报》夸大了中国无人潜艇的研究进展。他说，美国无人潜艇的研究技术遥遥领先于世界其他国家，所谓“中国水下无人潜艇挑战西方的优势地位”完全是夸张的说法，不符合事实。
中国参与该项目的相关研究人员表示，我国无人潜艇的研究仍处于初期阶段，在实际部署前还有许多技术和工程障碍。中国无人潜艇将不会携带核武器，因无人潜艇的主要优势在于，用相对较低的成本大规模生产和操作。
中科院沈阳自动化研究所是我国主要水下军用机器人的研制单位，该所海洋信息技术装备中心主任林扬近日接受《南华早报》采访时表示，该项目是应对其他国家积极追求防御系统的一个“反措施”。不过，他没有透露技术细节和规格，因为还处于保密状态。
港媒披露的性能特征
疑似美军正在研发的无人潜艇
有分析称，港媒披露的中国正在研发的无人潜艇特征，与美俄追求的所谓“大型化和智能化”无人潜航器的目标不谋而合。李杰表示，除了共性之外，中国无人潜艇也有自身的独特之处。
《环球时报》分析称，两年前美国就宣布研发代号“杀人鲸”的超大无人潜艇（XLUUV）项目，这是一款能搭载各式感测器与武器的大型远程无人潜艇，和专家分析的“集多种功能于一体的武器平台”最为相似。
报道进一步指出，XLUUV航程超过2000海里，足以从菲律宾往返上海，它还可以到数百英里远的地方布设水雷，自动运作长达数周甚至数月，并定期与基地联络，以接收新任务，该项目计划于2020年进行海试。
李杰指出，美国是世界上水下无人潜航器发展最全面、最成熟、最先进、拥有种类和数量最多的国家，与此同时，不断付诸实践将其部署在世界各个战略海域。
科技日报曾报道，美国一直在不遗余力地发展无人潜航器。早在1994年，美国就将水下无人潜航器发展列入计划。1999年，美国海军提出一套完整的无人潜航器发展方案，希望加大研制与发展力度，尽早达到类似无人机的多用途性和通用性。随后，美国海军又将无人潜航器提高到与无人飞机、无人战车和机器士兵的同等地位。今年2月，媒体曝出美国试图研制“水下航母”，即在攻击型核潜艇上部署无人潜航器（UUV）来搜寻并攻击敌方潜艇，在无人潜艇的作战方式上谋求创新。
俄罗斯总统普京今年3月在发表国情咨文时披露了“海神”无人潜航器的研发计划。普京声称，这些无人潜航器可以装备常规弹头和核弹，可毁敌军基础设施、舰载海军特遣部队和其他目标。俄罗斯国防部近日宣布，其核动力潜航器“波塞冬”拥有近乎无限的续航能力，装备的超大当量核武器，令其可在洲际距离摧毁航母编队以及沿岸设施。还有媒体报道称，俄罗斯正在开发可携带核弹头的Status-6超远程水下无人潜航器。
李杰认为，“俄罗斯在战略上始终瞄准与美国等量齐观，所以在无人潜艇领域也取得不错成果，目前，俄罗斯拥有的无人潜艇虽数量不多，但整体技术较为先进。”他说，日本、英国、法国和以色列等国在无人潜艇方面也不断投入，但由于作战需求和军费均少于美俄，因此虽在研发却不算先进。
是可怕的自动化武器？
今天人类依然掌握攻击决定权
近日，人工智能武器相关话题备受瞩目，特斯拉和SpaceX的首席执行官埃隆·马斯克等三个国家逾2400名高管、研究人员和学者共同签署了一封公开信，反对使用自动化武器。
对此，李杰表示，“无人潜艇过去技术和作战目的不明确，现在已经发展为智能化、自主化和信息化作战平台，可受控自主完成作战任务，目前来看，暂不必有‘无人潜艇不受控制’的担忧。”中国参与该项目的相关研究人员也表示，是否发动攻击的最终决定权仍掌握在指挥官手中。
由于具备成本低、隐蔽性和安静性好、可批量投放、作战中无人员伤亡、可联手立体化作战行动等优势，无人潜艇成为未来潜艇的重要发展方向。“值得一提的是，无人潜艇不仅能对既定目标进行主动攻击或防御性打击，同时还能根据战场新情况和新态势，根据情况随机调整作战样式，制定新的打击方案，即使遇到突发或不利情况，也能立即采取行动紧急撤退或规避。”李杰说。
比如成本优势方面，传统有人潜艇要考虑人员安全和生活舒适性，造成造价直线上升。美国海军的俄亥俄级潜艇的成本达20亿美元，12艘哥伦布级潜艇的总研发和采购成本更是达到1200亿美元。无人潜艇造价只有前者的2%甚至0.4%，相反无人潜艇却可以对高价值有人潜艇展开大规模攻击，不必考虑人体生理极限，具备超常的下潜深度、极快的速度、难以预测的行动路线。
2017年9月，美国著名智库发布《恢复美国制海权》报告，要求美海军未来装备超大型和智能型无人潜航器。李杰认为，无人潜航器正逐步向智能化、大型化、廉价化、多任务综合作战能力的方向发展。“不仅可以‘单枪匹马’进行战斗，将来还必须与无人水面作战舰艇、空中无人机、太空空天作战飞机共同组成无人作战兵团实施联合作战。”他说。
关键字 : 中国潜艇武器
http://translate.google.com/transla...cn/china/2018-07-31/doc-ihhacrcc9730264.shtml
China is developing a terrible naval warfare killer? Chinese expert response
July 31, 2018 08:57 Sina News Synthesis
0
Source: Technology Daily
Original title: China is developing a terrible "sea battle killer"?
Hong Kong's "South China Morning Post" recently broke the news that China is developing XLUUV, the super large unmanned underwater submersible. According to the report, the unmanned submarine can operate independently for several months, and can perform tasks such as reconnaissance, deployment of mines and even attacking enemy ships. The report also pointed out that around 2021, China will deploy the unmanned submarine in strategic sea areas such as the South China Sea and the Western Pacific.
In this regard, military expert Li Jie said that the development of military and civilian unmanned submersibles for various types of applications in China has been disclosed very early. "As a large ocean country, China's research and development of underwater unmanned submarines is understandable, and the ability of unmanned submarines to deal with unmanned submarines is enhanced to better protect national sovereignty and territorial security."
Many military experts said
The research progress of Chinese unmanned submarines is exaggerated
In the past, there were many UUVs (unmanned submersibles) for various functions in various countries, but the functions were mostly singular and could only perform a specific task. The Chinese unmanned submarine reported by the South China Morning Post is comprehensive, integrating underwater reconnaissance, intelligence gathering, detection of underwater targets or surface targets, identification of enemies and threats, threat assessment, implementation of weapon attacks, and even enemy aircraft carriers. The battle group launched a suicide attack, which is an underwater missile that can perform most of the functions of a submarine.
A number of media also disclosed specific information, such as no need to have a driver, docked like a conventional submarine on the dock, can go out of port, perform tasks and then return to the base, take diesel-electric engines, can perform tasks at sea for several months, can carry Large weapons and other equipment, including missiles and torpedoes, can collaborate with surface, land, and even space weapon systems to perform tasks together, and rely on artificial intelligence to respond to complex seabed environments, such as changing course and depth. In order to avoid reconnaissance, distinguish between military and civilian vessel targets, choose the best route to reach the destination, and so on. In addition, you can learn from the sinking of other submarines and constantly adjust your strategy. It is very unmanned, informative, and intelligent.
Li Jie pointed out that the large unmanned submarine is not such a "magic" as the media rendering, it mainly performs the following tasks:
First, the use of concealment and quietness, quietly lurking in the other port, base and other related sea areas to collect the other party's intelligence information, as well as snorkeling ambushes on underwater navigation targets.
The second is to carry out multi-directional, multi-level, three-dimensional "group wolf tactics" encirclement and attack on the other side's submarines, large and medium-sized water targets, especially the aircraft carrier.
The third is to carry out mine-clearing, mine-hunting and cutting and blasting of mines to achieve the goal of completely eliminating underwater danger targets.
The fourth is anti-submarine, using a large number of advantages, lurking in the sea area where large submarines may pass, ambushing or implementing multi-directional, multi-level underwater saturation strikes.
Zhang Junshe, a Chinese naval military expert, also said in an interview with the media that the South China Morning Post exaggerated the research progress of China's unmanned submarines. He said that the research technology of unmanned submarines in the United States is far ahead of other countries in the world. The so-called "Chinese underwater unmanned submarines challenge the dominant position of the West" is completely exaggerated and does not conform to the facts.
Researchers involved in the project in China said that the research on unmanned submarines in China is still in its infancy, and there are still many technical and engineering obstacles before actual deployment. Chinese unmanned submarines will not carry nuclear weapons, because the main advantage of unmanned submarines is that they are produced and operated on a large scale at relatively low cost.
The Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is the research unit of China's main underwater military robots. Lin Yang, director of the Ocean Information Technology and Equipment Center of the institute, said in an interview with the South China Morning Post that the project is an anti-anti-anti-defense system in other countries. Measures". However, he did not disclose the technical details and specifications, because it is still in a state of confidentiality.
Performance characteristics disclosed by Hong Kong media
Suspected unmanned submarine being developed by the US military
Some analysts said that the characteristics of unmanned submarines being developed by Hong Kong media in China coincided with the goal of the so-called "large-scale and intelligent" unmanned submersibles pursued by the United States and Russia. Li Jie said that in addition to the commonality, Chinese unmanned submarines also have their own unique features.
According to the analysis of the Global Times, two years ago, the United States announced the development of a large unmanned submarine (XLUUV) project codenamed "Killer Whale", a large remote unmanned submarine capable of carrying various sensors and weapons, and The “analyzed weapon platform with multiple functions” is the most similar.
The report further pointed out that the XLUUV has a range of more than 2,000 nautical miles, enough to travel from the Philippines to and from Shanghai. It can also deploy mines hundreds of miles away, automatically operate for weeks or even months, and regularly contact the base to receive new missions. The project is planned to conduct a sea trial in 2020.
Li Jie pointed out that the United States is the most comprehensive, mature, and advanced country with the largest variety and quantity of underwater unmanned submersibles in the world. At the same time, it has been put into practice to deploy it in various strategic waters of the world.
The Science and Technology Daily reported that the United States has been sparing no effort to develop unmanned submersibles. As early as 1994, the United States planned the development of underwater unmanned submersibles. In 1999, the US Navy proposed a complete development plan for unmanned submersibles, hoping to increase research and development efforts to achieve the versatility and versatility of similar drones as early as possible. Subsequently, the US Navy raised the unmanned submersible to the same position as unmanned aircraft, unmanned vehicles and machine soldiers. In February of this year, the media exposed the United States to try to develop an "underwater carrier", that is, deploying unmanned submersibles (UUVs) on attacking nuclear submarines to search for and attack enemy submarines, and to innovate in the way of unmanned submarines.
Russian President Vladimir Putin disclosed the research and development plan for the "Poseidon" unmanned submersible in the State of the Union address in March this year. Putin claims that these unmanned submersibles can be equipped with conventional warheads and nuclear bombs that can destroy enemy infrastructure, naval naval forces and other targets. The Russian Defense Ministry recently announced that its nuclear-powered submarine "Poseidon" has nearly unlimited endurance and is equipped with an oversized nuclear weapon that can destroy aircraft carrier formations and coastal facilities at intercontinental distances. There are also media reports that Russia is developing a Status-6 ultra-long-range underwater unmanned submersible capable of carrying nuclear warheads.
Li Jie believes that "Russia has always been aiming at the same level as the United States in terms of strategy, so it has achieved good results in the field of unmanned submarines. At present, the number of unmanned submarines owned by Russia is small, but the overall technology is more advanced." He said that Japan Countries such as the United Kingdom, France and Israel have also been investing in unmanned submarines. However, because the operational requirements and military expenditures are less than those of the United States and Russia, they are not advanced in research and development.
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In this regard, Li Jie said, “The unmanned submarine’s past technology and operational objectives are not clear. Now it has developed into an intelligent, autonomous and information-based combat platform, which can be controlled and autonomously completed. Currently, there is no need to have a ' The unmanned submarine is not under control's concern. The Chinese researchers involved in the project also said that the final decision on whether to launch the attack is still in the hands of the commander.
Unmanned submarines have become an important development direction for future submarines due to their low cost, concealment and quietness, mass release, no casualties in combat, and the ability to combine three-dimensional combat operations. "It is worth mentioning that the unmanned submarine can not only carry out active attacks or defensive strikes on the established targets, but also can adjust the combat styles according to the situation and the new situation according to the situation, and formulate new strike plans, even if they encounter In case of sudden or unfavorable situation, it is also possible to take immediate action to evacuate or evade," Li Jie said.
For example, in terms of cost advantages, traditional submarines must consider personnel safety and life comfort, resulting in a rising cost. The cost of the US Navy's Ohio-class submarines is $2 billion, and the total R&D and procurement costs of 12 Columbus-class submarines are $120 billion. The cost of unmanned submarines is only 2% or even 0.4% of the former. On the contrary, unmanned submarines can launch large-scale attacks on high-value submarines without regard to human physiological limits, with extraordinary dive depth, extremely fast speed, and unpredictable Action route.
In September 2017, the famous American think tank released the report “Restoring the US Sea Power”, requiring the US Navy to equip the ultra-large and intelligent unmanned submersibles in the future. Li Jie believes that unmanned submersibles are gradually developing towards intelligent, large-scale, low-cost, multi-task integrated combat capabilities. "Not only can 'single-handedly' fight, but in the future must also be combined with unmanned surface warships, airborne drones, space and space combat aircraft to form a joint operation of unmanned combat troops," he said.
http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-07-31/doc-ihhacrcc9730264.shtml
中国正在研制一种可怕海战大杀器？中国专家回应
中国正在研制一种可怕海战大杀器？中国专家回应
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来源：科技日报
原标题：中国正在研制一种可怕的“海战大杀器”？
香港《南华早报》近日爆料，中国正在开发XLUUV，即超大无人水下潜航器。报道称，该无人潜艇能连续数月自主作战，可执行侦察、部署水雷甚至攻击敌舰等任务。报道还指出，2021年左右，中国将在南海和西太平洋等战略海域部署该无人潜艇。
对此，军事专家李杰表示，中国多地研制多种型号用途的军民用无人潜航器很早就被披露。“作为海洋大国，我国进行水下无人潜艇的研发无可厚非，增强无人潜艇对付无人潜艇的能力，目的是更好地保护国家主权和领土安全。”
多位军事专家表示
中国无人潜艇的研究进展被夸大
过去，各国各种功能的UUV（无人潜航器）有很多，但功能大多是单一性的，只能执行某一特定任务。《南华早报》报道的中国无人潜艇是综合性的，集水下侦察、情报收集、水下目标或水面目标的探测、敌我识别与威胁判断、实施武器攻击于一体，甚至可对敌人的航母战斗群发起自杀性攻击，俨然一种水下导弹，能完成有人潜艇的大部分功能。
多家媒体还披露具体信息，比如无需配备驾驶员，像常规潜艇一样停靠在码头上，可自行出港、执行任务然后返回基地，采取柴电发动机，能够在海上执行任务长达数月，可携带导弹和鱼雷在内的大型武器和其他设备，能与水面、陆地甚至是太空的武器系统进行协作，共同执行任务，还可依靠人工智能技术应对复杂的海底环境做出决定，比如改变航向和深度以躲避侦察、区别军用和民用船只目标、选择抵达目的地的最佳路线等等。此外，还可从其他潜艇的沉没中吸取教训，不断调整自己的战略。可谓非常地无人化、信息化、智能化了。
李杰指出，大型无人潜艇并非媒体渲染的这样“神奇”，它主要执行以下任务：
一是利用隐蔽性和安静性，悄无声息潜伏在对方港口、基地等相关海域搜集对方情报信息，以及对水中航行目标进行游猎伏击。
二是对对方的潜艇、大中型水面目标，尤其是航母实施多方向、多层次、立体的“群狼战术”式包围和攻击。
三是进行扫雷、猎雷和对水雷进行切割、爆破等行动，达到彻底消除水下危险目标等目的。
四是反潜，利用数量众多的优势，潜伏在大型有人潜艇可能经过的海域进行阵地伏击或实施多方向、多层次的水下饱和打击。
中国海军军事专家张军社接受媒体采访时也表示，《南华早报》夸大了中国无人潜艇的研究进展。他说，美国无人潜艇的研究技术遥遥领先于世界其他国家，所谓“中国水下无人潜艇挑战西方的优势地位”完全是夸张的说法，不符合事实。
中国参与该项目的相关研究人员表示，我国无人潜艇的研究仍处于初期阶段，在实际部署前还有许多技术和工程障碍。中国无人潜艇将不会携带核武器，因无人潜艇的主要优势在于，用相对较低的成本大规模生产和操作。
中科院沈阳自动化研究所是我国主要水下军用机器人的研制单位，该所海洋信息技术装备中心主任林扬近日接受《南华早报》采访时表示，该项目是应对其他国家积极追求防御系统的一个“反措施”。不过，他没有透露技术细节和规格，因为还处于保密状态。
港媒披露的性能特征
疑似美军正在研发的无人潜艇
有分析称，港媒披露的中国正在研发的无人潜艇特征，与美俄追求的所谓“大型化和智能化”无人潜航器的目标不谋而合。李杰表示，除了共性之外，中国无人潜艇也有自身的独特之处。
《环球时报》分析称，两年前美国就宣布研发代号“杀人鲸”的超大无人潜艇（XLUUV）项目，这是一款能搭载各式感测器与武器的大型远程无人潜艇，和专家分析的“集多种功能于一体的武器平台”最为相似。
报道进一步指出，XLUUV航程超过2000海里，足以从菲律宾往返上海，它还可以到数百英里远的地方布设水雷，自动运作长达数周甚至数月，并定期与基地联络，以接收新任务，该项目计划于2020年进行海试。
李杰指出，美国是世界上水下无人潜航器发展最全面、最成熟、最先进、拥有种类和数量最多的国家，与此同时，不断付诸实践将其部署在世界各个战略海域。
科技日报曾报道，美国一直在不遗余力地发展无人潜航器。早在1994年，美国就将水下无人潜航器发展列入计划。1999年，美国海军提出一套完整的无人潜航器发展方案，希望加大研制与发展力度，尽早达到类似无人机的多用途性和通用性。随后，美国海军又将无人潜航器提高到与无人飞机、无人战车和机器士兵的同等地位。今年2月，媒体曝出美国试图研制“水下航母”，即在攻击型核潜艇上部署无人潜航器（UUV）来搜寻并攻击敌方潜艇，在无人潜艇的作战方式上谋求创新。
俄罗斯总统普京今年3月在发表国情咨文时披露了“海神”无人潜航器的研发计划。普京声称，这些无人潜航器可以装备常规弹头和核弹，可毁敌军基础设施、舰载海军特遣部队和其他目标。俄罗斯国防部近日宣布，其核动力潜航器“波塞冬”拥有近乎无限的续航能力，装备的超大当量核武器，令其可在洲际距离摧毁航母编队以及沿岸设施。还有媒体报道称，俄罗斯正在开发可携带核弹头的Status-6超远程水下无人潜航器。
李杰认为，“俄罗斯在战略上始终瞄准与美国等量齐观，所以在无人潜艇领域也取得不错成果，目前，俄罗斯拥有的无人潜艇虽数量不多，但整体技术较为先进。”他说，日本、英国、法国和以色列等国在无人潜艇方面也不断投入，但由于作战需求和军费均少于美俄，因此虽在研发却不算先进。
是可怕的自动化武器？
今天人类依然掌握攻击决定权
近日，人工智能武器相关话题备受瞩目，特斯拉和SpaceX的首席执行官埃隆·马斯克等三个国家逾2400名高管、研究人员和学者共同签署了一封公开信，反对使用自动化武器。
对此，李杰表示，“无人潜艇过去技术和作战目的不明确，现在已经发展为智能化、自主化和信息化作战平台，可受控自主完成作战任务，目前来看，暂不必有‘无人潜艇不受控制’的担忧。”中国参与该项目的相关研究人员也表示，是否发动攻击的最终决定权仍掌握在指挥官手中。
由于具备成本低、隐蔽性和安静性好、可批量投放、作战中无人员伤亡、可联手立体化作战行动等优势，无人潜艇成为未来潜艇的重要发展方向。“值得一提的是，无人潜艇不仅能对既定目标进行主动攻击或防御性打击，同时还能根据战场新情况和新态势，根据情况随机调整作战样式，制定新的打击方案，即使遇到突发或不利情况，也能立即采取行动紧急撤退或规避。”李杰说。
比如成本优势方面，传统有人潜艇要考虑人员安全和生活舒适性，造成造价直线上升。美国海军的俄亥俄级潜艇的成本达20亿美元，12艘哥伦布级潜艇的总研发和采购成本更是达到1200亿美元。无人潜艇造价只有前者的2%甚至0.4%，相反无人潜艇却可以对高价值有人潜艇展开大规模攻击，不必考虑人体生理极限，具备超常的下潜深度、极快的速度、难以预测的行动路线。
2017年9月，美国著名智库发布《恢复美国制海权》报告，要求美海军未来装备超大型和智能型无人潜航器。李杰认为，无人潜航器正逐步向智能化、大型化、廉价化、多任务综合作战能力的方向发展。“不仅可以‘单枪匹马’进行战斗，将来还必须与无人水面作战舰艇、空中无人机、太空空天作战飞机共同组成无人作战兵团实施联合作战。”他说。
关键字 : 中国潜艇武器
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