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While British bastards sabotaged Hokkiens, the tea trade gave birth to colonial Hong Kong and elevated the status of Shanghai to international port
- Thread starter ginfreely
- Start date
Google translate
For the UK, Hong Kong’s ceding is an unpleasant trophy. It’s a “small, barren, unhygienic, worthless” place and “less worse than Sierra Leone in Africa, because it’s less hygienic and farther away from the UK” [1] The United Kingdom would like to get the "valuable" spoils such as the Zhoushan Islands and Taiwan instead of the rocky islands that are not on the map.
Google translate
Zh.m.wikipedia.org Shanghai’s opening of treaty port, in November 1843, in accordance with the terms of the Sino-British Treaty of Nanjing, the official opening of Shanghai as a designated trading port, marked the beginning of the Shanghai area into the modern era, Promoted the development of the city, today's Shanghai, in the next 100 years, from the seaside county to become one of the largest cities in China and even the Far East [1]
Google translate
Prior to 1840, due to the policy of the Qing government to shut down the country, only Guangzhou was allowed to conduct foreign trade, and many management clauses were set up to restrict the business activities of foreign businessmen in China. So the first Opium War broke out. Before the war, the British side sent the East Asian company's "Amesid" along the coastline. It once fully examined the geographical location and economic situation of Shanghai. This finally made Shanghai the first five companies to be classified as the original trade. With the increase in trade volume with China, the United Kingdom once asked the Qing government to open a trading port, but the Qing government refused. Therefore, the British side tried to use force to urge the Qing government to change its trade. Before the war, the British East India Company sent the SPY SHIP Amersted to understand the depth of China's coastal terrain ports and the defense facilities. On February 26, 1832, the Amesde sailed from Macau and began collecting intelligence. [2]
So British bastards did espionage in Shanghai too but not only did the SPYING didn’t sabotage Shanghai, it elevated Shanghai from small county town to international city port. This is called ”同人不同命“ indeed.
So @Liquigas the answer is clear. Hong Kong was definitely poorer place than Taiwan before British took over and its prosperity was the result of British efforts, not Cantonese by themselves without British help.
Ccb Malaysian sons of whores that live like animals just fuck off from my elite human face ok?
Idiotic Bitch!
HK was not due to TEA, but fucking Opium! Nothing else.
Opium War ended up HK being Plundered by Chow Ang Moh!
Never study history any how BULL SHIT!
Historic Record only got OPIUM WAR not TEA WAR!
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/香港割讓
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香港割讓
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香港成為大英帝國殖民地過程
本條目為香港歷史系列之一歷史年表 · 大事記史前时期秦朝至元朝历史明朝历史清初历史英治時期開埠初期歷史
（1842年至1898年）
1870年代
1880年代
1890年代
20世紀初歷史
（1898年至1941年）
1900年代
1910年代
1920年代
1930年代
1940年代
香港保衛戰 香港日佔時期 香港重光
1950年代
1960年代
六七暴動
1970年代
1980年代
1990年代
香港主權移交
香港特別行政區史
負資產
2000年代
沙士
七一遊行
2010年代
雨伞革命教育史 · 規劃史
經濟史 · 軍事史
警察史 · 航空史
巴士史 · 鐵路史法定古蹟 · 歷史建築
一級 · 二級 · 三級 另見：
中国历史 · 英國歷史
其他香港系列
文化 - 經濟
地理 - 政治 - 教育
香港主題
香港割讓，指香港於1842年至1898年，大清先後三次割讓新安縣的香港島、九龍半島及租借新界（包括新九龍）予大英帝國，香港開埠成英國殖民地。
目录
背景
英國東印度公司在清康熙三十八年（1699年）成立往返中國的海運企業，在康熙五十年（1711年）在廣州成立了一個貿易站。因英國需在中國大量採購茶葉，而中國不需向英國購貨，故導致英國嚴重貿易逆差，幾近出現白銀荒。後來英國人向中國傾銷鴉片，平衡兩地貿易，但此舉使中國出現貿易逆差，白銀大量外流，致銀價大升、銅錢價值大跌；民眾也因吸食鴉片而損害健康[1]。
此外，1820年代英國已奪得馬六甲及新加坡殖民地為貿易港口[2]，英國也一直尋找中國附近的一個地點作為駐地以便交易，舟山群島、香港島等皆在考慮之列。
1838年開埠前之香港
1841年《中國叢報》記載香港島人口統計
選址香港
開埠前香港島有其他別名，大清朝廷在今銅鑼灣天后廟至奇力島一帶，設有紅香爐水汛，陳倫炯在1730年《沿海全圖》及1744年《海國聞見錄》以「紅香爐」標記今之香港島[3][4]。1767年有英國海圖用「Fan Chin Chow（范春州）」標示今香港島[5][6]。1810年代，英國東印度公司曾勘探珠江口香港一帶地形，所繪地圖上有「紅江」（Hong Kong），又讚揚大潭灣是良港；1834年至1839年，英船不時停泊在香港水域，律勞卑和威廉·渣甸分別去信英國首相第二代格雷伯爵和外相巴麥尊，建議佔領香港[7]。
據1841年5月15日《香港轅門報》所載，在開埠時，香港島上共有16條村有人居住，共7,450人，當時原居民主要是使用客家語，人口分佈包括紅香爐有50名、赤柱2000名、筲箕灣1200名、黃泥涌300名、香港村200名、亞公岩200名、石澳150名等。[8]
割讓香港島
清軍水師與英國海軍在廣東虎門穿鼻灣激戰
1839年，貿易磨擦終導致第一次鴉片戰爭。大清連年積弱，1840年8月英軍攻抵天津海口，震驚大清朝廷。英軍傳遞《巴麥尊照會》，控訴林則徐禁煙運動，要求大清政府割讓土地，賠償軍費和煙價。道光帝罷免林則徐，改派琦善送英人回廣東談判。而英軍因北方港口將冰封，9月回到廣東[9]。在談判未有結果下，1841年1月，英軍攻下清軍虎門炮台之沙角及大角炮台，英國海軍統帥及全權代表查理·義律與大清欽差大臣琦善談判，英方擬訂《穿鼻草約》，內容包括將香港島割讓予英國，但琦善在得到道光帝批准之前不敢蓋章，雙方對「香港」之定義亦不同，琦善認為香港僅指今香港仔，英人可照澳門之例寄寓，義律認為香港指全島[10]。義律單方面根據協議，於1841年1月26日派兵登陸今上環水坑口街一帶，並佔領香港島。
但大清皇帝認為琦善無權割地而不承認穿鼻草約，並將琦善革職。而當英國政府收到《穿鼻草約》之消息後，亦大為不滿條約無提及開放更多港口通商，於是改派砵甸乍為全權代表。
其後英軍增兵擴大戰事，先後攻佔廈門、寧波、上海、鎮江，利用蒸汽輪船抵達南京下關，威脅京杭大運河。大清政府被迫命耆英於1842年8月29日簽訂《南京條約》，正式將香港島割讓予英國[11]。
維多利亞城
英軍佔領前，赤柱是港島人口最密集之地，又遠離清軍，但英國人設政府總部在今中環，以便進取尖沙嘴。英人規劃港島北為維多利亞城，後來又分四環九約[12]。
割讓九龍半島
清朝在1856年至1858年爆發的第二次鴉片戰爭中節節敗退，駐港英軍於1858年向海軍部提出佔領九龍以作屏衛香港島之用，1860年2月，英國駐廣州領事巴夏禮派兵佔領尖沙咀一帶，並迫當時的兩廣總督勞崇光於3月21日在廣州將以九龍半島劃一條線，由昂船洲的北端直至九龍砲台以南附近之土地永遠以每年500両租金租用予英國。[13]其後，兩國於1860年10月簽訂《北京條約》，將九龍半島界限街以南部份由永遠租用改為永久割讓，納入香港殖民地，交由英國管治。
九龍半島南端的割讓，有助英國確保維多利亞港的安全。當時九龍半島上的新邊界只用矮鐵絲網分割。
租借新界
1898年《展拓香港界址專條》中租借的新界及新九龍範圍
1897年中國山東發生德國傳教士被殺事件，德國乘機佔據山東的青島，俄國亦進駐旅順和大連。英國則佔領山東的威海以平衡列強勢力。同時法國亦借機進駐廣東的廣州灣（今湛江一部份）。為了平衡法國在南中國的勢力，英國政府以需要加強香港的防衛為由，再逼使清朝政府簽訂《展拓香港界址專條》，從1898年7月1日起租借九龍半島界限街以北、深圳河以南的地方及附近二百多個離島，也包括整片大鵬灣和深圳灣水域，為期99年到1997年終結。值得留意的是，在清朝政府力爭之下，九龍寨城的管治權並沒有交給英國，但清朝也沒有足夠國力在九龍寨城實行有效統治，而英國也沒有條約和法理依據以進入九龍寨城統治。
影響
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香港維基人佈告板
对清朝
《南京條約》的簽訂意味著大清政府第一次正式向從海上而來的西方國家永久割讓土地，[14]開啟了列強掠奪中國土地之野心，相較於靠近政治輻射中心北京的天津，香港的作用相對較為有限。即使在香港本地，較深層的文化融合仍要在二次大戰後才發生。在此之前，香港多作為中國流亡人士的避難所，以及華人離開中國之窗口。而香港之香港大學亦為中國第一個革命組織興中會之誕生地，對中國之革命有不少影響。
对英國
本來香港之割讓是一項令英國人不悅之戰利品，覺得這是一塊「細小、荒蕪、不衛生、沒有價值」及「比非洲的塞拉利昂更差，因為更不衛生而且離英國更遠」[15]。英國較想得到舟山群島、台灣本島（包含高雄港）等地方屬「有價值」之戰利品，而非這個在地圖上指不到位置的岩石小島。
然而香港岛与九龙半岛之间的维多利亚港，是东亚地区少数港闊水深的天然良港。自1841年开埠以来，多次填海改造。香港隨著時代和國際形勢導致之形勢改變，地位更是漸漸加強，揚名於世界，香港與新加坡成為了英國除印度外，最重要及珍貴的兩塊東方殖民地。
对香港
由於在割讓之初，即保證了香港原居民原有習俗得以保留，再加上殖民者亦無意與殖民地人民有太多融合，故香港之割讓對當時不到一萬人口之小漁港，並無太大改變。然而在清朝覆滅後，中國陷入意識形態混亂，長期革命、長期內戰時，香港為中國提供了一個和平的避難所，而且香港今日賴以成功的《普通法》、廉政公署、積極不干預政策、公務員體系、自由的社會及各項基建等等，都是靠長期的殖民統治，令香港在政治上脫離百年紛亂的中國，崛起而發展成為現在的國際大都會及多元文化華人社會。
1984年，中华人民共和国與英國簽訂《中英联合声明》，確定1997年7月1日起，英國將香港主權移交至中华人民共和国。此舉標誌着英國統治香港156年正式結束，香港特别行政区成立。
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Hong Kong ceding
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Hong Kong became a colonial process of the British Empire
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This entry is one of the historical chronologies of Hong Kong's historical series. · The prehistoric period of the Chronicles of the Qin Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty Historical Ming Dynasty History Early Qing Dynasty History of the British rule
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Hong Kong cedes, referring to Hong Kong from 1842 to 1898, Daqing has ceded Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula and New Territories (including New Kowloon) in Xin'an County three times to the British Empire. Hong Kong has become a British colony.
table of Contents
1 background
1.1 Site selection in Hong Kong
2 ceding Hong Kong Island
2.1 Victoria City
3 ceding the Kowloon Peninsula
4 Renting the New Territories
5 impact
5.1 to the Qing Dynasty
5.2 to the UK
5.3 to Hong Kong
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
background
The British East India Company established a shipping company to and from China in the 38th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1699) and established a trading post in Guangzhou in the 50th year of Kangxi (1711). Because the UK needs to purchase a large amount of tea in China, and China does not need to purchase goods from the UK, it has led to a serious trade deficit in the UK, and there has been a near-term silver shortage. Later, the British dumped opium to China and balanced trade between the two places. However, this led to a trade deficit in China and a large outflow of silver, which caused the price of silver to rise and the value of copper coins to fall. The people also hurt health by smoking opium [1].
In addition, in the 1820s, the United Kingdom had won the Malacca and Singapore colonies as trading ports [2], and the United Kingdom has been looking for a location near China to serve as a resident, and the Zhoushan Islands and Hong Kong Island are all considered.
Hong Kong before the opening of 1838
In 1841, China Daily reported Hong Kong Island Demographics
Site selection in Hong Kong
Before the opening of the island, Hong Kong Island had other aliases. The Daqing court had a red incense burner in the area between Tianhou Temple and Kili Island in Causeway Bay. Chen Lunzhen was in the "Coastal Map of the Coast" in 1730 and "The Sea Country" in 1744. The "Red Incense Burner" marks the Hong Kong Island [3][4]. In 1767, a British nautical chart used "Fan Chin Chow" to mark Hong Kong Island [5][6]. In the 1810s, the British East India Company had explored the terrain of the Pearl River Estuary in Hong Kong. The map was marked "Hong Kong" and praised Tai Tam Bay as a good harbor. From 1834 to 1839, the British ship was moored in Hong Kong from time to time. In the waters, the law and labor and William Jardine went to the British Prime Minister, the second generation of Earl Grey and the foreign minister, Ba Mizun, and proposed to occupy Hong Kong [7].
According to the "Hong Kong Tuen Mun" on May 15, 1841, at the time of the opening, there were 16 villages inhabited on Hong Kong Island with a total of 7,450 people. At that time, the original residents mainly used Hakka, and the population distribution included 50 red incense burners. 2,000 in Stanley, 1,200 in Tsuen Wan, 300 in Huangniyong, 200 in Hong Kong Village, 200 in Yagongyan, and 150 in Shi'ao. [8]
Ceded Hong Kong Island
The Qingjun Navy and the British Navy fought in the nose of Humen, Guangdong
In 1839, trade friction eventually led to the first Opium War. Daqing was weak in successive years. In August 1840, the British army attacked Tianjin Haikou and shocked the Qing court. The British army passed the "Bamai Zun Zhaohui", accusing Lin Zexu of the smoking ban, demanding that the Qing government cede land and compensate for military expenses and tobacco prices. Emperor Daoguang removed Lin Zexu and sent Qi Shan to send the British back to Guangdong for negotiations. The British army will be frozen because of the northern port, and returned to Guangdong in September [9]. In the unsuccessful negotiations, in January 1841, the British army captured the Shajiao and the Big Fortress of the Qingmen Humen Fort. The British naval commander and plenipotentiary Charlie Yilu negotiated with Daqing’s imperial minister Qi Shan, and the British side drafted Nasal Grass, which includes the ceding of Hong Kong Island to the United Kingdom, but Qi Shan did not dare to seal before the approval of Daoguang Emperor. The definition of "Hong Kong" is different. Qi Shan thinks that Hong Kong only refers to Aberdeen, the British. According to the example of Macao, the law says that Hong Kong refers to the whole island [10]. According to the agreement, the law was unilaterally dispatched on January 26, 1841 to the area of Shui Hang Kou Street in Sheung Wan and occupied Hong Kong Island.
However, the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty believed that Qi Shan had no right to cut the land without acknowledging the wearing of Nasal, and would dismiss Qi Shan. When the British government received the news of "Natural Grass", it was also greatly dissatisfied with the treaty without mentioning the opening of more port trades, so it was reassigned to be a plenipotentiary.
Later, the British army increased their troops and expanded their warfare. They successively captured Xiamen, Ningbo, Shanghai, and Zhenjiang, and used steamships to arrive at the Shimonoseki in Nanjing, threatening the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. The Qing government was forced to sign the "Nanjing Treaty" on August 29, 1842, officially ceding Hong Kong Island to the United Kingdom [11].
Victoria City
Before the British occupation, Stanley was the most densely populated area on Hong Kong Island and away from the Qing army. However, the British set up a government headquarters in Central today to gain access to Tsim Sha Tsui. The British planned the northern part of Hong Kong Island to be Victoria City, and later divided into four rings and nines [12].
Ceding the Kowloon Peninsula
The Qing Dynasty defeated the Second Opium War from 1856 to 1858. The British troops stationed in Hong Kong proposed to the Admiralty in 1858 to occupy Kowloon for the purpose of screening Hong Kong Island. In February 1860, the British Consulate in Guangzhou Xia Li sent troops to occupy the Tsim Sha Tsui area and forced the then Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, Lao Chongguang, to draw a line on the Kowloon Peninsula in Guangzhou on March 21, from the northern end of Stonecutters Island to the land south of the Kowloon Fortress for 500 years per year. Rent to the UK. [13] Subsequently, the two countries signed the "Beijing Treaty" in October 1860, which changed the border area of Kowloon Peninsula from permanent for permanent to permanent ceding, and was incorporated into the colony of Hong Kong and administered to the British.
The cession at the southern tip of the Kowloon Peninsula will help the UK ensure the safety of Victoria Harbour. The new boundary on the Kowloon Peninsula was only divided by short wire mesh.
Renting the New Territories
New Territories and New Kowloon Area leased in the "Exhibition of Hong Kong Sites" in 1898
In 1897, a German missionary was killed in Shandong, China. Germany took the opportunity to occupy Qingdao in Shandong, and Russia also stationed in Lushun and Dalian. The United Kingdom occupied Weihai in Shandong to balance the powers. At the same time, France also took the opportunity to enter Guangzhou Bay (now part of Zhanjiang) in Guangdong. In order to balance France's power in South China, the British government, on the grounds of the need to strengthen Hong Kong's defense, forced the Qing government to sign the "Exhibition of Hong Kong's Borders" and leased the Kowloon Peninsula Boundary Street from July 1, 1898. The area south of the Shenzhen and Shenzhen rivers and the nearby 200 islands, including the entire Dapeng Bay and Shenzhen Bay waters, ended between 1999 and 1997. It is worth noting that under the Qing government's efforts, the jurisdiction of the Kowloon Walled City was not given to the United Kingdom, but the Qing Dynasty did not have enough national power to exercise effective rule in the Kowloon Walled City. The United Kingdom also had no treaty and legal basis to enter Kowloon. Walled city rule.
influences
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To the Qing Dynasty
The signing of the "Nanjing Treaty" meant that the Qing government for the first time officially ceded land to the Western countries from the sea, [14] opened the ambition of the powers to plunder China's land, compared to Tianjin, which is close to the political radiation center of Beijing. The role of Hong Kong is relatively limited. Even in Hong Kong, deeper cultural integration still takes place after the Second World War. Prior to this, Hong Kong was often used as a refuge for Chinese exiles and a window for Chinese to leave China. The University of Hong Kong in Hong Kong is also the birthplace of China's first revolutionary organization, and it has a lot of influence on the Chinese revolution.
To the UK
Originally, the cession in Hong Kong was a trophy that made the British unhappy. It felt that it was "small, ridiculous, unsanitary, worthless" and "less worse than Sierra Leone in Africa because it is more unsanitary and farther away from the UK" [ 15]. The United Kingdom prefers to be a "valuable" spoils for the Zhoushan Islands and Taiwan's main islands (including Kaohsiung Port), rather than the rocky islands that are not on the map.
However, the Victoria Harbour between Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula is a natural harbor with a few ports in East Asia. Since the opening in 1841, many sea reclamation projects have been carried out. Hong Kong's situation has changed with the times and the international situation, and its status has gradually strengthened. It has become famous in the world. Hong Kong and Singapore have become the two most important and precious Eastern colonies in Britain except India.
To Hong Kong
Since the original custom of the original inhabitants of Hong Kong was preserved at the beginning of the cession, and the colonists did not intend to have too much integration with the colonial people, the cession of Hong Kong did not exist for the small fishing port of less than 10,000. Too big to change. However, after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, China was caught in ideological chaos. During the long-term revolution and long-term civil war, Hong Kong provided China with a peaceful refuge, and the common law, the Independent Commission Against Corruption, and the positive non-intervention policy that Hong Kong relied on today. The civil service system, the free society and various infrastructures all rely on long-term colonial rule, which has made Hong Kong politically separated from the chaotic China, and has grown into a modern cosmopolitan and multicultural Chinese society.
In 1984, the People’s Republic of China and the United Kingdom signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration, confirming that from July 1, 1997, the United Kingdom handed over Hong Kong sovereignty to the People’s Republic of China. The move marks the official end of British rule in Hong Kong in 156 years and the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
HK was not due to TEA, but fucking Opium! Nothing else.
Opium War ended up HK being Plundered by Chow Ang Moh!
Never study history any how BULL SHIT!
Historic Record only got OPIUM WAR not TEA WAR!
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香港成為大英帝國殖民地過程
本條目為香港歷史系列之一歷史年表 · 大事記史前时期秦朝至元朝历史明朝历史清初历史英治時期開埠初期歷史
（1842年至1898年）
1870年代
1880年代
1890年代
20世紀初歷史
（1898年至1941年）
1900年代
1910年代
1920年代
1930年代
1940年代
香港保衛戰 香港日佔時期 香港重光
1950年代
1960年代
六七暴動
1970年代
1980年代
1990年代
香港主權移交
香港特別行政區史
負資產
2000年代
沙士
七一遊行
2010年代
雨伞革命教育史 · 規劃史
經濟史 · 軍事史
警察史 · 航空史
巴士史 · 鐵路史法定古蹟 · 歷史建築
一級 · 二級 · 三級 另見：
中国历史 · 英國歷史
其他香港系列
文化 - 經濟
地理 - 政治 - 教育
香港主題香港割讓，指香港於1842年至1898年，大清先後三次割讓新安縣的香港島、九龍半島及租借新界（包括新九龍）予大英帝國，香港開埠成英國殖民地。
目录
背景
英國東印度公司在清康熙三十八年（1699年）成立往返中國的海運企業，在康熙五十年（1711年）在廣州成立了一個貿易站。因英國需在中國大量採購茶葉，而中國不需向英國購貨，故導致英國嚴重貿易逆差，幾近出現白銀荒。後來英國人向中國傾銷鴉片，平衡兩地貿易，但此舉使中國出現貿易逆差，白銀大量外流，致銀價大升、銅錢價值大跌；民眾也因吸食鴉片而損害健康[1]。
此外，1820年代英國已奪得馬六甲及新加坡殖民地為貿易港口[2]，英國也一直尋找中國附近的一個地點作為駐地以便交易，舟山群島、香港島等皆在考慮之列。
1838年開埠前之香港
1841年《中國叢報》記載香港島人口統計
選址香港
開埠前香港島有其他別名，大清朝廷在今銅鑼灣天后廟至奇力島一帶，設有紅香爐水汛，陳倫炯在1730年《沿海全圖》及1744年《海國聞見錄》以「紅香爐」標記今之香港島[3][4]。1767年有英國海圖用「Fan Chin Chow（范春州）」標示今香港島[5][6]。1810年代，英國東印度公司曾勘探珠江口香港一帶地形，所繪地圖上有「紅江」（Hong Kong），又讚揚大潭灣是良港；1834年至1839年，英船不時停泊在香港水域，律勞卑和威廉·渣甸分別去信英國首相第二代格雷伯爵和外相巴麥尊，建議佔領香港[7]。
據1841年5月15日《香港轅門報》所載，在開埠時，香港島上共有16條村有人居住，共7,450人，當時原居民主要是使用客家語，人口分佈包括紅香爐有50名、赤柱2000名、筲箕灣1200名、黃泥涌300名、香港村200名、亞公岩200名、石澳150名等。[8]
割讓香港島
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清軍水師與英國海軍在廣東虎門穿鼻灣激戰
1839年，貿易磨擦終導致第一次鴉片戰爭。大清連年積弱，1840年8月英軍攻抵天津海口，震驚大清朝廷。英軍傳遞《巴麥尊照會》，控訴林則徐禁煙運動，要求大清政府割讓土地，賠償軍費和煙價。道光帝罷免林則徐，改派琦善送英人回廣東談判。而英軍因北方港口將冰封，9月回到廣東[9]。在談判未有結果下，1841年1月，英軍攻下清軍虎門炮台之沙角及大角炮台，英國海軍統帥及全權代表查理·義律與大清欽差大臣琦善談判，英方擬訂《穿鼻草約》，內容包括將香港島割讓予英國，但琦善在得到道光帝批准之前不敢蓋章，雙方對「香港」之定義亦不同，琦善認為香港僅指今香港仔，英人可照澳門之例寄寓，義律認為香港指全島[10]。義律單方面根據協議，於1841年1月26日派兵登陸今上環水坑口街一帶，並佔領香港島。
但大清皇帝認為琦善無權割地而不承認穿鼻草約，並將琦善革職。而當英國政府收到《穿鼻草約》之消息後，亦大為不滿條約無提及開放更多港口通商，於是改派砵甸乍為全權代表。
其後英軍增兵擴大戰事，先後攻佔廈門、寧波、上海、鎮江，利用蒸汽輪船抵達南京下關，威脅京杭大運河。大清政府被迫命耆英於1842年8月29日簽訂《南京條約》，正式將香港島割讓予英國[11]。
維多利亞城
英軍佔領前，赤柱是港島人口最密集之地，又遠離清軍，但英國人設政府總部在今中環，以便進取尖沙嘴。英人規劃港島北為維多利亞城，後來又分四環九約[12]。
割讓九龍半島
清朝在1856年至1858年爆發的第二次鴉片戰爭中節節敗退，駐港英軍於1858年向海軍部提出佔領九龍以作屏衛香港島之用，1860年2月，英國駐廣州領事巴夏禮派兵佔領尖沙咀一帶，並迫當時的兩廣總督勞崇光於3月21日在廣州將以九龍半島劃一條線，由昂船洲的北端直至九龍砲台以南附近之土地永遠以每年500両租金租用予英國。[13]其後，兩國於1860年10月簽訂《北京條約》，將九龍半島界限街以南部份由永遠租用改為永久割讓，納入香港殖民地，交由英國管治。
九龍半島南端的割讓，有助英國確保維多利亞港的安全。當時九龍半島上的新邊界只用矮鐵絲網分割。
租借新界
1898年《展拓香港界址專條》中租借的新界及新九龍範圍
1897年中國山東發生德國傳教士被殺事件，德國乘機佔據山東的青島，俄國亦進駐旅順和大連。英國則佔領山東的威海以平衡列強勢力。同時法國亦借機進駐廣東的廣州灣（今湛江一部份）。為了平衡法國在南中國的勢力，英國政府以需要加強香港的防衛為由，再逼使清朝政府簽訂《展拓香港界址專條》，從1898年7月1日起租借九龍半島界限街以北、深圳河以南的地方及附近二百多個離島，也包括整片大鵬灣和深圳灣水域，為期99年到1997年終結。值得留意的是，在清朝政府力爭之下，九龍寨城的管治權並沒有交給英國，但清朝也沒有足夠國力在九龍寨城實行有效統治，而英國也沒有條約和法理依據以進入九龍寨城統治。
影響
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对清朝
《南京條約》的簽訂意味著大清政府第一次正式向從海上而來的西方國家永久割讓土地，[14]開啟了列強掠奪中國土地之野心，相較於靠近政治輻射中心北京的天津，香港的作用相對較為有限。即使在香港本地，較深層的文化融合仍要在二次大戰後才發生。在此之前，香港多作為中國流亡人士的避難所，以及華人離開中國之窗口。而香港之香港大學亦為中國第一個革命組織興中會之誕生地，對中國之革命有不少影響。
对英國
本來香港之割讓是一項令英國人不悅之戰利品，覺得這是一塊「細小、荒蕪、不衛生、沒有價值」及「比非洲的塞拉利昂更差，因為更不衛生而且離英國更遠」[15]。英國較想得到舟山群島、台灣本島（包含高雄港）等地方屬「有價值」之戰利品，而非這個在地圖上指不到位置的岩石小島。
然而香港岛与九龙半岛之间的维多利亚港，是东亚地区少数港闊水深的天然良港。自1841年开埠以来，多次填海改造。香港隨著時代和國際形勢導致之形勢改變，地位更是漸漸加強，揚名於世界，香港與新加坡成為了英國除印度外，最重要及珍貴的兩塊東方殖民地。
对香港
由於在割讓之初，即保證了香港原居民原有習俗得以保留，再加上殖民者亦無意與殖民地人民有太多融合，故香港之割讓對當時不到一萬人口之小漁港，並無太大改變。然而在清朝覆滅後，中國陷入意識形態混亂，長期革命、長期內戰時，香港為中國提供了一個和平的避難所，而且香港今日賴以成功的《普通法》、廉政公署、積極不干預政策、公務員體系、自由的社會及各項基建等等，都是靠長期的殖民統治，令香港在政治上脫離百年紛亂的中國，崛起而發展成為現在的國際大都會及多元文化華人社會。
1984年，中华人民共和国與英國簽訂《中英联合声明》，確定1997年7月1日起，英國將香港主權移交至中华人民共和国。此舉標誌着英國統治香港156年正式結束，香港特别行政区成立。
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Hong Kong ceding
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Hong Kong became a colonial process of the British Empire
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Hong Kong cedes, referring to Hong Kong from 1842 to 1898, Daqing has ceded Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula and New Territories (including New Kowloon) in Xin'an County three times to the British Empire. Hong Kong has become a British colony.
table of Contents
1 background
1.1 Site selection in Hong Kong
2 ceding Hong Kong Island
2.1 Victoria City
3 ceding the Kowloon Peninsula
4 Renting the New Territories
5 impact
5.1 to the Qing Dynasty
5.2 to the UK
5.3 to Hong Kong
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
background
The British East India Company established a shipping company to and from China in the 38th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1699) and established a trading post in Guangzhou in the 50th year of Kangxi (1711). Because the UK needs to purchase a large amount of tea in China, and China does not need to purchase goods from the UK, it has led to a serious trade deficit in the UK, and there has been a near-term silver shortage. Later, the British dumped opium to China and balanced trade between the two places. However, this led to a trade deficit in China and a large outflow of silver, which caused the price of silver to rise and the value of copper coins to fall. The people also hurt health by smoking opium [1].
In addition, in the 1820s, the United Kingdom had won the Malacca and Singapore colonies as trading ports [2], and the United Kingdom has been looking for a location near China to serve as a resident, and the Zhoushan Islands and Hong Kong Island are all considered.
Hong Kong before the opening of 1838
In 1841, China Daily reported Hong Kong Island Demographics
Site selection in Hong Kong
Before the opening of the island, Hong Kong Island had other aliases. The Daqing court had a red incense burner in the area between Tianhou Temple and Kili Island in Causeway Bay. Chen Lunzhen was in the "Coastal Map of the Coast" in 1730 and "The Sea Country" in 1744. The "Red Incense Burner" marks the Hong Kong Island [3][4]. In 1767, a British nautical chart used "Fan Chin Chow" to mark Hong Kong Island [5][6]. In the 1810s, the British East India Company had explored the terrain of the Pearl River Estuary in Hong Kong. The map was marked "Hong Kong" and praised Tai Tam Bay as a good harbor. From 1834 to 1839, the British ship was moored in Hong Kong from time to time. In the waters, the law and labor and William Jardine went to the British Prime Minister, the second generation of Earl Grey and the foreign minister, Ba Mizun, and proposed to occupy Hong Kong [7].
According to the "Hong Kong Tuen Mun" on May 15, 1841, at the time of the opening, there were 16 villages inhabited on Hong Kong Island with a total of 7,450 people. At that time, the original residents mainly used Hakka, and the population distribution included 50 red incense burners. 2,000 in Stanley, 1,200 in Tsuen Wan, 300 in Huangniyong, 200 in Hong Kong Village, 200 in Yagongyan, and 150 in Shi'ao. [8]
Ceded Hong Kong Island
The Qingjun Navy and the British Navy fought in the nose of Humen, Guangdong
In 1839, trade friction eventually led to the first Opium War. Daqing was weak in successive years. In August 1840, the British army attacked Tianjin Haikou and shocked the Qing court. The British army passed the "Bamai Zun Zhaohui", accusing Lin Zexu of the smoking ban, demanding that the Qing government cede land and compensate for military expenses and tobacco prices. Emperor Daoguang removed Lin Zexu and sent Qi Shan to send the British back to Guangdong for negotiations. The British army will be frozen because of the northern port, and returned to Guangdong in September [9]. In the unsuccessful negotiations, in January 1841, the British army captured the Shajiao and the Big Fortress of the Qingmen Humen Fort. The British naval commander and plenipotentiary Charlie Yilu negotiated with Daqing’s imperial minister Qi Shan, and the British side drafted Nasal Grass, which includes the ceding of Hong Kong Island to the United Kingdom, but Qi Shan did not dare to seal before the approval of Daoguang Emperor. The definition of "Hong Kong" is different. Qi Shan thinks that Hong Kong only refers to Aberdeen, the British. According to the example of Macao, the law says that Hong Kong refers to the whole island [10]. According to the agreement, the law was unilaterally dispatched on January 26, 1841 to the area of Shui Hang Kou Street in Sheung Wan and occupied Hong Kong Island.
However, the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty believed that Qi Shan had no right to cut the land without acknowledging the wearing of Nasal, and would dismiss Qi Shan. When the British government received the news of "Natural Grass", it was also greatly dissatisfied with the treaty without mentioning the opening of more port trades, so it was reassigned to be a plenipotentiary.
Later, the British army increased their troops and expanded their warfare. They successively captured Xiamen, Ningbo, Shanghai, and Zhenjiang, and used steamships to arrive at the Shimonoseki in Nanjing, threatening the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. The Qing government was forced to sign the "Nanjing Treaty" on August 29, 1842, officially ceding Hong Kong Island to the United Kingdom [11].
Victoria City
Before the British occupation, Stanley was the most densely populated area on Hong Kong Island and away from the Qing army. However, the British set up a government headquarters in Central today to gain access to Tsim Sha Tsui. The British planned the northern part of Hong Kong Island to be Victoria City, and later divided into four rings and nines [12].
Ceding the Kowloon Peninsula
The Qing Dynasty defeated the Second Opium War from 1856 to 1858. The British troops stationed in Hong Kong proposed to the Admiralty in 1858 to occupy Kowloon for the purpose of screening Hong Kong Island. In February 1860, the British Consulate in Guangzhou Xia Li sent troops to occupy the Tsim Sha Tsui area and forced the then Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, Lao Chongguang, to draw a line on the Kowloon Peninsula in Guangzhou on March 21, from the northern end of Stonecutters Island to the land south of the Kowloon Fortress for 500 years per year. Rent to the UK. [13] Subsequently, the two countries signed the "Beijing Treaty" in October 1860, which changed the border area of Kowloon Peninsula from permanent for permanent to permanent ceding, and was incorporated into the colony of Hong Kong and administered to the British.
The cession at the southern tip of the Kowloon Peninsula will help the UK ensure the safety of Victoria Harbour. The new boundary on the Kowloon Peninsula was only divided by short wire mesh.
Renting the New Territories
New Territories and New Kowloon Area leased in the "Exhibition of Hong Kong Sites" in 1898
In 1897, a German missionary was killed in Shandong, China. Germany took the opportunity to occupy Qingdao in Shandong, and Russia also stationed in Lushun and Dalian. The United Kingdom occupied Weihai in Shandong to balance the powers. At the same time, France also took the opportunity to enter Guangzhou Bay (now part of Zhanjiang) in Guangdong. In order to balance France's power in South China, the British government, on the grounds of the need to strengthen Hong Kong's defense, forced the Qing government to sign the "Exhibition of Hong Kong's Borders" and leased the Kowloon Peninsula Boundary Street from July 1, 1898. The area south of the Shenzhen and Shenzhen rivers and the nearby 200 islands, including the entire Dapeng Bay and Shenzhen Bay waters, ended between 1999 and 1997. It is worth noting that under the Qing government's efforts, the jurisdiction of the Kowloon Walled City was not given to the United Kingdom, but the Qing Dynasty did not have enough national power to exercise effective rule in the Kowloon Walled City. The United Kingdom also had no treaty and legal basis to enter Kowloon. Walled city rule.
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To the Qing Dynasty
The signing of the "Nanjing Treaty" meant that the Qing government for the first time officially ceded land to the Western countries from the sea, [14] opened the ambition of the powers to plunder China's land, compared to Tianjin, which is close to the political radiation center of Beijing. The role of Hong Kong is relatively limited. Even in Hong Kong, deeper cultural integration still takes place after the Second World War. Prior to this, Hong Kong was often used as a refuge for Chinese exiles and a window for Chinese to leave China. The University of Hong Kong in Hong Kong is also the birthplace of China's first revolutionary organization, and it has a lot of influence on the Chinese revolution.
To the UK
Originally, the cession in Hong Kong was a trophy that made the British unhappy. It felt that it was "small, ridiculous, unsanitary, worthless" and "less worse than Sierra Leone in Africa because it is more unsanitary and farther away from the UK" [ 15]. The United Kingdom prefers to be a "valuable" spoils for the Zhoushan Islands and Taiwan's main islands (including Kaohsiung Port), rather than the rocky islands that are not on the map.
However, the Victoria Harbour between Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula is a natural harbor with a few ports in East Asia. Since the opening in 1841, many sea reclamation projects have been carried out. Hong Kong's situation has changed with the times and the international situation, and its status has gradually strengthened. It has become famous in the world. Hong Kong and Singapore have become the two most important and precious Eastern colonies in Britain except India.
To Hong Kong
Since the original custom of the original inhabitants of Hong Kong was preserved at the beginning of the cession, and the colonists did not intend to have too much integration with the colonial people, the cession of Hong Kong did not exist for the small fishing port of less than 10,000. Too big to change. However, after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, China was caught in ideological chaos. During the long-term revolution and long-term civil war, Hong Kong provided China with a peaceful refuge, and the common law, the Independent Commission Against Corruption, and the positive non-intervention policy that Hong Kong relied on today. The civil service system, the free society and various infrastructures all rely on long-term colonial rule, which has made Hong Kong politically separated from the chaotic China, and has grown into a modern cosmopolitan and multicultural Chinese society.
In 1984, the People’s Republic of China and the United Kingdom signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration, confirming that from July 1, 1997, the United Kingdom handed over Hong Kong sovereignty to the People’s Republic of China. The move marks the official end of British rule in Hong Kong in 156 years and the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
What a fucking joke that some fucking Cantonese and Shanghainese etc northern Chinese think they are fucking superior when all their prosperity was achieved not by their superior ability but by their superior fortune. Remember ok that you Cantonese or Shanghainese or whatever northern chinese are not fit to look down on Hokkiens the real superior Chinese that achieved prosperity by own efforts and despite sabotages by Ming to Qing emperor to British bastards.
Once again, ccb Malaysian Cantonese bastards are fond of telling lies even when I already put the supporting document with the evidence staring at their ANIMAL face. Listen up ok stupid bastard, tea was the cause of opium means tea was the cause of opium wars that led to Nanjing treaty that led to ceding of Hong Kong to British and that means tea gave birth to colonial Hong Kong, exactly the words of SCMP article that I quoted in my first post. SCMP is Hong Kong and they should know their own history and that’s their own words that tea trade gave birth to colonial Hong Kong.
Proof right here and as usual ccb Malaysian bastards can ignore and tell ccb lies with evidence staring at their animal face.
Am I not stating the truth that tea trade gave birth to Hong Kong prosperity? Of course I am.
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