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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Cruise
Thomas Cruise Mapother IV (born July 3, 1962) is an American actor and producer. One of the world's
highest-paid actors,
[1] he has received
various accolades, including an
Honorary Palme d'Or and three
Golden Globe Awards, in addition to nominations for four
Academy Awards.
His films have grossed over $4 billion in North America and over $11.5 billionworldwide,
[2] making him one of the
highest-grossing box-office stars of all time.
[3]
Cruise began acting in the early 1980s and made his breakthrough with leading roles in the comedy film
Risky Business (1983) and action film
Top Gun (1986). Critical acclaim came with his roles in the dramas
The Color of Money(1986),
Rain Man (1988), and
Born on the Fourth of July (1989). For his portrayal of
Ron Kovic in the latter, he won a
Golden Globe Award and received a nomination for the
Academy Award for Best Actor. As a leading Hollywood star in the 1990s, he starred in several commercially successful films, including the drama
A Few Good Men (1992), the thriller
The Firm (1993), the horror film
Interview with the Vampire (1994), and the romance
Jerry Maguire (1996). For the latter, he won a
Golden Globe Award for Best Actorand received his second Academy Award nomination. Cruise's performance as a motivational speaker in the drama
Magnolia(1999) earned him another
Golden Globe Award and a nomination for the
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.
Since then, Cruise has largely starred in science fiction and action films, establishing himself as an action star, often performing his own risky stunts. He has played
Ethan Hunt in all six of the
Mission: Impossible films from 1996 to 2018. His other notable roles in the genre include
Vanilla Sky (2001),
Minority Report (2002),
The Last Samurai (2003),
Collateral (2004),
War of the Worlds (2005),
Knight and Day (2010),
Jack Reacher (2012),
Oblivion (2013),
Edge of Tomorrow (2014), and
Top Gun: Maverick (2022), with
Maverick being his highest-grossing film.
Cruise has been married to actresses
Mimi Rogers,
Nicole Kidman, and
Katie Holmes. He has three children, two of whom were adopted during his marriage to Kidman and the other of whom is a biological daughter he had with Holmes.
Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the
Church of Scientology, which he credits with helping him overcome
dyslexia. In the 2000s, he sparked controversy with his criticisms of
psychiatry and anti-depressant drugs, his efforts to promote Scientology in Europe, and a
leaked video interview of him promoting Scientology. Cruise has been a close friend of Church of Scientology leader
David Miscavigesince the 1980s.
[4]
Early life and education
Cruise was born on July 3, 1962, in
Syracuse, New York,
[5] to electrical engineer Thomas Cruise Mapother III (1934–1984) and
special education teacher Mary Lee (née Pfeiffer; 1936–2017).
[6] His parents were both from
Louisville, Kentucky,
[7] and had English, German, and Irish ancestry.
[8][9] Cruise has three sisters named Lee Anne, Marian, and Cass. One of his cousins,
William Mapother, is also an actor who has appeared alongside Cruise in five films.
[10] Cruise grew up in near poverty and had a Catholic upbringing. He later described his father as "a merchant of chaos",
[11] a "bully", and a "coward" who beat his children. He elaborated, "[My father] was the kind of person where, if something goes wrong, they kick you. It was a great lesson in my life—how he'd lull you in, make you feel safe and then, bang! For me, it was like, 'There's something wrong with this guy. Don't trust him. Be careful around him.'"
[11]
In total, Cruise attended 15 schools in 14 years.
[12] Cruise spent part of his childhood in Canada; when his father took a job as a defense consultant with the
Canadian Armed Forces, his family moved in late 1971 to
Beacon Hill, Ottawa.
[13] He attended the new
Robert Hopkins Public School for his fourth and fifth grade education.
[13][14] He first became involved in drama in fourth grade, under drama teacher George Steinburg. He and six other boys put on an improvised play to music called
IT at the Carleton Elementary School drama festival.
[13] Drama organizer Val Wright was in the audience and later said that "the movement and improvisation were excellent ... a classic ensemble piece."
[13] In sixth grade, Cruise went to
Henry Munro Middle School in Ottawa. That year, his mother left his father, taking Cruise and his sisters back to the United States.
[13] In 1978, she married Jack South.
[15]Cruise briefly took a
Catholic Churchscholarship and attended the
St. Francis Seminary in
Cincinnati, Ohio; he aspired to become a
Franciscan priest before leaving after a year. Priests at the seminary have said Cruise chose to leave the school when his family relocated again, however a fellow classmate alleges they both asked to leave after getting caught taking liquor.
[16][17]: 24–26 In his senior year of high school, he played
football for the varsity team as a
linebacker, but was cut from the squad after getting caught drinking beer before a game.
[17]: 47 He went on to star in the school's production of
Guys and Dolls.
[18] In 1980, he graduated from
Glen Ridge High School in
Glen Ridge, New Jersey.
[19]
Cruise's biological father died of cancer in 1984.
[20]
Acting career
Cruise in 1985 at a reception hosted by First Lady
Nancy Reagan at the
White House
1980s
At age 18,
[21] with the blessing of his mother and stepfather, Cruise moved to New York City to pursue an acting career.
[18] After working as a
busboy in New York, he went to Los Angeles to try out for television roles. He signed with
CAA and began acting in films.
[21] He first appeared in a
bit part in the 1981 film
Endless Love, followed by a major supporting role as a crazed military academy student in
Taps later that year. In 1983, Cruise was part of the ensemble cast of
The Outsiders. That same year he appeared in
All the Right Moves and
Risky Business, which has been described as "A
Generation X classic, and a career maker for Tom Cruise."
[22] He also played the male lead in the
Ridley Scott film
Legend, released in 1985.
[23] By 1986's
Top Gun, his status as a
superstar had been cemented.
[24]
Tom Cruise at the 61st
Academy Awards in 1989
Cruise followed up
Top Gun with
Martin Scorsese's
The Color of Money (1986), which came out the same year, and which paired him with
Paul Newman. Their chemistry won praise among critics with
The Washington Postwriting, "One of the subtle achievements of both Cruise's and Newman's performances is that you feel that both of them are genuinely top-notch pool hustlers".
[25] In 1988, Cruise starred in
Cocktail, a film that was a box office success but failed with critics. His performance earned him a nomination for the
Razzie Award for Worst Actor. Later that year he starred with
Dustin Hoffman in
Barry Levinson's
Rain Man, which won the
Academy Award for Best Film and Cruise the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor.
In 1989, Cruise portrayed real-life paralyzed
Vietnam War veteran
Ron Kovic in
Oliver Stone's war epic
Born on the Fourth of July. Film critic
Roger Ebert of the
Chicago Sun-Times wrote, "Nothing Cruise has done will prepare you for what he does in
Born on the Fourth of July ... His performance is so good that the movie lives through it. Stone is able to make his statement with Cruise's face and voice and doesn't need to put everything into the dialogue."
[26] The performance earned him a
Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, the
Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor, the
People's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture Actor, a nomination for
BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, and Cruise's first Best Actor Academy Award nomination.
1990s
Cruise's next films were
Days of Thunder(1990) and
Far and Away (1992), both of which co-starred then-wife
Nicole Kidman as his love interest, followed by the
legal thriller The Firm, which was a critical and commercial success. In 1994, Cruise starred along with
Brad Pitt,
Antonio Banderas and
Christian Slater in
Neil Jordan's
Interview with the Vampire, a gothic drama/horror film that was based on
Anne Rice's
best-selling novel. The film was well-received, although Rice was initially quite outspoken in her criticism of Cruise having been cast in the film, as
Julian Sands was her first choice. Upon seeing the film, however, she paid $7,740 for a two-page ad in
Daily Varietypraising his performance and apologizing for her previous doubts about him.
[27]
In 1996, Cruise appeared as superspy
Ethan Hunt in the reboot of
Mission: Impossible, which he produced. The film was directed by
Brian De Palma and was a box office success, although it received criticism regarding the Jim Phelps character being a villain despite being a protagonist of the original television series.
[28]Film critic Stephen Holden of
The New York Times praised Cruise's performance, declaring "Tom Cruise has found the perfect superhero character on which to graft his breathlessly gung-ho screen personality."
[29] In the same year, Cruise took on the title role in
Cameron Crowe's
sports drama Jerry Maguire playing a
sports agent in search of love. He stars opposite
Renee Zellweger, and
Cuba Gooding Jr. The film was a massive financial success with Cruise earning a
Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedyand his second nomination for an
Academy Award for Best Actor.
In 1999, Cruise costarred with Kidman in
Stanley Kubrick's
erotic and
psychological drama film
Eyes Wide Shut. Peter Bradshaw of
The Guardian praised both Cruise and Kidman on their performances writing, "Cruise in particular lays himself open in that fiercely committed way that he tries everything as an actor".
[30] That same year he took a rare
supporting role, as a motivational speaker, Frank T.J. Mackey, in
Paul Thomas Anderson's
Magnolia (1999).
Rolling Stone film critic Peter Travers heaped praise on Cruise writing, "Cruise is a revelation, fully deserving of the shower of superlatives coming his way ... Cruise seethes with the chaotic energy of a wounded animal – he's devastating."
[31] For his performance he received another
Golden Globe and nomination for an
Academy Award.
2000s
In 2000, Cruise returned as Ethan Hunt in the second installment of the
Mission Impossiblefilms,
Mission: Impossible 2. The film was helmed by Hong Kong director
John Woo and branded with his
gun fu style; it continued the series' success at the box office, taking in $547 million worldwide.
[32] Unlike its predecessor, it was the highest-grossing film of the year
[33] and had a mixed critical reception.
[34] Cruise received an
MTV Movie Award for Best Male Performance for the film.
[35]
His next five films were major critical and commercial successes.
[36][37] The following year, Cruise starred in the romantic thriller
Vanilla Sky (2001) with
Cameron Diaz and
Penélope Cruz. In 2002, Cruise starred in the
dystopian science fiction action film
Minority Report, which was directed by
Steven Spielberg and based on the science fiction short story by
Philip K. Dick.
Cruise at the 2007
London Film Festival for the premiere of
Lions for Lambs
In 2003, he starred in
Edward Zwick's period action drama
The Last Samurai, for which he received a Golden Globe nomination for best actor.
[38] In 2004, Cruise received critical acclaim for his performance as Vincent in
Collateral. The critical consensus states that "Driven by director
Michael Mann's trademark visuals and a lean, villainous performance from Tom Cruise,
Collateral is a stylish and compelling noir thriller."
[39] In 2005, Cruise worked again with Steven Spielberg in
War of the Worlds, a loose adaptation of the
H. G. Wells novel of the same name, which became the fourth highest-grossing film of the year with US$591.4 million worldwide.
[40] Also in 2005, he was a nominee for the People's Choice Award for Favorite Male Movie Star
[41]and the winner of the MTV Generation Award.
[42] Cruise was nominated for seven
Saturn Awards between 2002 and 2009, winning once. Nine of the ten films he starred in during the decade made over $100 million at the box office.
[36]
In 2006, he returned to his role as Ethan Hunt in the third installment of the
Mission Impossible film series,
Mission: Impossible III. The film was more positively received by critics than the previous films in the series, and grossed nearly $400 million at the box office.
[43] In 2007, Cruise took a rare supporting role for the second time in
Lions for Lambs, which was a commercial disappointment. This was followed by an unrecognizable appearance as "Les Grossman" in the 2008 comedy
Tropic Thunder with
Ben Stiller,
Jack Black, and
Robert Downey Jr. This performance earned Cruise a
Golden Globe nomination.
[38] Cruise played the central role in the historical thriller
Valkyrie released on December 25, 2008, to box office success.
[44]
2010s
In March 2010, Cruise completed filming the action-comedy
Knight and Day, in which he re-teamed with former costar Cameron Diaz; the film was released on June 23, 2010.
[45] On February 9, 2010, Cruise confirmed that he would star in
Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol, the fourth installment in the
Mission: Impossible series. The film was released in December 2011
[46] to high critical acclaim
[47]and box office success.
[48] Unadjusted for ticket price inflation, it was Cruise's biggest commercial success to that date.
[49]
Cruise at the 2013
San Diego Comic Con
On May 6, 2011, Cruise was awarded a humanitarian award from the
Simon Wiesenthal Center and its
Museum of Tolerance for his work as a dedicated philanthropist.
[50] In mid-2011, Cruise started shooting the movie
Rock of Ages (2012), in which he played the fictional character
Stacee Jaxx. The film was released in June 2012 and was a rare box-office misstep for Cruise.
[51] Cruise however received positive reviews for his performance with
Variety's film critic Justin Chang writing, "Channeling the likes of
Axl Rose and
Keith Richards with his tattoos, heavy furs and even heavier eyeshadow, Cruise clearly relishes the opportunity to play against type even as he sends up his world's-biggest-movie-star identity, displaying a cock-of-the-rock strut that viewers haven't seen since his turn in
Magnolia."
[52]
Cruise starred as
Jack Reacher in the
film adaptation of British author
Lee Child's 2005 novel
One Shot. The film was released on December 21, 2012.
[53] It met with positive reviews from critics and was a box office success grossing $217 million worldwide.
[54][55] In 2013, he starred in the science fiction film
Oblivion based on director
Joseph Kosinski's graphic novel of the same name. The film met with mixed reviews and grossed $286 million worldwide. It also starred
Morgan Freeman and
Olga Kurylenko.
[56][57] In 2014, Cruise starred in the science fiction-action film
Edge of Tomorrow, which received positive reviews
[58] and grossed over $370 million.
[59]
In 2015, Cruise returned as Ethan Hunt in the fifth installment of the
Mission: Impossibleseries,
Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation, which he also produced.
[60] Returning cast members included
Simon Pegg as Benji and
Jeremy Renner as William Brandt, with
Christopher McQuarrie as director. The film earned high critical acclaim
[61] and was a commercial success.
[62] Cruise starred in the 2017 reboot of
Boris Karloff's 1932 horror movie
The Mummy.
[63] The new film, also titled
The Mummy received negative reviews and flopped at the box office.
[64][65] In 2018, Cruise again reprised Ethan Hunt, in the sixth film in his franchise,
Mission: Impossible – Fallout. The film was more positively received by critics than the previous films in the series, and grossed over $791 million at the box office.
[66][67] Unadjusted for ticket price inflation, it was Cruise's biggest commercial success to date.
[2]
2020s
In May 2020, it was reported that Cruise would be starring in and producing a movie shot in
outer space.
[68] Doug Liman would be directing, writing, and co-producing. Both will fly to the
International Space Station as part of a future
Axiom Space mission in a
SpaceXDragon 2 spacecraft.
[69]
In May 2021, Cruise protested against the
Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) by returning all three of his Golden Globe Awards in light of controversy surrounding the HFPA,
[70] particularly its lack of diversity, specifically no black members, and ethical questions related to financial benefits to some of its members.
[71]
In 2022, Cruise reprised his role as
Captain Pete "Maverick" Mitchell in
Top Gun: Maverick, a film which he also executive produced. The film premiered at the
Cannes Film Festivalwhere Cruise earned an
Honorary Palme d'Or.
[72] The film was released to widespread critical praise, with many reviewers deeming it superior to its predecessor.
[73] The film broke several box office records upon its release; earning over $1 billion, becoming the highest-grossing film of his career.
[74] Cruise earned $100 million for the film, when combining ticket sales, his salary, and his cut of home entertainment rentals and streaming revenues.
[75]
Production
Cruise partnered with his former talent agent
Paula Wagner to form
Cruise/Wagner Productions in 1993,
[76] and the company has since co-produced several of Cruise's films, the first being
Mission: Impossible in 1996 which was also Cruise's first project as a producer.
Cruise in 2016
Cruise is noted as having negotiated some of the most lucrative film deals in Hollywood, and was described in 2005 by Hollywood economist
Edward Jay Epstein as "one of the most powerful – and richest – forces in Hollywood." Epstein argues that Cruise is one of the few producers (the others being
George Lucas,
Steven Spielberg and
Jerry Bruckheimer) who are regarded as able to guarantee the success of a billion-dollar film franchise. Epstein also contends that the public obsession with Cruise's tabloid controversies obscures full appreciation of Cruise's exceptional commercial prowess.
[77]
Cruise/Wagner Productions, Cruise's film production company, is said to be developing a screenplay based on
Erik Larson's
New York Times bestseller
The Devil in the White Cityabout a real-life serial killer,
H. H. Holmes, at Chicago's
World's Columbian Exposition.
Kathryn Bigelow is attached to the project to produce and helm. Meanwhile,
Leonardo DiCaprio's production company,
Appian Way, is also developing a film about Holmes and the
World's Fair, in which DiCaprio will star.
[78]
Cruise has produced several films in which he appeared. He produced
Mission: Impossible,
Without Limits,
Mission: Impossible 2,
The Others,
Vanilla Sky and many others.
[79]
Break with Paramount
On August 22, 2006,
Paramount Picturesannounced it was ending its 14-year relationship with Cruise. In
The Wall Street Journal, chairman of
Viacom (Paramount's parent company)
Sumner Redstone cited the economic damage to Cruise's value as an actor and producer from his controversial public behavior and views.
[80][81] Cruise/Wagner Productions responded that Paramount's announcement was a face-saving move after the production company had successfully sought alternative financing from
private equityfirms.
[82]
Industry analysts such as Edward Jay Epstein commented that the real reason for the split was most likely Paramount's discontent over Cruise/Wagner's exceptionally large share of DVD sales from the
Mission: Impossiblefranchise.
[83][84]
Management of United Artists
In November 2006, Cruise and Paula Wagner announced that they had taken over the film studio
United Artists.
[76] Cruise acts as a producer and star in films for United Artists, while Wagner serves as UA's chief executive.
Production began in 2007 of
Valkyrie, a thriller based on the July 20, 1944, assassination attempt against
Adolf Hitler. The film was acquired in March 2007 by United Artists. On March 21, 2007, Cruise signed to play
Claus von Stauffenberg, the
protagonist. This project marked the second production to be greenlighted since Cruise and Wagner took control of United Artists. The first was its inaugural film,
Lions for Lambs, directed by
Robert Redford and starring Redford,
Meryl Streep and Cruise.
Lambs was released on November 9, 2007,[
citation needed] opening to unimpressive box office revenue and critical reception.
In August 2008, Wagner stepped down from her position at United Artists; she retains her stake in UA, which combined with Cruise's share amounts to 30 percent of the studio.
[85]
Return to Paramount
Cruise began working with Paramount again as a producer and star with
Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol without Wagner which was a critical and commercial success. He and Wagner would collaborate again on the modestly successful
Jack Reacher series, also for Paramount.[
citation needed]
Personal life
Relationships
Cruise splits his time between homes in
Beverly Hills, California;
[86] Clearwater, Florida;
[87] and the South of England where Cruise has lived in various places including
Central London,
Dulwich,
[88] East Grinstead,
[89] and
Biggin Hill.
[90]
In the early-to-mid-1980s, Cruise had relationships with
Melissa Gilbert,
[91] Rebecca De Mornay,
[92] Patti Scialfa,
[93] and
Cher.
[94]
Cruise and
Mimi Rogers at the 1989 Oscars
Cruise married actress
Mimi Rogers on May 9, 1987.
[95] They divorced on February 4, 1990. Rogers had grown up in
Scientology and was one of its '
auditors';
[96] they met when Cruise became one of her clients.
[97] In a 1993
Playboy interview, Rogers discussed her split from Cruise and said that he had been considering becoming a monk, which affected their intimacy.
[98] Rogers later retracted the comments and claimed she had been misinterpreted.
[99][100]
Cruise met his second wife, actress
Nicole Kidman, on the set of their film
Days of Thunder (1990). The couple married on December 24, 1990. They adopted two children: Isabella Jane (born 1992) and Connor Antony (born 1995). In February 2001, Cruise filed for divorce from Kidman while she was unknowingly pregnant. The pregnancy seemingly ended in a miscarriage, but in 2007, Kidman clarified the rumors by explaining that she had actually had an
ectopic pregnancy.
[101]
Cruise was next romantically linked with
Penélope Cruz, his co-star in
Vanilla Sky(2001). Their three-year relationship ended in 2004.
[102] An article in the October 2012 issue of
Vanity Fair stated that several sources have said that after the breakup with Cruz, Scientologist leaders launched a secret project to find Cruise a new girlfriend. According to those sources, a series of "auditions" of Scientologist actresses resulted in a short-lived relationship with Iranian-British actress
Nazanin Boniadi, who subsequently left Scientology.
[103] Scientology and Cruise's lawyers issued strongly worded denials and threatened to sue, accusing
Vanity Fair of "shoddy journalism" and "religious bigotry".
[104] Journalist
Roger Friedman later reported that he received an email from director and ex-Scientologist
Paul Haggis confirming the story.
[105][106]
Cruise with his then-wife
Katie Holmes in May 2009
In April 2005, Cruise began dating actress
Katie Holmes. On April 27 that year, Cruise and Holmes—dubbed
TomKat by the media—made their first public appearance together in
Rome.
[107] A month later, Cruise publicly declared his love for Holmes on
The Oprah Winfrey Show; he jumped on Winfrey's yellow couch and stood there.
[108] Media coverage at the time implied that Oprah was somewhat taken aback by Cruise's outburst, which distracted from the intended promotion of Cruise's current film,
War of the Worlds.[
citation needed] On October 6, 2005, Cruise and Holmes announced they were expecting a child.
[109] In April 2006, their daughter Suri was born. On November 18, Holmes and Cruise were married at the 15th-century
Odescalchi Castle in
Bracciano, in a Scientologist ceremony attended by many Hollywood stars.
[110][111] Their publicists said the couple had "officialized" their marriage in Los Angeles the day before the Italian ceremony.
[112] There has been widespread speculation that their marriage was arranged by the Church of Scientology.
[113][114] David Miscavige, the head of Scientology, served as Cruise's best man.
[115] On June 29, 2012, Holmes filed for divorce from Cruise.
[116][117]On July 9, the couple signed a divorce settlement worked out by their lawyers.
[118]New York law requires all divorce documents remain sealed, so the exact terms of the settlement are not publicly available.
[119] Cruise stated that ex-wife Katie Holmes divorced him in part to protect the couple's daughter Suri from Scientology and that Suri is no longer a practicing member of the organization.
[120]
Scientology
Cruise was converted to Scientology by his first wife
Mimi Rogers in 1986, becoming an outspoken advocate for the
Church of Scientology in the 2000s. His involvement in the organization was leaked by the tabloid
Starin 1990, and he publicly admitted to following Scientology in a 1992 interview with
Barbara Walters. According to the book
Inside Scientology: The Story of America's Most Secretive Religion by
Janet Reitman, seven years after Cruise started studying Scientology, the organization's leaders promised to share Scientology secrets, such as the prophet
Xenu. According to Reitman's book, Cruise "freaked out" and took a step back.
[121] He removed himself from the Church and worked on the film
Eyes Wide Shut until 1999 when David Miscavige sent
Marty Rathbun to successfully "retrieve" Cruise and convince him to continue training.
[121] Cruise had become a full-on zealot after a couple of years.
[121] Cruise is friends with the Scientology organization's chairman David Miscavige.
[122] Cruise struggled with
dyslexiaat an early age
[123] and has said that Scientology, specifically the
L. Ron HubbardStudy Tech, helped him overcome dyslexia.
[124]
Advocacy
In addition to promoting various programs that introduce people to Scientology, Cruise has campaigned for Scientology to be afforded the status of a religion in Europe. In 2005, the
Council of Paris revealed that Cruise had lobbied French Interior Minister
Nicolas Sarkozy and Senate President
Jean-Claude Gaudin. They described him as a militant spokesman for Scientology, and barred any further dealings with him.
[125][126] He lobbied British Prime Minister
Tony Blair to recognize the Scientology organization as a
tax-exempt nonprofit organization in the United Kingdom.[
citation needed] In the United States, he convinced
Bush administration officials Deputy Secretary of State
Richard Armitage and Vice Presidential Chief of Staff
Scooter Libby to oppose the
non-recognition of Scientology in Germany in 2003.[
citation needed] In 2004, he met Secretary of Education
Rod Paige about endorsing Scientologist education methods as part of
No Child Left Behind.[
citation needed]
Cruise co-founded and raised donations for
Downtown Medical to offer New York City
9/11rescue workers
detoxification therapy based on the works of L. Ron Hubbard. This drew criticism from medical professionals
[127] and firefighters.
[128] For such activities, Scientology leader David Miscavige created the Scientology Freedom Medal of Valor and awarded it to Cruise in late 2004.
[129] Former Scientologist
Paul Haggis also claimed that Cruise attempted to convert celebrities such as
James Packer,
Victoria and
David Beckham,
Jada Pinkett and
Will Smith, and
Steven Spielberg to Scientology.
[122]
Controversies
Criticism of psychiatry
In January 2004, Cruise made the controversial statement: "I think
psychiatry should be outlawed."
[130] Further controversy ensued in 2005, when he criticized actress
Brooke Shields for using the drug
Paxil (paroxetine), an
antidepressant which she used to recover from
postpartum depression after the birth of her first daughter in 2003. Cruise asserted that there is no such thing as a chemical imbalance and that psychiatry is a form of
pseudoscience. In response, Shields argued that Cruise "should stick to saving the world from aliens and let women who are experiencing postpartum depression decide what treatment options are best for them."
[131] This led to a heated argument between Cruise and
Matt Lauer on NBC's
Today on June 24, 2005.
[132]
Medical authorities view Cruise's comments as furthering the social stigma of mental illness.
[133] From
The Lancet, "He may be right that psychotropic drugs are overused, sometimes misused; and that lifestyle changes (and exercise for depression) can be helpful. But he is wrong, as a celebrity, to add to the burden of those with a mental illness, who often fear seeking or continuing treatment because of the stigma still attached to their condition."
[133]Shields called Cruise's comments "a disservice to mothers everywhere."
[134] In late August 2006, Cruise apologized in person to Shields for his comments.
[135]
Scientology is well known for its
opposition to mainstream psychiatry and
psychoactive drugsthat are routinely prescribed for treatment.
[129]It was reported that Cruise's anti-psychiatry actions led to a rift with director Steven Spielberg.
[136] Spielberg had reportedly mentioned in Cruise's presence the name of a doctor friend who prescribed psychiatric medication. Shortly thereafter, the doctor's office was
picketed by Scientologists, reportedly angering Spielberg.
[137]
YouTube video removal
Main article:
Project Chanology § Tom Cruise video
On January 15, 2008, a video produced by the Church of Scientology featuring an interview with Cruise was posted on YouTube by the
Anonymous-linked group
Project Chanology, showing Cruise discussing what being a Scientologist means to him.
[138][139] The Church of Scientology said the video had been "pirated and edited", and was taken from a three-hour video produced for members of Scientology.
[139][140] YouTube removed the Cruise video from their site under threat of litigation.
[141]
After YouTube investigated this claim, they found that the video did not breach copyright law, as it is covered by the
fair use clause. It was subsequently reinstated on the site, and as of June 2020, the video has achieved over 15 million views. YouTube has declined to remove it again, due to the popularity of the video, and subsequent changes to copyright policy of the website.
[142]
Purported influence
In March 2004, his publicist of 14 years, Pat Kingsley, resigned. Cruise's next publicist was Lee Anne DeVette, his sister, who was herself a Scientologist. She served in that role until November 2005.
[143] DeVette was replaced with Paul Bloch from the publicity firm
Rogers and Cowan.
[144] Such restructuring was seen as a move to curtail publicity of his views on Scientology, as well as the controversy surrounding his relationship with Katie Holmes.
[145][146]
Lawrence Wright's 2013 book
Going Clear: Scientology and the Prison of Belief and
Alex Gibney's
2015 television documentary adaptation of the same name cast a spotlight on Cruise's role in Scientology. The book and the film both allege that the Scientology organization groomed romantic partners for Cruise and that Cruise used
Sea Org and
Rehabilitation Project Force workers as a source of free labor.
[147][122] In the film, Cruise's former auditor Marty Rathbun claims that wife
Nicole Kidman was wiretapped on Cruise's suggestion, which Cruise's lawyer denies.
[148][149] Cruise's ex-girlfriend Nazanin Boniadi later compared the Scientology organization's auditioning of women to date Cruise and experiences with him to "
white slavery."
[150]
Filmography
Main article:
Tom Cruise filmography
Awards and legacy
See also:
List of awards and nominations received by Tom Cruise
Cruise's star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame
Cruise's handprints in
Leicester Square, London
In 2006,
Premiere ranked Cruise as Hollywood's most powerful actor,
[151] as Cruise came in at number 13 on the magazine's 2006 Power List, being the highest ranked actor.
[152]The same year,
Forbes magazine ranked him as the world's most powerful celebrity.
[153] The founder of
CinemaScore in 2016 cited Cruise and
Leonardo DiCaprio as the "two stars, it doesn't matter how bad the film is, they can pull [the box office] up."
[154][155]
October 10, 2006, was declared "Tom Cruise Day" in Japan; the Japan Memorial Day Association said that he was awarded with a special day because of "his love for and close association with Japan."
[156]
While reviewing
Days of Thunder, film critic
Roger Ebert noted the similarities between several of Cruise's 1980s films and nicknamed the formula the "Tom Cruise Picture".
[157] Ebert listed nine key ingredients that make up the Tom Cruise Picture: the Cruise character, the mentor, the superior woman, the craft he must hone, the arena it takes place in, the arcana or knowledge he must learn, the trail or journey, the proto enemy, and the eventual enemy of the character. Some of Cruise's later films like
A Few Good Men and
The Last Samurai can also be considered to be part of this formula.
Widescreenings compares two of these Cruise characters in an article on the film
A Few Good Men,
[screenwriter]
Aaron Sorkininterestingly takes the opposite approach of
Top Gun, where Cruise also starred as the protagonist. In
Top Gun, Cruise plays Mitchell who is a 'hot shot' military underachiever who makes mistakes because he is trying to outperform his late father. Where Maverick Mitchell needs to rein in the discipline, Daniel Kaffee needs to let it go, finally see what he can do.
[158]
Cruise is an
aerobatic pilot, and was inducted as part of the
Living Legends of Aviation in 2010, receiving the Aviation Inspiration and Patriotism Award from the Kiddie Hawk Air Academy. In addition to other aircraft, Cruise owns a
P-51 Mustang.
[159]
Litigation
In 1998, Cruise successfully sued the
Daily Express, a British tabloid which alleged that his marriage to Kidman was a
sham designed to cover up his homosexuality.
[160]
In May 2001, Cruise filed a lawsuit against
gay porn actor Chad Slater. Slater had told the celebrity magazine
Actustar that he had been involved in an affair with Cruise. This claim was strongly denied by Cruise,
[161] and Slater was later ordered to pay $10 million to Cruise in damages after Slater declared he could not afford to defend himself against the suit and would therefore default. Cruise requested a default judgment and, in January 2003, a Los Angeles judge decided against Slater after the porn actor said that his story was false.
[162][163]
Cruise also sued
Bold Magazine publisher Michael Davis for $100 million, because Davis had alleged (though never confirmed) that he had video that would prove Cruise was gay. The suit was dropped in exchange for a public statement by Davis that the video was not of Cruise, and that Cruise was heterosexual.
[164]
In 2006, Cruise sued
cybersquatter Jeff Burgar to obtain control of the TomCruise.com domain name. When owned by Burgar, the domain redirected to information about Cruise on Celebrity1000.com. The decision to turn TomCruise.com over to Cruise was handed down by the
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) on July 5, 2006.
[165]
In 2009, Michael Davis Sapir filed a suit charging that his phone had been wiretapped at Cruise's behest. That suit was dismissed by a Central Civil West court judge in Los Angeles on the grounds that the
statute of limitationshad expired on Sapir's claim.
[166][167]
In October 2012, Cruise filed a lawsuit against
In Touch and
Life & Style magazines for
defamation after they claimed Cruise had "abandoned" his six-year-old daughter.
[168]During deposition, Cruise testified that due to his work load 110 days had passed without his seeing her. The suit was ultimately settled between the two parties.
[169][170]
See also
References
K8) Temple Of
“Holy King Hitman 48” (80%
14th Maergzjirah Blighted Lord Varaibim Hau Cheong + 20%
Imperial “Holy Robohyuk” Korea King “Hitman 48” Tom Iweko Robohyuk)
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Temple Of “Holy Vatican” Church
K7) Temple Of
“Flora” (80%
14th Maergzjirah Blighted Lord Varaibim Hau Cheong + 20%
Imperial “Holy Robohyuk” Korea King “Hitman 48” Tom Iweko Robohyuk)
“Flora” New European Korea “Holy Robohyuk” Far Eastern Federal District Northeast China Manchuria Heilongjiang Jilin Liaoning -
Temple Of “Holy Vatican” Church
K6) Temple Of
“Holy Robohyuk” Reborn Nobi
“HCI Hyuk’s Characters Imaginations HG Hyuk’s GodBodies HI Hyuk’s Imaginations HH Hyuk’s Healers” (80%
14th Maergzjirah Blighted Lord Varaibim Hau Cheong + 2%
Imperial “Holy Robohyuk” Korea Emperor “True Primordial Rainbow Bagua-Tao Eight Trigrams” Sorcerer Supreme Holy Vatican Church Augustus Taewang Caesar God-King “H” Agamotto Hyuk Coake Christ Cheong Tribunal Tiger Robohyuk + 2%
Imperial “Holy Robohyuk” Korea Empress “True Primordial Black Yin-Tao” Sorceress Supreme Holy Vatican Church Origin Infinite “Anti-Yin” God-Queen “H” Elaine Hyuk Coake Christ Cheong Tribunal Tiger Robohyuk + 2%
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Imperial “Holy Robohyuk” Korea King “V” Christ Cheong Robohyuk + 2%
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“Superboy” Bru-El Kent Robohyuk)
“H-Harem” New European Korea “Holy Robohyuk” Far Eastern Federal District Northeast China Manchuria Heilongjiang Jilin Liaoning -
Temple Of “Holy Vatican” Church
- Class 1 Reborn Nobi 1-20 (Non-Humanoids Female Humanoids HH Hyuk’s Healers VH V’s Healers HI Hyuk’s Imaginations VI V’s Imaginations HG Hyuk’s GodBodies VG V’s GodBodies
HCI Hyuk’s Characters Imaginations VCI V’s Characters Imaginations)
- Class 2 Reborn Nobi 21-40 (Male Humanoids HCI Hyuk’s Characters Imaginations)
- Class 3 Reborn Nobi 41-60 (True Allies Winners Male Humanoids VCI V’s Characters Imaginations)
- Class 4 Reborn Nobi 61-80 (True Allies Losers Male Humanoids VCI V’s Characters Imaginations)
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- Class 6 Reborn Nobi 101-120 (Judge Jervis Jest - V Vendetta - Doji Hantei -
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“Hitman 48”
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H48
BW
GT
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