Russian & Chinese Navy laughing at US Navy Submarines, too noisy can be detected easlily.. because... ROTTEN KOYAK! No$$$NoRepair!!

[tun_dr_m]

https://www.popularmechanics.com/mi...s-are-still-shedding-their-rubber-like-skins/
Navy Subs Can't Stop Losing Their Noise-Dampening Skins
Designed to deaden noise, flaps of the rubbery material are falling off at sea.

By Kyle Mizokami

Mar 7, 2017

U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Michael H. Lee







The U.S. Navy's Virginia-class submarines are the most advanced submarines in the world. Nuclear-powered and capable of launching cruise missiles and torpedoes, they're formidable underwater opponents. But they still haven't licked one problem: Their rubber coatings are falling off.


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The Honolulu Star Advertiser has an article about the return of the Virginia-class sub USS Mississippi to its homeport of Pearl Harbor. In the photo accompanying the article, the five year old Mississippi is missing large amounts of the coating, called Special Hull Treatment (SHT), which appears have peeled away while the sub was at sea. The photo is viewable here.
The key to a submarine's survival is evading detection. One way U.S. Navy submarines evade detection is by lowering their noise profile. So-called anechoic coatings consist of rubber tiles that are affixed to the hull with glue, coating as much of it as possible. The rubber tiles break up sound waves that bounce against the hull, reducing the submarine's acoustic signature and making it more difficult to detect via sonar. They also deaden sound emanating from inside the submarine.
The problem, according to naval expert Norman Polmar, is the glue that affixes the tiling to the hull. The glue is exposed to a wide variety of environmental conditions, including big temperature swings as well as the pressures of operating at 1,000 feet beneath the surface. The friction of moving underwater tugs at the coating, and running into objects contributes to it gradually sloughing off.
The SHT problem first surfaced in the civilian world in 2010, when the blog NextNavy brought the issue to light. The Navy has been aware of the issue since 2006 and has been trying to fix it. A 2014 article by the Navy Metalworking Center claimed it had developed an improved process that would go on new submarines starting in 2018, and retrofitted to older subs in 2016. It is not known if Mississippi had received the new coating process.







http://nextnavy.com/the-virginia-peel-why-are-2-billion-dollar-subs-losing-their-skin/


The Virginia Peel: Why are $2 Billion Dollar Subs Losing Their Skin?
by admin on November 7, 2013


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Submarines rely on stealth. And American Virginia Class submarines are considered the quietest, safest subs on the planet–it’s how the U.S. Navy justifies spending about $2 billion dollars for each of the two boats the nation wants to build every year.

So…who would expect that the pricey subs–the foundation of America’s dominance under the seas–would suffer from a congenital skin problem? The Virginia’s sub skin, an innovative, cost-saving Mold-in-Place Special Hull Treatment (MIP/SHT), is failing–and it has been failing for years.

Look, I like the Virginias. The boats are nuclear-powered technological marvels, each capable of launching missiles and raining precision munitions on far-away targets. But we seem to have scrimped a bit on testing and de-bugging the special hull treatment–for those who don’t know, the MIP/SHT is the rubbery-ish insulation that helps the boat evade sonar, stay silent and, ultimately, survive. But the only problem is the hull treatment doesn’t stick to multi-billion-dollar hull. It comes off. In sheets.

I have written about this since late 2010. Here’s USS Texas, back in 2010:



Now, knowing the Virginias are peeling, it is quite funny to watch this week as folks decry the “minor” acoustic penalty imposed by the addition of the capability-enhancing Virginia Payload Module. You see, the Virginia Payload Module introduces a small “hump” in the sub–and the “hump”, by introducing complex currents, can make the ship a little easier to find. Cue hand-wringing, right? I mean it–I know for a fact that some Congressional Appropriators are gonna use this issue to keep the potentially ballistic-missile-ready VPM at bay until they can guarantee funds for a far more expensive–and, I suppose, humpless–SSBN.

Heck, I might even join the chorus of nay-sayers too–that is, if the current boats weren’t already swimming out of their protective coating, returning from a few days–DAYS (!!)–of deployment sporting noise-generating tears (flappers and bangers) and showing bare, active-sonar-loving metal. Some return so tattered that they look like old Soviet subs from the dying days of the Cold War. So, with the SHT/MIP suffering such dramatic failures, what’s a little extra hump-driven hydrodynamic perturbation?

Folks, flappers and bangers make noise. And if we’re going to make a program-delaying issue of the sound generated by the Virginia Payload Module, we darn well had best be treating the noise generated by the “Virginia Peel” in similar fashion. These hull treatment failures may not matter now–as we employ Virginias in Pirate Hunting or other low-risk ISR work, but, in a shooting war, that extra bit of current or loose bit of ripping SHT/MIP could be a matter of life or death.

Even the newest subs are having problems. Here’s the newly-delivered PCU Minnesota in August 2013, a mere two months post-sea trials, sporting her brand-new acoustic penalty:



And here’s USS Missouri (SSN 780) leaving port in June of 2013 for a deployment. Notice the rust? And just think about the interesting hydrodynamics going on back there…



Obviously, we have yet to solve the problem. It’s a known issue. DOT&E wrote about this three years ago. I picked it up, and detailed some of the more dramatic MIP/SHT failures here. The story then got advanced by Peter Frost in a Norfolk paper, where he summed up the issue nicely:

The specialized hull coating is designed to be “anechoic,” or able to absorb waves of active sonar so it does not bounce back to the ship or sub emitting the signal. It’s a crucial component to the stealth of the so-called “silent service,” making the sub more difficult to detect by adversaries.
Missing coating could diminish that effect, but the larger concern is the sound water makes as it flows over an uneven surface, said Norman Polmar, a naval analyst and author who has written about submarines.
“When pieces of the hull coating fall off, the sub gets noisier because it interrupts the water flow over the hull,” Polmar said. “When you put more noise in the water, you’re easier to detect.”

The Virginia Program Office, after getting a bit confused about when they actually identified the issue (either in 2006 or 2007), made soothing noises about how the MIP/SHT failures happened “over a period of years”. I promptly pulled out photos of the then-deployed USS Hawaii, and detailed how a localized MIP/SHT failure evolved into a far larger failure over the course of just a few days. Then Mother Jones went at the story. The Navy went into radio silence, but by early 2011, the Navy was dismissing the matter as solved, with Vice Admiral Kevin McCoy happily holding court in an interview with Peter Frost:

“Clearly we had problems on the early ships,” said Vice Adm. Kevin M. McCoy, commander of Naval Sea Systems Command, the Navy’s ship-buying and maintenance arm. “We think, for the most part, those issues are behind us.”
The loss of the specialized hull coating — designed to be “anechoic,” or able to absorb waves of active sonar so it does not bounce back to the ship or sub emitting the signal — could imperil underway submarines by making them easier to detect.
Despite those problems, McCoy insisted that the hull-coating failures have not contributed to operational issues for the submarines, saying “It’s not been a real big deal for us.”
McCoy said the Navy’s investigation revealed “no single smoking gun,” and that he’s “very confident going forward” that the Navy’s fast-attack submarines will retain the thick black coating that helps keep them silent and stealthy.
Affected submarines are being fixed during their normal dry-dock maintenance periods.

What’s frustrating is that the Minnesota’s Keel was laid a few months after this interview. After, you know, the Navy had “solved” the problem. It suggests that the Navy does not have a good handle on the root cause, or some workers someplace are not being rigorous in controlling the application process. And that is deeply, deeply distressing.

Sure, vets can tell us all about how that, in their day, huge numbers of hull-coating bricks would peel away during a single cruise. But that’s the point. A brick is a single piece–it can be replaced. The MIP/SHT on the Virginias is put into place as a largely unitary system–fixing and replacing it is hard. And expensive. And it puts sailors at risk.

So, if we’re not enduring this embarrassing hull coating failure for some secret squirrel operational reason, let’s apply some energy in fixing it. The Virginias are multi-billion-dollar assets. We’ve had several years to ID the root causes and find a fix. If we don’t have that fix yet, then slow the production line down until we actually have a solution in hand. The reason for doing this is as simple as it gets. On modern battlefields, a noisy sub is a dead sub. And that, dear readers, is unacceptable–a fact that all of us–the Navy, the sub builders and even our divided Congress–can agree on.








https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-10-10/doc-iicezzrr1173176.shtml




美最大造船厂曝丑闻：静音核潜艇几乎成了海底拖拉机

美最大造船厂曝丑闻：静音核潜艇几乎成了海底拖拉机



710

得益于最完备的水声研究体系、极高的加工精度和秘而不宣的材料学，美国核潜艇在静音性能领域始终“一骑绝尘”，领先世界其它国家不止一个身位。
但令人意想不到的是，近日美国最大军用造船公司亨廷顿-英格尔斯造船厂（HII）爆出的丑闻却显示，由于亨廷顿-英格尔斯内部的偷工减料、伪造合格认证、甚至是对质量管理人员打击报复等怪相横行，美国海军核潜艇的隔离消声瓦根本起不到作用，曾经安静的核潜艇现已和“海底拖拉机”无异。

图为美国海军弗吉尼亚号核潜艇上脱落的消声瓦外层。
具体来说，在美国海军核潜艇壳体外，还另有两层特种橡胶和泡沫塑料构成的隔离消声瓦，它们负责吸收海洋背景和主动声纳的声信号，起到增强潜艇静音性的作用。
由于安装隔离消声瓦的工作需要使用特殊和复杂的有机粘接剂，所以操作这项工作的工人也需要同样专业的培训和认证……但在过去很长一段时间里，亨廷顿-英格尔斯造船厂都放任没有认证的工人去安装隔离消声瓦，这就使得服役后的美国海军核潜艇遭遇了大麻烦。

图为亨廷顿-英格尔斯造船厂的远景，美国海军航母、两栖登陆舰、驱逐舰等装备都在此建造。
如果使用得当，配方复杂的有机粘接剂能够抵消热胀冷缩带来的影响，还能够在深水压、高航速环境下“不放手”，确保隔离消声瓦牢固粘接在艇体上。
但从2010年开始，新近服役的“弗吉尼亚”级核潜艇就频繁受到隔离消声瓦脱落问题的困扰，仅仅六个月的部署就能使得这些新型核潜艇损失数量可观的隔离消声瓦，甚至“半身不遂”。

图为入港的弗吉尼亚级“密西西比”号核潜艇，隔离消声瓦已有普遍脱落。
而从2010年至今，美国海军都一直没有从根本上解决核潜艇的隔离消声瓦脱落问题：对亨廷顿-英格尔斯造船厂的调查不了了之，因为后者伪造了职员认证记录，甚至是隔离消声瓦的合格认证，美国海军只能转向日常使用和维护来寻找原因。
但上梁不正，下梁不可能正。不论美国海军如何地勤勉维护，小心使用，出航跨洋的核潜艇依旧会出现隔离消声瓦脱落的老毛病，甚至“藕断丝连”的情况也不在少数。

图为在亨廷顿-英格尔斯整体建造后下水的“弗吉尼亚”级核潜艇。
至于这一切是如何大白于天下，那还要从一位亨廷顿-英格尔斯工程师对美国政府的告密揭发说起：因为向上级指出潜艇隔离消声瓦的安装存在质量管理问题，这位名叫阿里-劳伦斯的工程师被船厂方面归类到了“安全隐患人员”范畴，手机也被没收整整一个月。
而如排山倒海般的打击报复更是接踵而来：降薪、调职一个不少……至于他所指出的隔离消声瓦安装问题，船厂方面则始终置若罔闻。

图为停有两艘超级航母的亨廷顿-英格尔斯港区。

总的来说，对于存在多年的质量管理问题，亨廷顿-英格尔斯不仅是不闻不问，更是对“指出问题”的员工采取打击报复态度，对可能带来的恶劣后果不屑一顾。
而在如今事发之后，亨廷顿-英格尔斯还依旧能以强大律师团为后盾，声称“我们始终致力于为海军建造最好的军舰，绝不能容忍损害我们向海军交付舰船使命的行为”，其强硬态度可见一斑。
但强硬归强硬，在军工巨头无所畏惧的背后，美国海军核潜艇是否还能在水下同样强硬？树倒猢狲散的道理谁都懂，但实际执行下来往往就不是这么回事了。（作者署名：利刃军事 利刃/TONE）





The biggest shipyard exposure scandal: the silent nuclear submarine is almost a submarine tractor
The biggest shipyard exposure scandal: the silent nuclear submarine is almost a submarine tractor
710

Thanks to the most complete underwater acoustic research system, extremely high processing precision and unspoken material science, the US nuclear submarine has always been “one-of-a-kind” in the field of quiet performance, leading more than one body in other countries in the world.

Unexpectedly, the scandals of the Huntington-Ingles Shipyard (HII), the largest military shipbuilding company in the United States, have shown that the Hunting-Ingles internal cut-off, forgery certification, and even quality The management of the revenge and other grotesque, the isolation of the US Navy nuclear submarine does not play a role, the once quiet nuclear submarine is now the same as the "undersea tractor."

The picture shows the outer layer of the anechoic tile that has fallen off on the US Navy's Virginia nuclear submarine.

Specifically, in addition to the US Navy's nuclear submarine shell, there are two separate layers of special rubber and foam plastic isolation sound-absorbing tiles, which are responsible for absorbing the sound signals of the ocean background and active sonar, and enhancing the quietness of the submarine.

Since the installation of isolated anechoic tiles requires the use of special and complex organic binders, workers who work on this job also need the same professional training and certification... but for a long time, Huntington-Ingle The shipyards have left uncertified workers to install the isolation anechoic tiles, which has caused great trouble for the US Navy nuclear submarines after their service.

The picture shows the vision of the Huntington-Ingles Shipyard, where US Navy aircraft carriers, amphibious landing ships, destroyers and other equipment are built.

If used properly, the complex organic binder can offset the effects of thermal expansion and contraction. It can also “not let go” in deep water pressure and high speed environment, ensuring that the isolated sound-damping tile is firmly bonded to the hull.

However, since 2010, the recently-applied "Virginia"-class nuclear submarines have been plagued by the problem of isolation and anechoic detachment. The deployment of only six months will make these new nuclear submarines lose a considerable amount of isolation and anechoic tiles, even "half-length." ".

The picture shows the Virginia-class "Mississippi" nuclear submarine entering the port, and the isolation anechoic tiles have generally fallen off.

Since 2010, the US Navy has not fundamentally solved the problem of the isolation and elimination of the nuclear submarine. The investigation of the Huntington-Ingles Shipyard has failed because the latter forged the staff certification record, even For the certification of isolated anechoic tiles, the US Navy can only turn to daily use and maintenance to find the cause.

But the upper beam is not right, the lower beam cannot be positive. Regardless of how the US Navy is diligently maintained and carefully used, the nuclear submarines that sail across the ocean will still have the old problems of isolating the anechoic detachment, and even the situation of "smashing the wire" is not rare.

The picture shows the "Virginia" class nuclear submarine launched after Huntington-Ingles was built.

As for how this is all about the world, it is also said from a Huntington-Ingles engineer's whistle-blowing to the US government: because the superior pointed out that the installation of the submarine isolation anechoic tile has quality management problems, the name The engineer named Ali Lawrence was classified by the shipyard as a “safety hazard” and the mobile phone was confiscated for a whole month.

The revenge like the rushing out of the sea is followed by a lot of salary reductions and transfer of duties... As for the installation of the isolation anechoic tile that he pointed out, the shipyard has always turned a deaf ear.

The picture shows the Huntington-Ingles port area with two super carriers.

In general, for many years of quality management issues, Huntington-Ingles is not only ignorant, but also retaliating against the “pointing out” employees, dismissing the possible bad consequences. .

After the incident, Huntington-Ingles can still be backed by a strong lawyers team, claiming that "we are always committed to building the best warships for the Navy, and we must not tolerate damage to our mission to the Navy." ", its tough attitude can be seen.

But the toughness is tough, and behind the military giant's fearlessness, can the US Navy's nuclear submarines be as strong as underwater? Everyone knows the truth of the tree, but it is often not the case when it is actually implemented. (Author's signature: sharp blade military blade / TONE)

 

[hofmann]

Aiya, just sew the rubber pieces together la using vibranium or adamantium

 

[Ang4MohTrump]

Aiya, just sew the rubber pieces together la using vibranium or adamantium

USA can no longer cope with defense expenses. Can make ship cannot afford ammunition to fire it's guns. White Elephant! Xijinping not lending any money to bankrupted beggar USA!




https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/navy-ships/a23738/uss-zumwalt-ammo-too-expensive/






The USS Zumwalt Can't Fire Its Guns Because the Ammo Is Too Expensive
At $800,000 a round, the ammunition is simply too expensive for the Navy to afford.

By Kyle Mizokami

Nov 7, 2016

Just three weeks after commissioning the USS Zumwalt, the U.S. Navy has admitted it is canceling ammunition specially developed for the ship's high-tech gun systems because the rounds are too expensive. The guns, tailor made for the destroyer, will be unable to fire until the Navy chooses a cheaper replacement round.
The Zumwalt-class destroyers were conceived in the late 1990s as the first of a new generation of stealthy warships. The radar signature of the 610 foot long warship is that of a 50-foot fishing boat, making the Zumwalts great for getting in close to an enemy coastline and then using the 155-millimeter Advanced Gun Systems mounted on the front of the hull. The guns were designed to fire the advanced Long Range Land Attack Projectile, a GPS guided shell with a range of 60 miles.

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The result would have been a destroyer that could rain shells down on enemy targets incredible accuracy, clearing a path for U.S. Marines as they advance inland. Alternately, they could strike targets such as terrorist training camps, military bases, and other static targets. The two Advanced Gun System howitzers are fed by a magazine containing 600 rounds of ammunition, making it capable destroying hundreds of targets at a rate of up to ten per minute.
Here's how the Advanced Gun System was supposed to work.




Now the U.S. Navy is admitting that the LRLAP round is too expensive to actually purchase, leaving the nearly $4 billion dollar destroyer's guns high and dry.
According to Defense News, the LRLAP round costs $800,000—or more—each, making the rounds prohibitively expensive. The Navy blames the rise in cost on the fact that the Zumwalt class went from a planned 32 ships to just 3, drastically cutting the number of LRLAP rounds it was going to purchase.
A May report by US Naval Institute News estimated each LRLAP round to cost between $400,000 to $700,000. For context, the smaller Mk. 45 5-inch gun, standard on Navy destroyers and cruisers, fires an unguided round with a range of 21 miles. Each round costs between $1,600 and $2,200.
The LRLAP round was developed by Lockheed Martin. In 2001, the director of Lockheed's guided projectiles division claimed the LRLAP would cost "less than $50,000 each." Even factoring in inflation, the rounds have ended up costing nearly twelve times as much.
According to Defense News, the U.S. Navy is considering alternatives to LRLAP. One is the Excalibur GPS-guided artillery round. First developed for Army howitzers, contractor BAE Systems has come up with a naval version that can hit targets out to 26 miles. Excalibur costs about $68,000 each—which coincidentally is the same as Lockheed Martin's 2001 estimate for the LRLAP, adjusted for inflation.
Another option is to get rid of the Advanced Gun System entirely and go with railguns. The Navy has been planning to build the third Zumwalt-class destroyer, USS Lyndon B. Johnson, with railguns—provided the technology was mature enough. It may just be worthwhile to send the first ship back to the shipyard to be refitted with railguns, and delay the second ship so it can be fitted with railguns from the get-go.


Related Story


A third option would be to get rid of the guns and devote their space to missiles. The Zumwalt-class was developed during a period when the U.S. Navy didn't face the prospect of fighting other navies on the high seas. In a search to remain relevant, the Navy developed the Advanced Gun System, which has zero capability to target other ships. In the nearly two decades since the Zumwalt class was proposed, the Chinese and Russian Navies have undergone a period of expansion, and their respective governments have grown more aggressive.




The Zumwalt-class destroyers have only 80 vertical launch missile silos, the least of any U.S. Navy destroyer or cruiser class. Under the missiles-only alternative, the Zumwalts could swap both guns for even more silos. These silos could house SM-6 long range anti-air missiles, Evolved Sea Sparrow short range anti-air missiles, Tomahawk cruise missiles, and the new Long Range Anti-Ship Missile. Replacing the AGS with a field of silos could give the Zumwalts up to 200 missile spaces, more than any other ship in the Western world.
According to USNI News, the U.S. Navy wouldn't talk about LRLAP costs as late as last May. The Navy has known it wasn't getting 32 Zumwalt-class destroyers since 2008—the better part of a decade. Why it has taken this long to announce it would not be buying ammunition for a $22.5 billion dollar weapon system—which was specifically developed to use that ammunition—is a mystery.

 

[hofmann]

Trump is bringing financial discipline to the Navy. Good for him.

Downgrade for LMT.

 

[tanwahtiu]

Lawmakers busy making money in this problems sue manufacturer

 

[tun_dr_m]

A reminder to Singapore that DF-26 cover way beyond Singapore, no surface warships / carrier can be left floating once they are fired. They can be both nuke and conventional. Pee Sai can turn into a Mushroom Cloud by DF-26.



东风26不仅是"关岛快递" 还能载核弹头威慑南亚地区

东风26不仅是"关岛快递" 还能载核弹头威慑南亚地区



156

西方列强就怕这个：国庆阅兵威力最强的是这4款利器1/10
查看原图图集模式
国庆阅兵中国火箭军4款洲际导弹东风31AG、东风5B、巨浪2、东风41同时亮相。


（文/观察者网专栏作者 席亚洲）
“正义从不迟到”——快速反应的东风-26与东风-31AG
在国庆阅兵中，东风-26导弹再次亮相，与2015年胜利阅兵上解说词强调“具备打击大型水面舰艇目标能力”相比，这次阅兵式上关于这种导弹的解说词和字幕强调了该导弹“核常兼备”的特性。
在事情过去两年后我们也不必讳言，2017年中印边境对峙期间，我国进行了东风-26导弹的试射。当时笔者曾在文章里说我们可以用该导弹打击印度唯一能发射“烈火”导弹的卡拉姆岛试验场，从而解除印度中程导弹的威胁——如果配合前出的东风-16导弹、“翔龙”侦察机，那么印度核威慑的主要装备“大地”短程地对地导弹也会来不及发射，在它停车，加注准备发射的漫长时间里，东风-16能把它炸掉三四次吧。
我国向国际社会承诺不首先使用核武器——但是让我们设想一个极端状况：印度在卡拉姆岛上开始进行“烈火”导弹的发射准备，并且可以确定这将是向中国核心地区发射核弹头。那么携带核弹头的东-26，是要等敌人的导弹落地爆炸并造成我国巨大损失之后再进行还击吗？
这个假想问题没有成为现实，但我们仍然可以考虑。

东风-26具备快速反应能力，只要中央一声令下，可以在几分钟内将核弹头送到敌人头上

印度迄今为止唯一号称“实用化”的中程核导弹“烈火2”实际上却没有开发相应的机动发射系统，而是每次都从大家耳熟能详的卡拉姆岛发射场升空
我只能说，在最坏的情况下，东风-26至少可以在最短的时间内，对敌人施加惩戒。
作为一种核导弹，东-26和比它更大，射程更远的东风-31AG一样，主要的“亮点”在于随处能听，时刻能打，具备快速反应能力。
这种“快速反应”能力，一方面体现在这两种导弹系统总体设计上，其引导、测地、目标信息输入、弹头等各方面都进行了精心设计，来提高反应速度。
在这些系统的配合下，早期机动式导弹发射准备过程中耗时较长的校准陀螺仪、测地、目标信息输入等环节都被缩短到数分钟，甚至一分钟之内。
而且导弹本身也进行了专门的设计，自动化程度更高，发射前准备工作得以大幅度简化。

目前具备无依托发射能力的我军导弹包括东风-21D、东风-16、东风-17、东风-31AG、东风-26，这其中东-31AG、东-26和东-21D发射筒后部有大型橡胶缓冲层
而这里面从外观上能够看得出来的，具备“无依托发射”能力的导弹的特征就是发射筒后部的巨大橡胶垫子。
在1999年时登场的东风-21和东风-31导弹的发射筒后部，是三个支撑脚，来确保导弹发射筒的姿态正确，而这种支撑脚需要配合专门建造的发射阵地，阵地需要进行精确测量，具备硬化地面——这是为了简化导弹发射前的准备工作，提高反应速度——导弹发射车只要按照预设阵地上绘制的标线停好，就完成了这些准备工作。
尽管这类预设阵地可以采用很多技术手段进行隐蔽，但是毕竟其施工建造都不可避免的要暴露在强敌定时过顶的卫星之下，问题只在于他们的判读人员（当然现在可能还用上了大数据AI识别）是否注意到——也就是说这些阵地是否暴露，不是我们能控制的，事实上我们应该默认大部分预设阵地是敌方已经注意到的，他们只是不能确定导弹何时抵达阵地并进行发射而已。
必要时候，强敌甚至可以用常规弹头来攻击我方战略导弹的预设发射阵地，来破坏我方的快速报复能力。
正是因为这种危险的存在，“无依托发射”能力非常有必要——当然了，橡胶垫只是外观识别特征，而不是“无依托发射”的真正关键，所谓“功夫在幕后”嘛。
东风-26导弹在我军核威慑体系中，任务是取代东风-4导弹——传统上来说，东风-4导弹主要是部署在我国西部地区，威慑莫斯科。进入90年代后它又被部署到东南方向威慑关岛基地和亚太地区目标。而东-26，则正如我们前面提到的，在中俄背靠背战略合作关系，威慑莫斯科已经不是主要任务，不过现在我们又增加了一项威慑印度的任务——虽然网上大家开玩笑说，我们被美国上千枚弹头瞄准，不在乎多印度那一点儿，但实际上国家当然不能无视这种威胁。正好东风-26以前威慑莫斯科的部署地点，向南发射也正好可以覆盖印度大部分目标，那就省得建设新的基地了，多准备几组目标数据就是了。
东风-26毕竟是2000年后研制的新型导弹，而我国90年代耗费巨资建设规模宏大的“长城工程”所围绕的主要装备——东风-31，作为第一代机动式固体燃料洲际导弹，它的各方面性能还是比较“基础”的。东风-31导弹最初服役时射程略超过8000公里，只能覆盖美国西海岸部分地区，其“红岩“牵引车的越野性能也近乎没有，快速反应能力较差。因此只能依托”长城工程“进行部署，依靠地下掩体保证生存性，而发射则要依靠掩体周围多个真真假假的预筑发射阵地，目标数据也是事先装订。

“长城工程”地下掩体设施一角
在2009年国庆阅兵上展示的东风-31A导弹，相比东风-31增加了射程，其射程已经达到了一万多公里，可以从我国东北地区发射攻击美国纽约、华盛顿等要害目标。不过其生存性、灵活性，快速反应能力并无本质提高。
而东-31AG正是为了解决这一问题而设计，它采用了与东-41同系列的8轴重型越野发射车，具备无依托发射能力。
对于东-31AG来说，“长城工程”掩体已经只是一个“车库”，战时它将在我国西北、东北的莽莽雪原、丛林戈壁之中停停走走，充分利用地形地物隐藏机动，使敌人无法先发制人将其消灭。
一举将我国的洲际弹道导弹的生存性提高到和俄罗斯“白杨M”导弹相当的水平。
那么既然说到这里了，我们就要谈一下东风-31导弹的射程与载荷问题。
与俄罗斯相比，我国对美国战略威胁的难度更高，因为国土纬度原因，即使利用北极航线，从我国境内相对安全的纵深地区向美国发射核导弹，要覆盖其全境，射程要达到11000公里以上。
而另一方面，我国的核战略是不首先使用核武器——这意味着我国核武器的主要使命是战略威慑，这也就意味着我国的核弹头，当量必须够大。
叶剑英元帅当年在视察空投氢弹的时候表示：“300万吨，杀人放火够了“。就是这个意思，我国的核武器必须具备一举摧毁敌方超级城市、人口中心，或者大范围摧毁敌工农业设施的能力。
当然后来随着对核武器毁伤效果的认识，各国逐渐认识到，多枚50万吨核弹头空爆，其光辐射相应制造的大范围火灾互相影响形成的火焰风暴，可能是摧毁现代大城市目标最有效的技术手段。
因此美国在“三叉戟D5”导弹上配备了300多公斤重，47万吨当量的W88核弹头，这种弹头的重量\当量比是当代人类核弹头中最高的，也堪称是现代核武器的经典设计。

W88弹头
目前美国与W88同时装备的还有W76弹头，165公斤，10万吨当量。
“三叉戟D5”导弹可以携带8个W88，或者14个W76弹头。
而该导弹的射程，公开数据是，“轻载状态下12000公里以上，携带最大载荷时7800公里“。
换句话来说，满载8个W88弹头的“三叉戟D5”射程和我国的“巨浪2”遥测弹试射的射程差不多了。
当然，大家都知道美国90年代“考克斯报告”就声称中国已经“偷取”了W88的设计，从而能制造出类似的弹头。
虽然“偷取”的部分实属污蔑，但我们确实拥有了最先进的核弹头设计制造能力却是没错的。
但即使如此，对于我国来说，W76这样的轻量化弹头意义不大，这种弹头的主要任务是攻击敌方核导弹发射井，利用其100米以内的CEP，10万吨弹头足以摧毁大部分发射井了。但如果用来攻击敌方城市目标，还是以W88这样较为“重型”的弹头更好。
而且按照我国的传统，数百万吨级甚至上千万吨的地爆弹头少不了——和苏联当年的设想相同，这类弹头有两个作用，一个是攻击深藏地下的敌方关键设施；另一个是用来制造成千上万吨随风飘散的放射性尘埃，美国的地理环境特点决定，这种攻击方式对于美国的工农业基础的打击效果是最致命的。

那么通过上面这点分析我们可以看到，我国的战略核武器相比于美苏都要更复杂，射程要远，投送重量要大，突防能力要好，还要快速反应。
也正是因为有这么多麻烦，长期以来美国判断中国“真正”能够覆盖美国全境的就是“20枚东风-5A”导弹。至于东风-31，或许因为其射程只能覆盖西海岸，华盛顿的老爷们可能真的觉得这玩意打不到自己头上就不害怕吧……
其实东风-31AG就已经改变了这一状况，该导弹是单弹头设计，但射程足以达到12000公里，也就是足以覆盖华盛顿了。
可以说，东-31AG是我国第一种让对手无法以“先发制人就能消灭”来蒙混过关的洲际导弹——此前的东-31和东-31A要依托“长城工程“，美军对国会解释可以用核弹攻击长城工程出入口和摧毁预设发射阵地，来阻止它们实施攻击。
或者说，我们可以说东-31AG是我国第一种符合美俄STARTS条约对于洲际导弹相关规定条文内容的机动式洲际导弹（虽然我国当然不会理会STARTS条约）。



Dongfeng 26 is not only a "Guam Express" but also a nuclear warhead deterrent South Asia
Dongfeng 26 is not only a "Guam Express" but also a nuclear warhead deterrent South Asia
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Western powers are afraid of this: the most powerful of the National Day military parade is the 4 weapon 1/10
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National Day military parade China's rocket military four intercontinental missiles Dongfeng 31AG, Dongfeng 5B, Julang 2, Dongfeng 41 at the same time.

(Text / Observer Network columnist Xi Asia)

"Justice is never late" - rapid response Dongfeng-26 and Dongfeng-31AG

In the National Day military parade, the Dongfeng-26 missile was unveiled again. Compared with the 2015 victory parade, the commentary emphasized that "the ability to combat large-scale surface ships has the ability to attack." The characteristics of the missile "both nuclear and often".

In the past two years, we have no need to say that during the confrontation between China and India in 2017, China conducted a test of the Dongfeng-26 missile. At the time, the author said in the article that we can use the missile to attack the only Karam Island test site in India that can launch a "fire" missile, thereby lifting the threat of India's medium-range missiles - if it cooperates with the Dongfeng-16 missile, "Xiang" "Dragon" reconnaissance plane, then the main equipment of the Indian nuclear deterrent "earth" short-range ground-to-ground missiles will not be able to launch, and it will be blown up three or four times in the long time when it is parked and raised for launch. .

Our country promises to the international community not to use nuclear weapons first – but let us imagine an extreme situation: India is preparing for the launch of the “Agni” missile on Karam Island, and it is certain that this will be the launch of a nuclear warhead to the core of China. Then the East-26 carrying the nuclear warhead is to wait for the enemy's missile to land and explode and cause huge losses in China before returning it?

This hypothetical problem has not become a reality, but we can still consider it.

Dongfeng-26 has the ability to respond quickly, and the nuclear warhead can be sent to the enemy's head in a matter of minutes.

India’s only so-called “utility” medium-range nuclear missile “Agni 2” has not actually developed a corresponding mobile launch system, but every time it is lifted from the well-known Karam Island launch site.

I can only say that in the worst case, Dongfeng-26 can at least impose disciplinary action on the enemy in the shortest possible time.

As a nuclear missile, Dong-26 is the same as the Dongfeng-31AG, which has a larger range and a longer range. The main "bright spot" is that it can be heard everywhere, can be played at any time, and has rapid response capability.

This kind of "quick response" capability is embodied in the overall design of the two missile systems. Its guidance, geodetic survey, target information input, warhead and other aspects have been carefully designed to improve the response speed.

With the cooperation of these systems, the long-time calibration gyroscope, geodesic, target information input and other links in the early maneuver missile launch preparation process were shortened to several minutes or even one minute.

Moreover, the missile itself has been specially designed to be more automated and the preparation work before launch is greatly simplified.

At present, our military missiles with unsupported launch capability include Dongfeng-21D, Dongfeng-16, Dongfeng-17, Dongfeng-31AG, Dongfeng-26, among which the east-31AG, Dong-26 and Dong-21D launchers have large rear Rubber buffer layer

The missile can be seen from the appearance, and the missile with the ability of "no support launch" is characterized by a huge rubber mat at the back of the launcher.

At the back of the launcher of the Dongfeng-21 and Dongfeng-31 missiles, which were launched in 1999, there are three support feet to ensure that the missile launcher is in the correct posture, and this support foot needs to cooperate with the specially constructed launching position. Accurate measurements, with hardened ground – this is to simplify the preparation of the missile before launch and to increase the speed of the reaction – the missile launch vehicle completes the preparations as long as it is stopped according to the markings drawn on the preset positions.

Although this kind of pre-set position can be concealed by many technical means, after all, its construction and construction are inevitably exposed to the satellites with strong enemy timing. The only problem lies with their interpreters (of course, it may still be used now) Whether the big data AI recognition) noticed—that is, whether these positions are exposed, not what we can control. In fact, we should default that most of the preset positions are already noticed by the enemy. They just can’t determine when the missiles are. Arrived at the position and launched.

When necessary, strong enemies can even use conventional warheads to attack the pre-set launch positions of our strategic missiles to undermine our ability to respond quickly.

It is precisely because of this danger that the "no support launch" capability is very necessary - of course, the rubber mat is only the appearance recognition feature, not the real key to "no support launch", the so-called "Kung Fu behind the scenes".

In the nuclear deterrent system of our military, the Dongfeng-26 missile is the task of replacing the Dongfeng-4 missile. Traditionally, the Dongfeng-4 missile was mainly deployed in the western part of China and deterred Moscow. After entering the 1990s, it was deployed to the southeast direction of the Weihai Guam base and the Asia-Pacific target. And Dong-26, as we mentioned earlier, in the back-to-back strategic partnership between China and Russia, deterrence Moscow is not the main task, but now we have added a mission to deter India - although everyone on the Internet joked that we were Thousands of US warheads are aimed at the United States, and they don’t care much about India. But in reality, the country certainly cannot ignore this threat. Just before the Dongfeng-26 deterrently deployed the location of Moscow, the southward launch can also cover most of India's targets, which saves the construction of new bases. It is enough to prepare several sets of target data.

After all, Dongfeng-26 is a new type of missile developed after 2000, and China’s main equipment around the 1990s, which was heavily invested in the construction of the “Great Wall Project”, Dongfeng-31, as the first generation of mobile solid fuel intercontinental missiles, Its performance in all aspects is relatively "basic". When the Dongfeng-31 missile was first put into service, it had a range of more than 8,000 kilometers and could only cover parts of the west coast of the United States. Its off-road performance of the "Red Rock" tractor was almost non-existent, and its rapid response capability was poor. Therefore, it can only rely on the "Great Wall Project" to deploy, relying on the underground bunker to ensure survivability, and launching depends on a number of real and fake pre-built launch positions around the bunker, the target data is also bound in advance.

The corner of the "Great Wall Project" underground bunker facility

The Dongfeng-31A missile displayed at the National Day military parade in 2009 has increased its range compared to Dongfeng-31. Its range has reached more than 10,000 kilometers, and it can launch targets from the northeastern region of China to attack the United States, New York and Washington. However, its survivability, flexibility, and rapid response ability are not substantially improved.

The East-31AG is designed to solve this problem. It uses the 8-axis heavy-duty off-road launcher in the same series as the East-41, with unsupported launch capability.

For the East-31AG, the "Great Wall Project" bunker is just a "garage". During the war, it will stop and walk in the snowfields and jungle Gobi in the northwest and northeast of China, making full use of the topographic features to hide maneuvering. The enemy cannot preempt the person to destroy it.

In one fell swoop, the survivability of China's intercontinental ballistic missiles has been raised to the level comparable to the Russian "White Poplar M" missile.

So since we are here, we will talk about the range and load of the Dongfeng-31 missile.

Compared with Russia, China’s strategic threat to the United States is more difficult. Because of the latitude of the country, even if the Arctic route is used, nuclear missiles will be launched from the relatively safe deep areas of China to the United States, covering a whole area with a range of 11,000 kilometers. the above.

On the other hand, our nuclear strategy is not to use nuclear weapons first — which means that the main mission of our nuclear weapons is strategic deterrence, which means that our nuclear warheads must be large enough.

When Marshal Ye Jianying inspected the air-dropping hydrogen bomb, he said: "3 million tons, killing and arson is enough." It is this meaning that our nuclear weapons must have the ability to destroy enemy super-cities, population centers, or extensively destroy enemy agricultural facilities.

Of course, with the understanding of the effects of nuclear weapons damage, countries gradually realized that many 500,000 tons of nuclear warheads were air-exploded, and the flame storm formed by the mutual influence of large-scale fires caused by optical radiation may be the most effective to destroy the targets of modern big cities. Technical means.

Therefore, the United States is equipped with more than 300 kilograms of weight and equivalent weight of 470,000 tons of W88 nuclear warheads on the Trident D5 missile. The weight/equivalent ratio of this warhead is the highest among contemporary human nuclear warheads. It is also a classic design of modern nuclear weapons. .

W88 warhead

At present, the United States and W88 are also equipped with W76 warheads, 165 kg, 100,000 tons of equivalent.

The Trident D5 missile can carry eight W88 or 14 W76 warheads.

The missile's range, the open data is, "12,000 km under light load conditions, 7800 km when carrying the maximum load."

In other words, the range of the "Trident D5" with eight W88 warheads and the range of the "Julang 2" telemetry bomb test in China are almost the same.

Of course, everyone knows that the "Cox Report" of the United States in the 1990s claimed that China had "stealed" the design of the W88, so that it could produce a similar warhead.

Although the "stealing" part is really filthy, we do have the most advanced nuclear warhead design and manufacturing capabilities.

Even so, for China, the lightweight warhead of the W76 is of little significance. The main task of this warhead is to attack enemy nuclear missile silos, using its CEP within 100 meters, and 100,000 tons of warheads are enough to destroy most of the warheads. The silo is gone. But if it is used to attack enemy city targets, it is better to use a "heavy" warhead like W88.

Moreover, according to China's tradition, millions of tons of tens of thousands of tons of ground-explosive warheads are indispensable - the same as the Soviet Union's vision of the year, these warheads have two functions, one is to attack the enemy's key facilities buried deep underground; The other is used to make thousands of tons of radioactive dust scattered in the wind. The geographical environment of the United States determines that this attack is the most deadly effect on the industrial and agricultural base of the United States.

From the above analysis, we can see that China's strategic nuclear weapons are more complicated than the United States and the Soviet Union. The range is far, the delivery weight is large, the penetration capability is better, and the response is quick.

It is precisely because of so much trouble that the United States has long judged that China’s “real” can cover the entire United States is the “20 Dongfeng-5A” missiles. As for Dongfeng-31, perhaps because its range can only cover the West Coast, Washington's lords may really feel that this thing is not afraid of hitting their heads...

In fact, the Dongfeng-31AG has changed this situation. The missile is a single-head design, but the range is enough to reach 12,000 kilometers, which is enough to cover Washington.

It can be said that the East-31AG is China's first intercontinental missile that allows opponents to pass the "preemptive strike". Previously, the East-31 and East-31A relied on the "Great Wall Project," and the US military explained to Congress. Use nuclear bombs to attack the Great Wall project entrances and exits and destroy the preset launch positions to prevent them from carrying out attacks.

In other words, we can say that the East-31AG is China's first mobile intercontinental missile that conforms to the provisions of the US-Russia STARTS treaty on intercontinental missile-related provisions (although China certainly will not pay attention to the STARTS treaty).

 

[democracy my butt]

The older and cheaper DF-21D can already erase Changi Naval Base and everything on Pee Sai.

New DF-17 may also cover Singapore, it is not officially announce what is it's range, but HGV can go very far and fast with a smaller launching rocket.

 

[syed putra]

You forgot patriot and rapier defence system to prevent any attack.

 

[LaoTze]

You forgot patriot and rapier defence system to prevent any attack.

And as demonstrated so clearly in KSA a few days ago, the Aegis defending Saudi a joke as the Aegis and Patriot cannot even detect a few sub Mach cruise missiles not to talk of taking them down. Even to now, no one sure where those came from and who flown them. Despite overlapping coverage of those Patriot and Aegis systems.

New sales pitch? US makes the world’s ‘finest’ anti-air systems, but sometimes they just don’t work, Pompeo explains

Saudi air defenses like Patriot & Aegis don’t match their advertised properties, unfit for real combat – Russian Army (MAP)

And you think the fucking angmoh rubbish brown nosing clown Arseloon and his paper generals bought will take down Mach 3+++ cruise and Mach 20 DF26?

 

[syed putra]

Those targets attacked in saudi are outside the patriot's " kill zone".

 

[LaoTze]

Those targets attacked in saudi are outside the patriot's " kill zone".

Any flights of those sub Mach missiles well within the detection zones which overlap.
And the USA and Saudi no fucking clue as to where the missiles came from and even if it flown there at all other than the BANGS they left at end of the flights.

Even to now, no one sure where those came from and who flown them.

Despite overlapping coverage of those Patriot and Aegis systems.

 

[whoami]

View attachment 66290

Any flights of those sub Mach missiles well within the detection zones which overlap.
And the USA and Saudi no fucking clue as to where the missiles came from and even if it flown there at all other than the BANGS they left at end of the flights.

View attachment 66290

Even to now, no one sure where those came from and who flown them.
View attachment 66290

Despite overlapping coverage of those Patriot and Aegis systems.

View attachment 66290

And yet sinkieland invested billion and billion of dollars buying US defence weapons.