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Presidential Polygamy in South Africa, 3 X 1st ladies?

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http://blog.taragana.com/n/whos-the-first-lady-south-africas-next-president-is-a-polygamist-34192/

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Who’s the first lady? South Africa’s next president is a polygamist
Michelle Faul
April 22nd, 2009

SAfrica president’s dilemma: 2 wives, 1 first lady

KWANXAMALALA, South Africa — There’s little question who will lead South Africa after Wednesday’s national election. The real mystery lies in who will be the country’s first lady.

As Jacob Zuma, the man preordained to be the country’s next president, voted in his rural Zulu homeland Wednesday, one of his two current wives stood to the side watching patiently as he was mobbed by cheering crowds and reporters.

But Nompumelelo Ntuli, 34, Zuma’s newest and youngest wife, was soon attracting her own crowd of admirers. Women whispered, “Isn’t she beautiful!” as Ntuli decked out in an apricot and blue tie-dye outfit beamed happily.

“Jesus is Lord!” is all she would say in response to questions.

Zuma, 67, a Zulu traditionalist and an unabashed polygamist, has married at least four women over the years. Only two are still with him: Sizakele Khumalo, whom he married in 1973, and Ntuli, who he wed last year.

Of the other two, Kate Mantsho Zuma, committed suicide in 2000. He divorced the other, Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma, in 1998, although she remains a trusted aide and as the country’s foreign affairs minister is expected to join his cabinet. He is said to have more than 10 children.

South African law recognizes such traditional marriages, though fewer and fewer younger South Africans are entering into them because they are seen as expensive and old-fashioned. It remains common among several tribes, though, including the Zulus and Swazis.

To this point, neither of his wives has played much of a public role in his life or politics.

Khumalo presides over the family compound near the school where Zuma voted in KwaNxamalala (pronounced KWAH-nxah-mah-lah-lah). She is known to be shy, and was not spotted Wednesday.

Ntuli, who uses her maiden name as is customary in polygamous marriages to differentiate among the wives, has been slightly more active outside the home. She organized a prayer meeting in southeastern South Africa earlier this year, calling for political tolerance, and established a community development foundation.

With Zuma’s African National Congress party predicting an overwhelming victory in the parliamentary election, whose results are expected late Thursday, the first lady question is making headlines. Parliament elects South Africa’s president, putting Zuma in line for the post when the new assembly votes in May.

Neither Zuma or the ANC have offered any answers to the question, saying the matter of his marriages is personal.

The Sunday Times newspaper in South Africa quoted Don Mkhwanazi, a trustee of the Friends of Jacob Zuma Trust, as saying Zuma most likely will be guided by tradition and choose his first wife, Sizakele, to act in that capacity.

Zuma usually is unaccompanied at official functions. His daughter Duduzile, a staunch supporter who has been seen on the campaign trail recording his activities with a small video camera, also could be a possible official escort.

Zuma, of course, would not be the first leader in the world with more than one wife. In the Gulf, the number of a ruler’s wives and who among them is paramount are a constant source of rumors. Publicly known first ladies in Bahrain, Abu Dhabi and even Saudi Arabia do charity work and some are outspoken women’s rights’ activists — though their pictures never appear in the newspapers.

In recent years, rulers in Dubai and in Qatar each have designated one of their wives to speak at U.S. universities and international humanitarian foundations on pressing issues concerning the Arab world and its relations with the West.

Zuma’s father, who also had multiple wives, was a policeman who died when he was a boy. His mother worked as a maid in the coastal city of Durban. He was denied a formal education and by 15 he was doing odd jobs to help support his family.

Zuma joined the ANC in 1959 and by 21 he was arrested while trying to leave the country illegally. He was jailed for 10 years on Robben Island, alongside Mandela and other heroes of the anti-apartheid struggle. In prison, Zuma resumed his schooling and began making a name for himself among ANC prisoners.

He left South Africa in 1975 for 15 years of exile in neighboring Swaziland, Mozambique and Zambia, where he was appointed chief of the ANC’s intelligence department. Following the lifting of the ANC ban in 1990, Zuma was one of the first of the group’s leaders to return to South Africa.

Khumalo stayed with him despite those long absences.

At a small market in Eshowe, a town near Zuma’s homestead, vendors selling oranges, avocados, pineapples and bananas were more interested in chorusing a long list of woes facing South Africa than the question of who would be its first lady.

After all, post-apartheid South Africa has never really had an American-style first lady in the glamorous mode of a Michelle Obama or Jackie Kennedy, or the policy-engaged model of Hillary Rodham Clinton.

One of the market vendors, Phindile Mbatha, 21, said she thought Dlamini Zuma would make a fine first lady.

Told that Jacob Zuma had divorced her some 10 years ago, Mbatha then declared that maybe the country did not need a first lady after all.

(This version CORRECTS name of daughter to Duduzile, sted Dudzile)
 

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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8037900.stm

_45747770_zuma466.jpg



Jacob Zuma's three first ladies

eir marriage ceremony

By Andrew Walker
BBC News

The question that has had South Africa's media all of a twitter is: "Who amongst Jacob Zuma's three wives will be the country's next first lady?"

Mr Zuma, a Zulu, has married at least five women since 1973 and has 19 children.
Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma
Mr Zuma has remained close to his ex-wife, who will also be at the ceremony

The 67-year-old is still married to his first wife Sizakele Khumalo, to Nompumelelo Ntuli, 34, whom he married in 2007, and to his most recent wife Thobeka Mabhija, described by the South African media as a 35-year-old "Durban socialite".

Another wife, Kate Mantsho Zuma, committed suicide in 2000, and he divorced Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma in 1998, but she remains a close political adviser and has served as a minister in government.

Saturday's inauguration ceremony - the first for a polygamous president in South Africa - may have provided a hint.

While Mr Zuma's three wives were all said to be present, only first wife Sizakele Khumalo accompanied him on stage.

He introduced her to the crowd but then added: "You will see other wives some other time."

Honesty

Polygamy is still common in rural KwaZulu Natal, where Mr Zuma is from.

According to political analyst Protas Madlala, many Zulus who are Christian have turned away from the practice, but it persists in rural areas because of the low standard of education and enduring poverty there.

Traditionally, the whole family would live in the same compound, with each wife maintaining her own round house, or rondavel.


People who stick to the traditions say that they may have more than one wife, but Christians maintain strings of mistresses, hidden away
Political analyst Protas Madlala

The first wife is usually expected to have some say in choosing the subsequent wives, to make sure the husband does not choose someone she will quarrel with.

"The man is expected to rotate his nightly visits," says Mr Madlala.

"I am a Westernised African, with an education, so I wouldn't go for a polygamous marriage," Mr Madlala says.

"But rural poverty definitely plays a part in keeping the tradition alive. Parents may depend on the bride prices that are paid, and may ask their children to go into it."

He says that although polygamy is not as common as it once was, traditions are associated with openness and honesty.

"People who stick to the traditions say that they may have more than one wife, but Christians maintain strings of mistresses, hidden away."

Sexual politics

By being closely associated with traditional practices, including polygamy, Mr Zuma has managed to create an image of himself as a straight-talking honest man among rural supporters across South Africa's ethnic lines, Mr Madlala says.

Jacob Zuma's youngest wife, Nompumelelo Ntuli, 34, raises her fist in victory after her husband cast his ballot for general elections
Nompumelelo Ntuli cast her ballot alongside Mr Zuma in April

This despite a well-publicised rape trial where Mr Zuma admitted having unprotected sex with a family friend who was HIV positive.

Mr Zuma was acquitted of the charge.

But the furore did not seem to matter to Zulus, who voted for Mr Zuma in their droves, abandoning the traditional Zulu-based Inkatha Freedom Party.

"Many people I spoke to said they voted for Mr Zuma, not the African National Congress," Mr Madlala said.

He suspects that support came through amongst rural Xhosas too.

But should sexual politics have an influence over voters' choices?

Steven Friedman at the University of Johannesburg says not.

"If as a politician you believe it is OK to rape or treat people with violence then that will have an effect on the way you deal with public challenges."

"But if you think it's OK to marry five women I don't think it would."

Mr Zuma is deeply committed to traditional beliefs, he says.

"But I'm sceptical if the electorate cares much about it."

Tradition

So why has there been such a flurry of media articles about who will be the "first wife"?


A lot of the media speculation has been driven by American news values, something that doesn't really have much to do with South African political culture
Steven Friedman
University of Johannesburg

The ANC has said the matter is a personal one and there is no protocol to dictate who Mr Zuma should choose to be his "first wife".

It has also been suggested that one of Mr Zuma's daughters could take on the role.

But Mr Friedman says there is nothing in the constitution about any role for the president's spouse.

"A lot of the media speculation has been driven by American news values, something that doesn't really have much to do with South African political culture."

So does Zulu culture indicate who will get to shake Barack Obama's hand or take tea with the Queen at Buckingham Palace?

Mr Madlala says it is likely that Mr Zuma will not have to choose one woman to be his official companion at state occasions or visits.

The Zulu king Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu frequently takes more than one of his five wives with him on visits, he says.

"It may be that to avoid antagonising some of them he takes them all to state occasions.

"Or he may rotate among them, like the nightly visits."
 

Polygamist

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http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124104966891471003.html

Altared State: Who's the First Lady When the President's a Polygamist?
South Africa's New Leader Has Two Spouses And a Fiancée, but Only One Can Reign



By MICHAEL ALLEN

NKANDLA, South Africa -- Now that 67-year-old Jacob Zuma is about to become president, the question is: Who will be First Lady? And Second Lady? And will there be a Third Lady?
[Jacob Zuma]

Jacob Zuma

Mr. Zuma, who led the African National Congress party to an overwhelming victory in last week's elections, is a onetime goatherd who enthusiastically embraces his Zulu roots. That means, for the first time, an avowed polygamist will be occupying the Cape Dutch-style presidential palace in Pretoria. Mr. Zuma has been married four times and currently has two wives and one fiancée waiting in the wings.

It's "Big Love," South African style.

Competing for the top role will be first wife Sizakele Khumalo, about 68, whom he married in 1975 after his release from the apartheid regime's notorious Robben Island prison. She could be found one recent morning picking dried maize in a scraggly field here in Mr. Zuma's childhood village, helped out by local women and a bodyguard.

Also in the running is Nompumelelo Ntuli, more than 30 years his junior, whom he wed at a raucous traditional festivity last year that featured him dancing in a loincloth and leopard-skin robe. And then there's Thobeka Mabhija, a Durban socialite reported to be in her thirties. Earlier this year, local press reported that Mr. Zuma paid lobolo -- an offering of cattle or the cash equivalent -- to her family, making her his bride-to-be. Not that this guarantees a wedding: Mr. Zuma reportedly paid lobolo in 2002 for a princess from the royal family of Swaziland, but she still hasn't sealed the deal.

The marital connections extend beyond the presidential palace. Ex-wife Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma, the mother of four of his children, is foreign affairs minister. Political watchers believe she'll retain a role in the Zuma administration, perhaps heading the Home Affairs Ministry. Her spokesman calls that speculation and wouldn't comment on the couple's divorce.

View Full Image
Who's First Lady When the President's a Polygamist?
Independent Newspapers

Jacob Zuma's first wife, Sizakele Khumalo, harvesting dried maize as her bodyguard looks on.
Who's First Lady When the President's a Polygamist?
Who's First Lady When the President's a Polygamist?

The ANC has routinely declined to comment on Mr. Zuma's personal life, and spokesmen didn't respond to messages. Mr. Zuma has defended polygamy, which is legal here. "There are plenty of politicians who have mistresses and children that they hide so as to pretend they're monogamous," he once said in a TV interview. "I prefer to be open. I love my wives and I'm proud of my children."

There's plenty of cultural precedent. Zulu monarch King Goodwill Zwelithini has six wives, and the prior ruler of Swaziland is said to have taken 70. Both tribes feature a reed-dance festival each year in which young maidens parade topless, many of them hoping to catch the royal wandering eye.

Mr. Zuma's embrace of Zulu traditions helped cement his popularity, particularly in the countryside. Badly treated under British and apartheid rule, and somewhat marginalized afterward, Zulus are South Africa's largest ethnic group. Most are jubilant to see one of their own assume the highest office.

But some social activists are aghast, saying Mr. Zuma is setting a terrible example in a country where women have yet to enjoy the full fruits of freedom. Colleen Lowe Morna, executive director of Gender Links, which promotes equality of the sexes, calls polygamy "unconstitutional" because men are allowed to have more than one wife but women aren't allowed more than one husband. And she worries that more men will embrace the practice. "It goes with the flaunting of wealth and power," she says.
Lavish Hut

That's not the way the first Mrs. Zuma sees it. Done with field chores for the morning, she graciously received a trio of visiting journalists in the living room of her lavishly appointed hut. While bearing some resemblance to traditional dwellings, with a thatched roof and a cattle pen out front, her home also is equipped with a flat-screen TV and a microwave oven. One chair, draped in a leopard skin, is off-limits to visitors. By tradition, only the man of the house, Mr. Zuma, sits there.

View Full Image
Zuma
Independent Newspapers

Mr. Zuma and his latest bride, Nompumelelo Ntuli, dance for the crowds during their wedding in January 2008.
Zuma
Zuma

Speaking Zulu, Mrs. Zuma, who goes by the name Sizakele Khumalo, described how her husband-to-be -- as an impoverished boy who lived over the next hill -- had pursued her. "He was easy on the eyes," she said, but she put him off until he was 20. Before they could marry, though, he was swept up by security forces and thrown into prison with future president Nelson Mandela. Though he had only a few years of schooling, he used to write her letters -- first in Zulu, then in English, which he mastered in prison. "It was difficult to be apart, but we coped," she said.

After his release, they delayed some more, finally tying the knot in 1975. The price: 11 cows.

Other wives came later, including the future foreign minister, now divorced, and another wife who committed suicide, leaving behind a scathing note describing her time with Mr. Zuma as "24 years of hell." All told, says the first Mrs. Zuma, her husband has fathered 19 children that she's aware of, though none with her.
Equal Treatment

The first Mrs. Zuma stuck it out, and defends the institution of polygamous marriage. "It's a Zulu custom and if there's respect between the husband and the wives and among the wives themselves, and if he's able to treat us equally, then it's not hard," she said.

Equal treatment may not be possible now that the man of the house is South Africa's next president. Though there's an official residence in Pretoria, the administrative seat, as well as in Cape Town, where the legislature meets, only one First Lady is supposed to enjoy the official title and the protocol that goes with it.

Asked who will get top honors, Szakele Khumalo laughed mischievously and raised her finger, indicating she thinks she has the inside track. It's true that in the presidential compound here her hut is bigger than that of wife No. 2. But then she demurred and said the matter hasn't been decided yet. In any event, she acknowledged, there would be a downside to moving into the South African equivalent of the White House.

"I'd like it in the town, but this is where I've been all my life," she said. "And if I go I will miss it."

Write to Michael Allen at [email protected]
 

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http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2009-05/10/content_11344357.htm




谁将成为南非“第一夫人”?

2009年05月10日 07:08:54  来源:新华网
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在就职典礼上,祖马和第一任妻子库马洛在一起。

xin_01205061007458592507010.jpg

祖马的另两位妻子恩图利(左)和马比亚。

*
新闻人物:南非当选总统祖马

南非当选总统雅各布·祖马9日宣誓就职。一些欧美媒体把目光投向祖马身边,关注谁将成为新“第一夫人”,因为这位奉行一夫多妻制的祖鲁人总统有3位妻子。

不过,多数南非民众并不在意谁是“第一夫人”。祖马曾公开宣布,不会隐瞒个人婚姻状况,他爱自己所有的妻子。

妻子们

就职典礼当天接近中午时在行政首都比勒陀利亚举行。按祖马的发言人济济·戈德瓦先前说法,祖马的3位妻子和19个孩子均应邀出席就职典礼。

祖马现年67岁,是南非首位奉行一夫多妻制的当选总统。美国《华盛顿邮报》说,究竟谁将入主总统府东翼属于总统配偶的办公室,南非民众眼下一无所知。

一夫多妻制是祖鲁人传统,南非政府1998年宣布这一传统合法。

祖马与首位妻子西扎克莱·库马洛迄今已相识半个世纪,两人1973年结婚,但没有子女。库马洛一直住在夸祖鲁/纳塔尔省乡下,一般不公开露面,仅几次出席官方活动。

祖马第二位妻子农普梅莱洛·恩图利现年34岁,去年与祖马结婚以来,经常高调出现在公共场合。她上月22日还同祖马一起参加南非国民议会选举投票。

祖马今年年初迎娶第三位妻子、德班市社交名人托贝卡·马比亚。

他的另一位妻子凯特·曼乔于2000年自杀。

祖马5次婚姻中有一次离异。他1998年与前妻恩科萨扎娜·德拉米尼—祖马离婚。后者为祖马育有4个孩子,现任南非外交部长。

尽管两人婚姻关系破裂,恩科萨扎娜仍是祖马政治上的密友。外界普遍认为,祖马定于10日公布的新内阁名单中,恩科萨扎娜将出任内政部长一职。

猜测

《华盛顿邮报》报道,一名消息人士透露,首位妻子库马洛最有可能接过“第一夫人”头衔,另一些媒体预测,年轻且善于社交的恩图利将“竞争”这一位置。

面对媒体猜测,祖马领导的南非非洲人国民大会声明,南非宪法中没有关于“第一夫人”的规定,因此,祖马可以选择哪位妻子为“第一夫人”或实行“轮换制”。

“祖马先生可以根据场合不同,邀请他的任何一位妻子或女儿参加官方活动,”非国大发言人杰茜·杜阿尔特告诉法新社记者。

祖马奉行一夫多妻制,招致一些政治对手攻击和女权主义者反对。《华盛顿邮报》援引一项3月底公布的民意调查结果说,74%的受访者反对一夫多妻制。

不过,祖马的支持者质疑说,这项调查访问对象为城市居民,而那些批评祖马的所谓精英其实脱离南非多数民众尤其是农村居民,在后者眼中,祖马就是“自己人”。

“雅各布·祖马在国内拥有超高人气,他对民族文化的自豪感起很大作用,”一名读者8日写信给南非《星报》说。

非国大另一名发言人林迪韦·祖卢说,非国大领导的妇女组织也支持一夫多妻制,前提是婚姻自由、丈夫善待所有妻子和孩子。

祖卢说,她确信祖马的婚姻符合这些条件,“他们是一个家庭,相互支持”。

传统

祖马本人曾在一次电视采访中公开承认自己奉行一夫多妻制。

“许多政治人物私下有情妇和私生子女,却对外界隐瞒,装作自己坚持一夫一妻子,”他说,“我更喜欢公开。我爱我的妻子们。我为我的孩子们骄傲。”

非国大发言人杜阿尔特说,祖马的一个女儿经常陪伴父亲出席官方活动,“这个家庭有他们处理这些问题的独特方式”。

长期研究南非一夫多妻现象的美国瓦尔帕莱索大学法学教授佩内洛普·安德鲁斯说,“南非是一个非常现代、世俗的国家,拥有一部伟大的宪法,但它仍是一个非洲国家”,从某种程度而言,祖马集这些传统与现代于一体。

在美国等总统制国家,“第一夫人”是重要公众人物,但南非并没有这一传统。

《华盛顿邮报》报道,南非废除种族隔离制度后的首位黑人总统纳尔逊·曼德拉任内几乎一直保持单身,他经常由女儿陪伴出席公共活动。

曼德拉继任者塔博·姆武耶卢瓦·姆贝基的妻子知名度较高,但很少成为公众关注或崇拜的对象。

祖马前任、代总统卡莱马·莫特兰蒂的妻子更是不为人知,南非一家报纸今年1月甚至发起一项调查活动,以找出谁是“第一夫人”。

《华盛顿邮报》说,关于谁是“第一夫人”的争论并非祖马“专利”,一些君主制国家元首也有多位妻子。出席祖马就职典礼的斯威士兰国王姆斯瓦蒂三世就有大约13位妻子。(胡若愚)
 
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