World would be all speaking German today if Hitler used this correctly, he should put them on the V2 rocket and nuke London instead of a peaceful power generation plant. Fucking idiot!
https://tech.sina.com.cn/d/i/2019-05-13/doc-ihvhiews1460851.shtml
新浪科技> 科学探索> 科技前沿 > 正文
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科学家正追踪纳粹建核反应堆剩余的神秘“铀立方体”
科学家正追踪纳粹建核反应堆剩余的神秘“铀立方体”
研究人员正在对数百个曾位于纳粹科学家建造的核反应堆中央的放射性立方体展开追踪
新浪科技讯 北京时间5月13日消息，据国外媒体报道，马里兰大学的提摩西·科斯教授在几年前的一天神秘地收到了一个放射性立方体，这可是个神秘的大礼，随这个铀立方体一同寄来的还有一条皱巴巴的纸条，上面写着：“来自德国，取自希特勒试图建造的核反应堆。宁格送上的礼物。”
这个故事要从由特勒打造的核反应堆说起，在二战结束时反应堆被美军拆解一空，之前被纳粹埋在地下的664枚放射性立方体也随之被运到了美国。
虽然当时这座核反应堆中的放射性物质数量不足以让其全力运转，但由科斯教授领导的团队在纳粹文件中发现，德国其它地方还藏有足够多的放射性物质，足以让核反应堆达到完整运力。
这些额外的放射性立方体当时由另一支研究团队掌管，但如果当时双方科学家能够将自己所有的铀合并到一处，就能离成功更进一步了。
多出来的这400个神秘立方体在战后便流向了黑市，而从反应堆内部取出的大部分立方体在运到美国后，大多也随着时间的流逝不知所踪。
在收到其中一个立方体后，科斯教授的好奇心不禁被激了起来。他与同为马里兰大学研究员的玛利亚姆·希伯特组队，联手调查这座核反应堆的历史，自此之后，他便一直致力于揭露这座核反应堆的历史、以及追查其余残留部分的下落。
这座B-VIII核反应堆由纳粹科学家于二战后期建于柏林，但最后被迁到了德国西南部的海戈尔洛赫镇，纳粹当时修建的实验室规模较小，仅仅位于该镇城堡教堂地下存放马铃薯和啤酒的地窖中。
如今，这座地下设施的残余部分对公众开放展览，被改建成了一座“Atomkeller”（意为原子地窖）博物馆。
参与这座核反应堆建设的德国科学家中，也包括作为量子力学创始人之一的理论科学家维尔纳·海森堡，他最终被盟军于1945年俘获。
这座反应堆的“心脏”由664枚铀立方体组成，每个边长5厘米，科斯教授持有的那一枚也是如此，它们被排布成吊灯状，彼此由航空缆线相连。
铀立方体构成的“吊灯”则被悬挂于重水中，以便调控核反应的进行
反应堆核心由金属包覆的石墨壳包裹，并被置于一个由混凝土砌筑的水罐中，铀立方体构成的“吊灯”则被悬挂于重水中，以便调控核反应的进行。
图为水罐和反应堆铝制结构被炸开后的残余部分。如今陈列在海戈尔洛赫的“原子地窖”博物馆中
这些立方体网络的核心则是中子辐射源，随着中子轰击立方体中的铀235原子，这些原子便会随之分裂，释放出大量能量和三个中子，而这三个新生成的中子又会轰击另外三个原子……一生二、二生三，便形成了链式反应。
核反应释放出的能量多达任何化学反应的数百万倍，核裂变产生的能量反过来又可以将水转化为水蒸气，进而驱动涡轮、产生电能。
这次实验是纳粹最后一次、也是离成功最近的一次尝试制造能够自行维持运作的核反应堆，但当时核反应堆核心中的铀不够多，无法实现这一目标。
这座原型核反应堆的核心是一台由664枚铀立方体组成的“吊灯”
为达到自行维持运行的核反应堆所需的临界质量，所需的铀立方体至少需为已有数量的1.5倍。虽然海戈尔洛赫的664个立方体还不够多，但当时在德国别处其实还有另外400个放射性立方体，由另一支研究团队所有。如果能把这些立方体加在一起，纳粹科学家就有了足够多的铀，至少能让位于海戈尔洛赫的核反应堆实现全面运转。
如果德国人当时能把资源结合起来，而不是分别由两支相互竞争的研究团队持有，他们也许真能建成一座运行正常的核反应堆，德国的核研究项目相互分散，且构成竞争关系；而在莱斯利·格罗夫斯将军的领导下，美国的曼哈顿项目则众志成城、齐心协力，这一点是德国和美国核研究项目之间最大的不同。
不过，当时阻止德国核试验成功的，还有其它因素。
就算另外400个立方体真的运到了海戈尔洛赫、放进了反应堆中，德国科学家还需要更多的重水，才能让反应堆正常运行，而早在1943年，盟军就炸毁了纳粹位于挪威维莫尔克水力发电厂内部的重水生产设施，挪威抵抗军后来又击沉了将电厂剩余的所有重水运往德国的货轮。
至此，虽然德国是核物理的起源地，核研究也比美国早了将近两年，但一直到战争结束时，德国都未能造成迫在眉睫的核威胁。
科斯教授在2013年收到那枚神秘的立方体时，不禁大吃一惊，他借助历史书上粗糙的黑白照片，认出了这是什么东西。这枚致密的铀立方体重约2.3千克，送给他的时候，外面包着一层褐色纸巾，并被装在一只小小的布制午餐袋中。
就它的大小来说，它的重量显得格外惊人。每次看不知情的人第一次拿起它时的反应，都觉得格外有趣，科斯教授首先要做的是确定这枚立方体是否真的来自于海戈尔洛赫的核反应堆。
反应堆核心由金属包覆的石墨壳包裹，并被置于一个由混凝土砌筑的水罐中。铀立方体构成的“吊灯”则被悬挂于重水中，以便调控核反应的进行
这枚立方体的表面遍布凹痕，和上世纪40年代的早期铀处理技术一致，两侧的凹槽可能是用来拴系缆绳的。研究人员还对这枚立方体释放出的伽马射线能量进行了测量，以此确认它是否的确由天然浓缩铀制成，但这枚立方体释放出的伽马射线并不是由放射性同位素铯137释放出的那一种，说明它从未被用在正常运行的核反应堆中。
和立方体一同寄给科斯的那张揉皱的纸条上面写着：“宁格送上的礼物”，罗伯特·宁格（Robert Nininger，纸条上的名字似乎拼错了，比正确拼法多了一个n）曾是参与制造美国第一枚原子弹的曼哈顿项目的专家之一。
据宁格的遗孀称，他的确曾经持有一枚铀立方体，后来转送给了一位朋友，在此之后，这枚立方体可能数度转手，最后到了科斯教授的手中。
战争临近结束时，美军像其它盟军一样，也发起了对纳粹科研项目进行寻获和利用的行动，德国核研究项目就是这一行动的关键目标，任务代码为“Alsos”。
1945年4月20日，Alsos行动占领了海戈尔洛赫镇，并将核反应堆拆卸开来，士兵们发现，纳粹科学家手中还掌握着核反应堆的隐藏部分及相关数据。
士兵们发现，纳粹科学家手中还掌握着核反应堆的隐藏部分及相关数据
他们在粪坑中找到了一只装有文件的焊接卷筒和三筒重水，在占领该镇一周后，他们又在海戈尔洛赫镇周围的田野里发现了埋藏的1.4吨铀立方体，随后，这些立方体被运到了美国，而它们最终下落如何，竟逐渐成了一个谜团。
科学家们如今正展开行动，试图追踪海戈尔洛赫反应堆其它立方体的下落。
在占领该镇一周后，他们又在海戈尔洛赫镇周围的田野里发现了埋藏的1.4吨铀立方体
这些立方体落到了全国各处各种人的手中，不知道有多少被转手送出，也不知道其余的下落如何。
除了追踪送到美国的立方体外，科学家们还迫切地想知道另外400个立方体最终命运如何，这些立方体战后流落到了欧洲黑市上，被当做价值不菲的宝物秘密转卖。
目前已经有10个立方体的位置被确定，其中一枚现由哈佛大学持有，还有一枚由华盛顿史密森学会所有。
科学家们正鼓励知情者们通过电子邮件与他们取得联系，希望能尽可能多地和接触过这些立方体的人谈一谈。
科斯教授现在准备把自己的立方体借给一所博物馆，让公众得以一瞥它的真容，这可能是帮助找到剩余这些神秘立方体的一个好方法。
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Scientists are tracking the mysterious "uranium cube" remaining in the Nazi nuclear reactor
Scientists are tracking the mysterious "uranium cube" remaining in the Nazi nuclear reactor
Researchers are tracking the radioactive cubes in the center of hundreds of nuclear reactors built by Nazi scientists. Researchers are tracking the radioactive cubes in the center of hundreds of nuclear reactors that were built by Nazi scientists.
Sina Technology News Beijing time on May 13th news, according to foreign media reports, Professor Timothy Coase of the University of Maryland mysteriously received a radioactive cube a few years ago, this is a mysterious gift, along with this uranium cube There was also a crumpled note that read: "From Germany, taken from the nuclear reactor that Hitler tried to build. Ninge gave the gift."
The story begins with a nuclear reactor built by Teller. At the end of World War II, the reactor was dismantled by the US military. The 664 radioactive cubes previously buried by the Nazis were shipped to the United States.
Although the amount of radioactive material in the nuclear reactor was not enough to allow it to operate at full capacity, the team led by Professor Kos found in the Nazi documents that there were enough radioactive materials in other parts of Germany to allow the nuclear reactor to reach full capacity.
These extra radioactive cubes were then run by another research team, but if the scientists at the time were able to combine all of their uranium into one place, they could go a step further.
The extra 400 mysterious cubes flowed to the black market after the war, and most of the cubes taken out of the reactor were shipped to the United States, and most of them disappeared over time.
After receiving one of the cubes, Professor Coase's curiosity could not help but be aroused. He teamed up with Mariam Hibbert, a researcher at the University of Maryland, to investigate the history of the nuclear reactor. Since then, he has been working to expose the history of the nuclear reactor and to trace the whereabouts of the remaining residues. .
The B-VIII nuclear reactor was built in Berlin by Nazi scientists in the late World War II, but was eventually moved to the town of Hegelloch in southwestern Germany. The Nazi-built laboratory was small and was only located underground in the castle church of the town. Potato and beer in the cellar.
Today, the remains of this underground facility are open to the public and have been converted into an "Atomkeller" (meaning atomic cellar) museum.
Among the German scientists involved in the construction of this nuclear reactor, Werner Heisenberg, a theoretical scientist who was one of the founders of quantum mechanics, was eventually captured by the Allies in 1945.
The "heart" of the reactor consists of 664 uranium cubes, each of which is 5 cm long, as is the one held by Professor Kos. They are arranged in chandeliers and connected to each other by air cables.
The "chandelier" composed of uranium cubes is suspended in heavy water, so that the "chandelier" composed of uranium cubes that regulate the nuclear reaction is suspended in heavy water to regulate the nuclear reaction.
The core of the reactor is wrapped in a metal-coated graphite shell and placed in a concrete-built water tank. The "chandelier" made up of uranium cubes is suspended in heavy water to regulate the nuclear reaction.
The picture shows the remaining part of the water tank and reactor aluminum structure after it has been blasted. The picture of the “Atomic Mantle” museum, now on display in Hegolloch, is the remnant of the explosion of the water tank and reactor aluminum structure. Now in the "Atomic Cellar" Museum in Hegelloch
The core of these cube networks is the neutron source. As the neutrons bombard the 235 uranium atoms in the cube, these atoms will split, releasing a lot of energy and three neutrons, and the three newly generated ones. The child will bombard the other three atoms... The first two, the second and the third, will form a chain reaction.
The nuclear reaction releases as much as a million times the energy of any chemical reaction. The energy produced by nuclear fission, in turn, converts water into water vapor, which in turn drives the turbine and produces electricity.
This experiment was the last and yet successful attempt by the Nazis to create a nuclear reactor that could sustain itself, but at the time there was not enough uranium in the core of the nuclear reactor to achieve this goal.
At the heart of the prototype nuclear reactor is a "chandelier" consisting of 664 uranium cubes. The core of the prototype nuclear reactor is a "chandelier" consisting of 664 uranium cubes.
In order to achieve the critical mass required for a self-sustaining nuclear reactor, the required uranium cube must be at least 1.5 times the amount already available. Although Hegel Loch's 664 cubes were not enough, there were actually another 400 radioactive cubes elsewhere in Germany, owned by another research team. If these cubes can be added together, Nazi scientists will have enough uranium to at least allow the nuclear reactor in Hegorloch to be fully operational.
If the Germans were able to combine resources at the time instead of being held by two competing research teams, they might be able to build a functioning nuclear reactor. The German nuclear research projects are scattered and competing. Under the leadership of General Sly Groves, the Manhattan project in the United States is united and united. This is the biggest difference between German and US nuclear research projects.
However, there were other factors that prevented the success of the German nuclear test.
Even if another 400 cubes were shipped to Hegor Loch and put into the reactor, German scientists needed more heavy water to get the reactor running, and as early as 1943, the Allies blew up the Nazis. The heavy water production facility inside the Norwegian Vimorke hydroelectric power plant, the Norwegian Resistance Army later sank the freighter that transported all the remaining heavy water from the power plant to Germany.
So far, although Germany is the origin of nuclear physics, nuclear research has been nearly two years earlier than the United States, but until the end of the war, Germany has failed to create an imminent nuclear threat.
When Professor Coase received the mysterious cube in 2013, he was shocked. He used the rough black and white photos in the history book to recognize what it was. The dense uranium cube weighed about 2.3 kilograms. When it was given to him, it was covered with a brown tissue and packed in a small cloth lunch bag.
Its size is extraordinarily amazing in terms of its size. Every time the uninformed person reacts to it when he first picks it up, it feels very interesting. The first thing Professor Coase wants to do is to determine if the cube really comes from the nuclear reactor of Hegolloch.
The core of the reactor is wrapped in a metal-coated graphite shell and placed in a concrete tank. The "chandelier" consisting of uranium cubes is suspended in heavy water to regulate the nuclear reaction. The core of the reactor is wrapped in a metal-coated graphite shell and placed in a concrete-built jug. The "chandelier" made up of uranium cubes is suspended in heavy water to regulate the nuclear reaction.
The surface of the cube is covered with dents, consistent with the early uranium processing techniques of the 1940s, and the grooves on either side may be used to tether the cable. The researchers also measured the gamma ray energy released by the cube to confirm whether it was indeed made of naturally enriched uranium, but the gamma ray released by this cube was not released by the radioactive isotope 铯137. That one, it shows that it has never been used in a normal operating nuclear reactor.
The crumpled note that was sent to Coase with the cube reads: "The gift from Ninge," Robert Nininger (the name on the note seems to be misspelled, more than the correct spelling One of the experts was once an expert in the Manhattan project involved in the manufacture of the first atomic bomb in the United States.
According to the widow of Ninge, he did hold a uranium cube and later transferred it to a friend. After that, the cube may be transferred several times and finally to the hands of Professor Coase.
At the end of the war, the US military, like other allies, also launched an operation to find and utilize Nazi research projects. The German nuclear research project is the key target of this operation, and the mission code is “Alsos”.
On April 20, 1945, the Alsos operation occupied the town of Hegorloch and dismantled the nuclear reactor. The soldiers found that the Nazi scientists still had hidden parts of the nuclear reactor and related data.
Soldiers found that Nazi scientists still have hidden parts of the nuclear reactor and related data. Soldiers found that Nazi scientists still have hidden parts of the nuclear reactor and related data.
They found a documented welding reel and three cylinders of heavy water in the pit. After a week of occupation, they found a buried 1.4-ton uranium cube in the fields around the town of Hegelloch. These cubes were shipped to the United States, and their final whereabouts gradually became a mystery.
Scientists are now in the process of trying to track the whereabouts of other cubes in the Hegelloch reactor.
A week after the occupation of the town, they found buried 1.4 tons of uranium cubes in the fields around the town of Hegorloch. After a week of occupation of the town, they found in the fields around the town of Hegelloch. Buried 1.4 ton uranium cube
These cubes fell into the hands of various people all over the country. I don't know how many were handed over and I don't know what the rest is.
In addition to tracking the cubes sent to the United States, scientists are eager to know the final fate of the other 400 cubes. These cubes have flowed to the European black market after the war and are secretly resold as valuable treasures.
There are currently 10 cube locations identified, one of which is currently owned by Harvard University and one owned by the Smithsonian Institution of Washington.
Scientists are encouraging intimate people to contact them via email, hoping to talk as much as possible to those who have been exposed to these cubes.
Professor Coase is now ready to lend his cube to a museum to give the public a glimpse of its true content, which may be a good way to help find the remaining mysterious cubes.
https://tech.sina.com.cn/d/i/2019-05-13/doc-ihvhiews1460851.shtml
新浪科技> 科学探索> 科技前沿 > 正文
新闻
科学家正追踪纳粹建核反应堆剩余的神秘“铀立方体”
科学家正追踪纳粹建核反应堆剩余的神秘“铀立方体”
新浪科技讯 北京时间5月13日消息，据国外媒体报道，马里兰大学的提摩西·科斯教授在几年前的一天神秘地收到了一个放射性立方体，这可是个神秘的大礼，随这个铀立方体一同寄来的还有一条皱巴巴的纸条，上面写着：“来自德国，取自希特勒试图建造的核反应堆。宁格送上的礼物。”
这个故事要从由特勒打造的核反应堆说起，在二战结束时反应堆被美军拆解一空，之前被纳粹埋在地下的664枚放射性立方体也随之被运到了美国。
虽然当时这座核反应堆中的放射性物质数量不足以让其全力运转，但由科斯教授领导的团队在纳粹文件中发现，德国其它地方还藏有足够多的放射性物质，足以让核反应堆达到完整运力。
这些额外的放射性立方体当时由另一支研究团队掌管，但如果当时双方科学家能够将自己所有的铀合并到一处，就能离成功更进一步了。
多出来的这400个神秘立方体在战后便流向了黑市，而从反应堆内部取出的大部分立方体在运到美国后，大多也随着时间的流逝不知所踪。
在收到其中一个立方体后，科斯教授的好奇心不禁被激了起来。他与同为马里兰大学研究员的玛利亚姆·希伯特组队，联手调查这座核反应堆的历史，自此之后，他便一直致力于揭露这座核反应堆的历史、以及追查其余残留部分的下落。
这座B-VIII核反应堆由纳粹科学家于二战后期建于柏林，但最后被迁到了德国西南部的海戈尔洛赫镇，纳粹当时修建的实验室规模较小，仅仅位于该镇城堡教堂地下存放马铃薯和啤酒的地窖中。
如今，这座地下设施的残余部分对公众开放展览，被改建成了一座“Atomkeller”（意为原子地窖）博物馆。
参与这座核反应堆建设的德国科学家中，也包括作为量子力学创始人之一的理论科学家维尔纳·海森堡，他最终被盟军于1945年俘获。
这座反应堆的“心脏”由664枚铀立方体组成，每个边长5厘米，科斯教授持有的那一枚也是如此，它们被排布成吊灯状，彼此由航空缆线相连。
反应堆核心由金属包覆的石墨壳包裹，并被置于一个由混凝土砌筑的水罐中，铀立方体构成的“吊灯”则被悬挂于重水中，以便调控核反应的进行。
这些立方体网络的核心则是中子辐射源，随着中子轰击立方体中的铀235原子，这些原子便会随之分裂，释放出大量能量和三个中子，而这三个新生成的中子又会轰击另外三个原子……一生二、二生三，便形成了链式反应。
核反应释放出的能量多达任何化学反应的数百万倍，核裂变产生的能量反过来又可以将水转化为水蒸气，进而驱动涡轮、产生电能。
这次实验是纳粹最后一次、也是离成功最近的一次尝试制造能够自行维持运作的核反应堆，但当时核反应堆核心中的铀不够多，无法实现这一目标。
为达到自行维持运行的核反应堆所需的临界质量，所需的铀立方体至少需为已有数量的1.5倍。虽然海戈尔洛赫的664个立方体还不够多，但当时在德国别处其实还有另外400个放射性立方体，由另一支研究团队所有。如果能把这些立方体加在一起，纳粹科学家就有了足够多的铀，至少能让位于海戈尔洛赫的核反应堆实现全面运转。
如果德国人当时能把资源结合起来，而不是分别由两支相互竞争的研究团队持有，他们也许真能建成一座运行正常的核反应堆，德国的核研究项目相互分散，且构成竞争关系；而在莱斯利·格罗夫斯将军的领导下，美国的曼哈顿项目则众志成城、齐心协力，这一点是德国和美国核研究项目之间最大的不同。
不过，当时阻止德国核试验成功的，还有其它因素。
就算另外400个立方体真的运到了海戈尔洛赫、放进了反应堆中，德国科学家还需要更多的重水，才能让反应堆正常运行，而早在1943年，盟军就炸毁了纳粹位于挪威维莫尔克水力发电厂内部的重水生产设施，挪威抵抗军后来又击沉了将电厂剩余的所有重水运往德国的货轮。
至此，虽然德国是核物理的起源地，核研究也比美国早了将近两年，但一直到战争结束时，德国都未能造成迫在眉睫的核威胁。
科斯教授在2013年收到那枚神秘的立方体时，不禁大吃一惊，他借助历史书上粗糙的黑白照片，认出了这是什么东西。这枚致密的铀立方体重约2.3千克，送给他的时候，外面包着一层褐色纸巾，并被装在一只小小的布制午餐袋中。
就它的大小来说，它的重量显得格外惊人。每次看不知情的人第一次拿起它时的反应，都觉得格外有趣，科斯教授首先要做的是确定这枚立方体是否真的来自于海戈尔洛赫的核反应堆。
这枚立方体的表面遍布凹痕，和上世纪40年代的早期铀处理技术一致，两侧的凹槽可能是用来拴系缆绳的。研究人员还对这枚立方体释放出的伽马射线能量进行了测量，以此确认它是否的确由天然浓缩铀制成，但这枚立方体释放出的伽马射线并不是由放射性同位素铯137释放出的那一种，说明它从未被用在正常运行的核反应堆中。
和立方体一同寄给科斯的那张揉皱的纸条上面写着：“宁格送上的礼物”，罗伯特·宁格（Robert Nininger，纸条上的名字似乎拼错了，比正确拼法多了一个n）曾是参与制造美国第一枚原子弹的曼哈顿项目的专家之一。
据宁格的遗孀称，他的确曾经持有一枚铀立方体，后来转送给了一位朋友，在此之后，这枚立方体可能数度转手，最后到了科斯教授的手中。
战争临近结束时，美军像其它盟军一样，也发起了对纳粹科研项目进行寻获和利用的行动，德国核研究项目就是这一行动的关键目标，任务代码为“Alsos”。
1945年4月20日，Alsos行动占领了海戈尔洛赫镇，并将核反应堆拆卸开来，士兵们发现，纳粹科学家手中还掌握着核反应堆的隐藏部分及相关数据。
他们在粪坑中找到了一只装有文件的焊接卷筒和三筒重水，在占领该镇一周后，他们又在海戈尔洛赫镇周围的田野里发现了埋藏的1.4吨铀立方体，随后，这些立方体被运到了美国，而它们最终下落如何，竟逐渐成了一个谜团。
科学家们如今正展开行动，试图追踪海戈尔洛赫反应堆其它立方体的下落。
这些立方体落到了全国各处各种人的手中，不知道有多少被转手送出，也不知道其余的下落如何。
除了追踪送到美国的立方体外，科学家们还迫切地想知道另外400个立方体最终命运如何，这些立方体战后流落到了欧洲黑市上，被当做价值不菲的宝物秘密转卖。
目前已经有10个立方体的位置被确定，其中一枚现由哈佛大学持有，还有一枚由华盛顿史密森学会所有。
科学家们正鼓励知情者们通过电子邮件与他们取得联系，希望能尽可能多地和接触过这些立方体的人谈一谈。
科斯教授现在准备把自己的立方体借给一所博物馆，让公众得以一瞥它的真容，这可能是帮助找到剩余这些神秘立方体的一个好方法。
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Scientists are tracking the mysterious "uranium cube" remaining in the Nazi nuclear reactor
Scientists are tracking the mysterious "uranium cube" remaining in the Nazi nuclear reactor
Researchers are tracking the radioactive cubes in the center of hundreds of nuclear reactors built by Nazi scientists. Researchers are tracking the radioactive cubes in the center of hundreds of nuclear reactors that were built by Nazi scientists.
Sina Technology News Beijing time on May 13th news, according to foreign media reports, Professor Timothy Coase of the University of Maryland mysteriously received a radioactive cube a few years ago, this is a mysterious gift, along with this uranium cube There was also a crumpled note that read: "From Germany, taken from the nuclear reactor that Hitler tried to build. Ninge gave the gift."
The story begins with a nuclear reactor built by Teller. At the end of World War II, the reactor was dismantled by the US military. The 664 radioactive cubes previously buried by the Nazis were shipped to the United States.
Although the amount of radioactive material in the nuclear reactor was not enough to allow it to operate at full capacity, the team led by Professor Kos found in the Nazi documents that there were enough radioactive materials in other parts of Germany to allow the nuclear reactor to reach full capacity.
These extra radioactive cubes were then run by another research team, but if the scientists at the time were able to combine all of their uranium into one place, they could go a step further.
The extra 400 mysterious cubes flowed to the black market after the war, and most of the cubes taken out of the reactor were shipped to the United States, and most of them disappeared over time.
After receiving one of the cubes, Professor Coase's curiosity could not help but be aroused. He teamed up with Mariam Hibbert, a researcher at the University of Maryland, to investigate the history of the nuclear reactor. Since then, he has been working to expose the history of the nuclear reactor and to trace the whereabouts of the remaining residues. .
The B-VIII nuclear reactor was built in Berlin by Nazi scientists in the late World War II, but was eventually moved to the town of Hegelloch in southwestern Germany. The Nazi-built laboratory was small and was only located underground in the castle church of the town. Potato and beer in the cellar.
Today, the remains of this underground facility are open to the public and have been converted into an "Atomkeller" (meaning atomic cellar) museum.
Among the German scientists involved in the construction of this nuclear reactor, Werner Heisenberg, a theoretical scientist who was one of the founders of quantum mechanics, was eventually captured by the Allies in 1945.
The "heart" of the reactor consists of 664 uranium cubes, each of which is 5 cm long, as is the one held by Professor Kos. They are arranged in chandeliers and connected to each other by air cables.
The "chandelier" composed of uranium cubes is suspended in heavy water, so that the "chandelier" composed of uranium cubes that regulate the nuclear reaction is suspended in heavy water to regulate the nuclear reaction.
The core of the reactor is wrapped in a metal-coated graphite shell and placed in a concrete-built water tank. The "chandelier" made up of uranium cubes is suspended in heavy water to regulate the nuclear reaction.
The picture shows the remaining part of the water tank and reactor aluminum structure after it has been blasted. The picture of the “Atomic Mantle” museum, now on display in Hegolloch, is the remnant of the explosion of the water tank and reactor aluminum structure. Now in the "Atomic Cellar" Museum in Hegelloch
The core of these cube networks is the neutron source. As the neutrons bombard the 235 uranium atoms in the cube, these atoms will split, releasing a lot of energy and three neutrons, and the three newly generated ones. The child will bombard the other three atoms... The first two, the second and the third, will form a chain reaction.
The nuclear reaction releases as much as a million times the energy of any chemical reaction. The energy produced by nuclear fission, in turn, converts water into water vapor, which in turn drives the turbine and produces electricity.
This experiment was the last and yet successful attempt by the Nazis to create a nuclear reactor that could sustain itself, but at the time there was not enough uranium in the core of the nuclear reactor to achieve this goal.
At the heart of the prototype nuclear reactor is a "chandelier" consisting of 664 uranium cubes. The core of the prototype nuclear reactor is a "chandelier" consisting of 664 uranium cubes.
In order to achieve the critical mass required for a self-sustaining nuclear reactor, the required uranium cube must be at least 1.5 times the amount already available. Although Hegel Loch's 664 cubes were not enough, there were actually another 400 radioactive cubes elsewhere in Germany, owned by another research team. If these cubes can be added together, Nazi scientists will have enough uranium to at least allow the nuclear reactor in Hegorloch to be fully operational.
If the Germans were able to combine resources at the time instead of being held by two competing research teams, they might be able to build a functioning nuclear reactor. The German nuclear research projects are scattered and competing. Under the leadership of General Sly Groves, the Manhattan project in the United States is united and united. This is the biggest difference between German and US nuclear research projects.
However, there were other factors that prevented the success of the German nuclear test.
Even if another 400 cubes were shipped to Hegor Loch and put into the reactor, German scientists needed more heavy water to get the reactor running, and as early as 1943, the Allies blew up the Nazis. The heavy water production facility inside the Norwegian Vimorke hydroelectric power plant, the Norwegian Resistance Army later sank the freighter that transported all the remaining heavy water from the power plant to Germany.
So far, although Germany is the origin of nuclear physics, nuclear research has been nearly two years earlier than the United States, but until the end of the war, Germany has failed to create an imminent nuclear threat.
When Professor Coase received the mysterious cube in 2013, he was shocked. He used the rough black and white photos in the history book to recognize what it was. The dense uranium cube weighed about 2.3 kilograms. When it was given to him, it was covered with a brown tissue and packed in a small cloth lunch bag.
Its size is extraordinarily amazing in terms of its size. Every time the uninformed person reacts to it when he first picks it up, it feels very interesting. The first thing Professor Coase wants to do is to determine if the cube really comes from the nuclear reactor of Hegolloch.
The core of the reactor is wrapped in a metal-coated graphite shell and placed in a concrete tank. The "chandelier" consisting of uranium cubes is suspended in heavy water to regulate the nuclear reaction. The core of the reactor is wrapped in a metal-coated graphite shell and placed in a concrete-built jug. The "chandelier" made up of uranium cubes is suspended in heavy water to regulate the nuclear reaction.
The surface of the cube is covered with dents, consistent with the early uranium processing techniques of the 1940s, and the grooves on either side may be used to tether the cable. The researchers also measured the gamma ray energy released by the cube to confirm whether it was indeed made of naturally enriched uranium, but the gamma ray released by this cube was not released by the radioactive isotope 铯137. That one, it shows that it has never been used in a normal operating nuclear reactor.
The crumpled note that was sent to Coase with the cube reads: "The gift from Ninge," Robert Nininger (the name on the note seems to be misspelled, more than the correct spelling One of the experts was once an expert in the Manhattan project involved in the manufacture of the first atomic bomb in the United States.
According to the widow of Ninge, he did hold a uranium cube and later transferred it to a friend. After that, the cube may be transferred several times and finally to the hands of Professor Coase.
At the end of the war, the US military, like other allies, also launched an operation to find and utilize Nazi research projects. The German nuclear research project is the key target of this operation, and the mission code is “Alsos”.
On April 20, 1945, the Alsos operation occupied the town of Hegorloch and dismantled the nuclear reactor. The soldiers found that the Nazi scientists still had hidden parts of the nuclear reactor and related data.
Soldiers found that Nazi scientists still have hidden parts of the nuclear reactor and related data. Soldiers found that Nazi scientists still have hidden parts of the nuclear reactor and related data.
They found a documented welding reel and three cylinders of heavy water in the pit. After a week of occupation, they found a buried 1.4-ton uranium cube in the fields around the town of Hegelloch. These cubes were shipped to the United States, and their final whereabouts gradually became a mystery.
Scientists are now in the process of trying to track the whereabouts of other cubes in the Hegelloch reactor.
A week after the occupation of the town, they found buried 1.4 tons of uranium cubes in the fields around the town of Hegorloch. After a week of occupation of the town, they found in the fields around the town of Hegelloch. Buried 1.4 ton uranium cube
These cubes fell into the hands of various people all over the country. I don't know how many were handed over and I don't know what the rest is.
In addition to tracking the cubes sent to the United States, scientists are eager to know the final fate of the other 400 cubes. These cubes have flowed to the European black market after the war and are secretly resold as valuable treasures.
There are currently 10 cube locations identified, one of which is currently owned by Harvard University and one owned by the Smithsonian Institution of Washington.
Scientists are encouraging intimate people to contact them via email, hoping to talk as much as possible to those who have been exposed to these cubes.
Professor Coase is now ready to lend his cube to a museum to give the public a glimpse of its true content, which may be a good way to help find the remaining mysterious cubes.
