1. IQ aka fluid intelligence is very much genetics.
2. The willingness to work hard, the industriousness component of the personality trait conscientiousness (using Big Five model), has also been proven to be highly heritable.
3. In other words, those who succeed - they can thank their parents for good genes and their own luck for inheriting the good genes. There is not as much inherent 'merit' they can claim, and on the flip side, not much demerit those who failed can be damned with. For those who are religious, they can thank whatever deities / concepts they worship, and then refer to Christ' parable of the talents - to those given much, much is expected.
4. Crystallised intelligence is input (conscientiousness to obtain the inputs) processed via fluid intelligence into memory and attained skills. Tuition is an example of this - students who aren't as smart (slower to absorb concepts) can compensate by going for shadow education to bridge the gap - this requires time, effort, and money. Our academic subjects, especially at the PSLE and 'O' Levels, mainly test for crystallised intelligence because academic systems generally all screen for both IQ and conscientiousness. The weightage on fluid intelligence (IQ) is significant only at the 'A' Levels (novel questions, novel situations, the Unseen in E Lit etc). A pure fluid intelligence (IQ) test is usually a pattern recognition test like the Raven's Progressive Matrices, or the psychometric test (which is the same thing with a different name) scholars have to take before they get their scholarship, where conscientiousness plays no part at all.
5. People with relatively lower IQs can still achieve greater crystallised intelligence and mastery in specific fields compared to people with high IQs. Think of the mugger who isn't quite that bright, but slogs through all the revision packages and spends a lot of effort, getting good grades compared against the slacker who procrastinated until just before the exams and did poorly. It requires hard work though, which once again deals both conscientiousness and industriousness - both being inherited traits. Ouch.
6. Add to that the already existing social inequalities, and the uneven distribution of opportunities for the poor but talented, and it can be very demoralising.
7. Hierarchies are a natural, and even desired order of affairs in the real world. When even lobsters are in hierarchies... You sure as hell want there to be competence hierarchies in medicine and surgery, for example!
More at https://www.domainofexperts.com/2018/10/fluid-intelligence-vs-crystallised.html
2. The willingness to work hard, the industriousness component of the personality trait conscientiousness (using Big Five model), has also been proven to be highly heritable.
3. In other words, those who succeed - they can thank their parents for good genes and their own luck for inheriting the good genes. There is not as much inherent 'merit' they can claim, and on the flip side, not much demerit those who failed can be damned with. For those who are religious, they can thank whatever deities / concepts they worship, and then refer to Christ' parable of the talents - to those given much, much is expected.
4. Crystallised intelligence is input (conscientiousness to obtain the inputs) processed via fluid intelligence into memory and attained skills. Tuition is an example of this - students who aren't as smart (slower to absorb concepts) can compensate by going for shadow education to bridge the gap - this requires time, effort, and money. Our academic subjects, especially at the PSLE and 'O' Levels, mainly test for crystallised intelligence because academic systems generally all screen for both IQ and conscientiousness. The weightage on fluid intelligence (IQ) is significant only at the 'A' Levels (novel questions, novel situations, the Unseen in E Lit etc). A pure fluid intelligence (IQ) test is usually a pattern recognition test like the Raven's Progressive Matrices, or the psychometric test (which is the same thing with a different name) scholars have to take before they get their scholarship, where conscientiousness plays no part at all.
5. People with relatively lower IQs can still achieve greater crystallised intelligence and mastery in specific fields compared to people with high IQs. Think of the mugger who isn't quite that bright, but slogs through all the revision packages and spends a lot of effort, getting good grades compared against the slacker who procrastinated until just before the exams and did poorly. It requires hard work though, which once again deals both conscientiousness and industriousness - both being inherited traits. Ouch.
6. Add to that the already existing social inequalities, and the uneven distribution of opportunities for the poor but talented, and it can be very demoralising.
7. Hierarchies are a natural, and even desired order of affairs in the real world. When even lobsters are in hierarchies... You sure as hell want there to be competence hierarchies in medicine and surgery, for example!
More at https://www.domainofexperts.com/2018/10/fluid-intelligence-vs-crystallised.html
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