http://education.news.cn/2019-06/28/c_1210172369.htm
中学生设计太空舱 发射到7万米高空
2019-06-28 07:42:48 来源： 新京报
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北京八一学校和石家庄鹿泉一中近40名学生参与了设计；系全国首个中学生太空生物实验舱
学生参与设计的“方舟一号”太空生物实验舱。
参与“方舟一号”设计的八一学校学生代表与即将发射的火箭合影。本版图片/受访者供图6月17日下午3点30分，内蒙古阿拉善，中国首个中学生太空生物实验舱——“方舟一号”被一枚探空火箭成功送至70千米高空。
新京报记者近日了解到，“方舟一号”由北京市八一学校牵头研制，该校和石家庄鹿泉一中近40名学生参与了设计。“方舟一号”搭载果蝇蟑螂，研究太空环境对睡眠的影响。目前先验证了实验舱的自主定位、返回式着陆搜救以及数据回传功能。
关注1 太空舱有哪些“乘客”？
果蝇和蟑螂是第一批“乘客”；研究太空环境对睡眠的影响
“方舟一号”由北京市八一学校牵头研制，依托学校空间生命科学实验室、北京航科方舟空间技术有限公司、中科院城市环境研究所支持。“方舟一号”携带了百余只果蝇和几只蟑螂，预想通过研究太空环境对果蝇睡眠的影响，为解决宇航员睡眠障碍问题提供参考。
张馨心，北京市八一学校高二学生，是设计者之一，去年暑假加入了团队，她所在的小组需要自主设计一个研究果蝇生命节律的实验方案。他们查阅资料得知，果蝇5分钟保持不动就是进入了睡眠状态，但想到太空舱会不断运动，所以要确认果蝇睡觉时能否抓在试管壁上保持静止，于是找来小风扇对着果蝇吹，证明它们睡眠时具有“抓壁”能力。
“太空生存环境恶劣，很多宇航员出现睡眠障碍问题。为了解空间环境下的睡眠规律，我们决定先选取果蝇进行动物实验。”参与项目的中科院城市环境研究所相关负责人介绍。
据介绍，果蝇的一部分基因与人类同源，并且像人类一样受昼夜节律和环境的影响。实验显示，果蝇对太空环境的应激做出积极的响应，较小的体积能以最小化的资源需求生存。
关注2 设计制造太空舱难在哪里？
编程难度高；成品还要保证无人操作下温度湿度合适
今年寒假，张馨心所在的小组完成了实验舱的内部结构设计，需要继续进行编程，确保实验舱能自动运转，在无人操作的情况下，自我调整内部温度、湿度、氧气和二氧化碳含量等。
张馨心自学了C++课程，在“初升高”的暑假参加了学校的编程课程，寒假时又参加了北京市第三十五中学的编程冬令营，但实验舱的编程对她来说难度仍然很高。寒假期间，张馨心连续三天不停写程序，“有时候睡觉都在想编程”，张馨心说，数不清程序出了多少次错，只记得当监视器上出现第一个正确读数时，她兴奋得叫了出来。
在最终的“方舟一号”太空生物实验舱设计方案评选时，张馨心所在小组的设计方案获得了第一名。
对张馨心而言，参与这次活动最大的收获不是最初预想的学习知识和技能，而在于开阔眼界，提升心理素质，“通过活动我获得了很多机会，比如参与了航天专家的讨论会议。”
参与项目期间，她偶尔会担心做不好，萌生退意，父母都会鼓励她，即使“方舟一号”的发射时间临近期末，父母也支持她前往内蒙古阿拉善见证实验舱发射升空。“很感激爸爸妈妈给了我勇气。”
关注3 实验最终结果如何？
实验舱设备承受住了高温、高真空、高震动和高冲击的考验
“这次实验略有遗憾。”本次项目指导老师、八一学校教师陶祥明介绍，由于使用的探空火箭升空速度快，到达70千米高空只用了200多秒，且因靶场空域问题火箭安排在下午发射，导致为夜间发射设计的实验舱内温度超过了“乘客”适宜的生存温度。
得知结果，张馨心和她的小伙伴们表示不会轻易放弃。
“实验舱设备仍旧承受住了高温、高真空、高震动和高冲击”。陶祥明表示，未来如有机会，学校还会组织学生参与设计实验舱。
“开展这些活动，希望学生通过实践体验，对于未来的专业或兴趣发展有一个初步认识，发现自己擅长或不擅长的领域。”陶祥明说。
据悉，“方舟一号”本计划跟随今年下半年发射的“八一02星”进入太空，但因实验舱尺寸等问题无法实现，最终改为由探空火箭送至70千米的高空，先行验证实验舱的自主定位、返回式着陆搜救以及数据回传功能。
目前“方舟一号”太空生物实验舱存放在中科院城环所物理环境研究组北京实验室，实验舱回传的舱内物理环境、温湿度、氧气二氧化碳含量等数据，相关专家正在分析。
■ 延展
航天教育已成八一学校教学特色
鼓励学生参与航天项目设计活动在八一学校已有先例。2016年12月28日，国内首颗中学生科普小卫星“八一·少年行”在太原发射，八一学校的学生参与了卫星的设计与研制过程，并主导完成了卫星的载荷设计。
陶祥明介绍，近年来，航天科技教育已成为八一学校的一项特色，通过卫星研制等项目带领学生参与科研。去年5月，八一学校成立了空间生命科学实验室，在中国科学院城市环境所、航天科技教育联盟等单位支持下，不定期就青少年参与太空生物实验、返回式搭载载荷等涉及的专项航天知识开展科普讲座、寒暑假实践营等活动。
学校对科技教育的课程建设也做了改进。初中课程建设中增强了数学、物理、化学和生物等学科教学的横向配合，高中则重点开展多种科学创新与技术实践的跨学科探究活动。（记者 黄哲程 实习生 陈美竹）
Middle school students design space capsules to launch at an altitude of 70,000 meters
2019-06-28 07:42:48 Source: Beijing News
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Nearly 40 students from Beijing Bayi School and Luquan Yizhong of Shijiazhuang participated in the design; it was the first Chinese middle school student space biology experiment cabin.
Students participated in the design of the "Ark 1" space biology experimental cabin.
A student representative of the Bayi School who participated in the design of the "Ark 1" and the upcoming rocket. This version of the picture / respondent for the picture
At 3:30 pm on June 17, Inner Mongolia Alashan, China's first middle school student space biology experimental cabin - "Ark 1" was successfully sent to a height of 70 kilometers by a sounding rocket.
The Beijing News reporter recently learned that "Ark No. 1" was led by Beijing Bayi School, and nearly 40 students from the school and Shijiazhuang Luquan Yizhong participated in the design. The "Ark 1" carries a fruit fly cockroach to study the effects of the space environment on sleep. At present, the autonomous positioning of the experimental cabin, the return landing search and rescue, and the data return function are verified.
Concern 1 What are the “passengers” in the space capsule?
Drosophila and cockroaches are the first "passengers"; study the impact of the space environment on sleep
“Ark 1” was developed by Beijing Bayi School and supported by the School Space Life Science Laboratory, Beijing Hangke Ark Space Technology Co., Ltd., and the Institute of Urban Environment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. "Ark 1" carries more than 100 fruit flies and several cockroaches. It is expected to provide a reference for solving the problem of astronauts' sleep disorders by studying the effects of space environment on the sleep of fruit flies.
Zhang Xinxin, a high school student at Bayi School in Beijing, was one of the designers. She joined the team last summer and her team needed to design an experimental program to study the life rhythm of Drosophila. They checked the information and learned that the fruit fly stayed in sleep for 5 minutes, but thought that the space capsule would keep moving, so be sure to keep the fruit fly on the test tube wall to stay still when sleeping, so find a small fan. Blowing against fruit flies, they prove that they have the ability to "catch the wall" when they sleep.
“The space living environment is bad, and many astronauts have problems with sleep disorders. In order to understand the sleep patterns in the space environment, we decided to select fruit flies for animal experiments.” The relevant person in charge of the Institute of Urban Environment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences participated in the project.
According to reports, part of the genes of Drosophila are homologous to humans and are affected by circadian rhythms and the environment like humans. Experiments have shown that fruit flies respond positively to stress in the space environment, and smaller volumes can survive with minimal resource requirements.
Concern 2 What is the difficulty in designing and manufacturing a space capsule?
Programming is difficult; the finished product must also ensure that the temperature and humidity are suitable under unmanned operation.
This year's winter vacation, Zhang Xinxin's team completed the internal structural design of the experimental cabin, need to continue programming, to ensure that the experimental cabin can automatically run, self-adjusting internal temperature, humidity, oxygen and carbon dioxide content in the absence of operation.
Zhang Xinxin taught herself the C++ course and took part in the school's programming course during the “early rise” summer vacation. She also participated in the programming winter camp of Beijing No. 35 Middle School during the winter vacation, but the programming of the experimental cabin is still very difficult for her. high. During the winter vacation, Zhang Xinxin kept writing the program for three consecutive days. "Sometimes I want to sleep when I sleep." Zhang Xinxin said that there are countless mistakes in the program. I only remember that when the first correct reading appeared on the monitor, she Excited and called out.
In the final selection of the "Ark 1" space biological experimental cabin design program, Zhang Xinxin's team's design plan won the first place.
For Zhang Xinxin, the biggest gain of participating in this activity is not the original learning knowledge and skills, but the broadening of the horizon and the improvement of psychological quality. “I have gained many opportunities through the activities, such as participating in the discussion meeting of aerospace experts.”
During the project, she occasionally worried that she would not do well, and her parents would encourage her. Even if the launch time of "Ark 1" was nearing the end of the period, her parents would support her to go to Inner Mongolia Alashan to witness the experimental cabin launch. “I am very grateful to my father and mother for giving me courage.”
Concern 3 What is the final result of the experiment?
The laboratory equipment has withstood the test of high temperature, high vacuum, high vibration and high impact.
"This experiment is slightly regrettable." Tao Xiangming, the project's instructor and teacher of Bayi School, said that because of the rapid launch of the sounding rocket used, it took only 200 seconds to reach 70 kilometers, and because of the range airspace. The problem rocket was scheduled to launch in the afternoon, resulting in an experimental cabin temperature designed for nighttime launches that exceeded the "passenger"'s suitable temperature of survival.
Knowing the results, Zhang Xinxin and her friends said that they would not give up easily.
“The experimental cabin equipment still withstands high temperatures, high vacuum, high vibration and high impact”. Tao Xiangming said that if there is an opportunity in the future, the school will also organize students to participate in the design of the experimental cabin.
“To carry out these activities, I hope that students will have a preliminary understanding of the future profession or interest development through practical experience and find areas that they are good at or not good at.” Tao Xiangming said.
It is reported that "Ark No. 1" plans to enter the space with the "August 1st Star" launched in the second half of this year, but it cannot be realized due to problems such as the size of the experimental cabin. Eventually it will be sent to the altitude of 70 kilometers by the sounding rocket. Verify the autonomous positioning of the experimental cabin, return landing search and rescue and data return function.
At present, the "Ark 1" space biology experimental cabin is stored in the Beijing Laboratory of the Physical Environment Research Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the physical environment, temperature and humidity, oxygen and carbon dioxide content of the cabin returned by the experimental cabin are being analyzed by relevant experts.
■ Extension
Aerospace education has become a teaching feature of the August 1st school
Encouraging students to participate in aerospace project design activities has precedents in Bayi School. On December 28, 2016, the first medium-sized student science popularization satellite "August Youth" was launched in Taiyuan. The students of Bayi School participated in the design and development of the satellite and led the completion of the satellite payload design.
Tao Xiangming said that in recent years, aerospace science and technology education has become a feature of Bayi School, leading students to participate in scientific research through satellite development projects. In May of last year, Bayi School established the Space Life Science Laboratory. With the support of the Institute of Urban Environment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Aerospace Science and Technology Education Alliance, the aerospace knowledge involved in space biology experiments and returning loads was occasionally carried out. Conduct science lectures, winter and summer practice camps and other activities.
The school has also improved the curriculum construction of science and technology education. The junior high school curriculum has enhanced the horizontal cooperation of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology, while the high school has focused on interdisciplinary inquiry activities of various scientific innovations and technical practices. (Reporter Huang Zhecheng Intern Chen Meizhu)
中学生设计太空舱 发射到7万米高空
2019-06-28 07:42:48 来源： 新京报
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北京八一学校和石家庄鹿泉一中近40名学生参与了设计；系全国首个中学生太空生物实验舱
学生参与设计的“方舟一号”太空生物实验舱。
参与“方舟一号”设计的八一学校学生代表与即将发射的火箭合影。本版图片/受访者供图
新京报记者近日了解到，“方舟一号”由北京市八一学校牵头研制，该校和石家庄鹿泉一中近40名学生参与了设计。“方舟一号”搭载果蝇蟑螂，研究太空环境对睡眠的影响。目前先验证了实验舱的自主定位、返回式着陆搜救以及数据回传功能。
关注1 太空舱有哪些“乘客”？
果蝇和蟑螂是第一批“乘客”；研究太空环境对睡眠的影响
“方舟一号”由北京市八一学校牵头研制，依托学校空间生命科学实验室、北京航科方舟空间技术有限公司、中科院城市环境研究所支持。“方舟一号”携带了百余只果蝇和几只蟑螂，预想通过研究太空环境对果蝇睡眠的影响，为解决宇航员睡眠障碍问题提供参考。
张馨心，北京市八一学校高二学生，是设计者之一，去年暑假加入了团队，她所在的小组需要自主设计一个研究果蝇生命节律的实验方案。他们查阅资料得知，果蝇5分钟保持不动就是进入了睡眠状态，但想到太空舱会不断运动，所以要确认果蝇睡觉时能否抓在试管壁上保持静止，于是找来小风扇对着果蝇吹，证明它们睡眠时具有“抓壁”能力。
“太空生存环境恶劣，很多宇航员出现睡眠障碍问题。为了解空间环境下的睡眠规律，我们决定先选取果蝇进行动物实验。”参与项目的中科院城市环境研究所相关负责人介绍。
据介绍，果蝇的一部分基因与人类同源，并且像人类一样受昼夜节律和环境的影响。实验显示，果蝇对太空环境的应激做出积极的响应，较小的体积能以最小化的资源需求生存。
关注2 设计制造太空舱难在哪里？
编程难度高；成品还要保证无人操作下温度湿度合适
今年寒假，张馨心所在的小组完成了实验舱的内部结构设计，需要继续进行编程，确保实验舱能自动运转，在无人操作的情况下，自我调整内部温度、湿度、氧气和二氧化碳含量等。
张馨心自学了C++课程，在“初升高”的暑假参加了学校的编程课程，寒假时又参加了北京市第三十五中学的编程冬令营，但实验舱的编程对她来说难度仍然很高。寒假期间，张馨心连续三天不停写程序，“有时候睡觉都在想编程”，张馨心说，数不清程序出了多少次错，只记得当监视器上出现第一个正确读数时，她兴奋得叫了出来。
在最终的“方舟一号”太空生物实验舱设计方案评选时，张馨心所在小组的设计方案获得了第一名。
对张馨心而言，参与这次活动最大的收获不是最初预想的学习知识和技能，而在于开阔眼界，提升心理素质，“通过活动我获得了很多机会，比如参与了航天专家的讨论会议。”
参与项目期间，她偶尔会担心做不好，萌生退意，父母都会鼓励她，即使“方舟一号”的发射时间临近期末，父母也支持她前往内蒙古阿拉善见证实验舱发射升空。“很感激爸爸妈妈给了我勇气。”
关注3 实验最终结果如何？
实验舱设备承受住了高温、高真空、高震动和高冲击的考验
“这次实验略有遗憾。”本次项目指导老师、八一学校教师陶祥明介绍，由于使用的探空火箭升空速度快，到达70千米高空只用了200多秒，且因靶场空域问题火箭安排在下午发射，导致为夜间发射设计的实验舱内温度超过了“乘客”适宜的生存温度。
得知结果，张馨心和她的小伙伴们表示不会轻易放弃。
“实验舱设备仍旧承受住了高温、高真空、高震动和高冲击”。陶祥明表示，未来如有机会，学校还会组织学生参与设计实验舱。
“开展这些活动，希望学生通过实践体验，对于未来的专业或兴趣发展有一个初步认识，发现自己擅长或不擅长的领域。”陶祥明说。
据悉，“方舟一号”本计划跟随今年下半年发射的“八一02星”进入太空，但因实验舱尺寸等问题无法实现，最终改为由探空火箭送至70千米的高空，先行验证实验舱的自主定位、返回式着陆搜救以及数据回传功能。
目前“方舟一号”太空生物实验舱存放在中科院城环所物理环境研究组北京实验室，实验舱回传的舱内物理环境、温湿度、氧气二氧化碳含量等数据，相关专家正在分析。
■ 延展
航天教育已成八一学校教学特色
鼓励学生参与航天项目设计活动在八一学校已有先例。2016年12月28日，国内首颗中学生科普小卫星“八一·少年行”在太原发射，八一学校的学生参与了卫星的设计与研制过程，并主导完成了卫星的载荷设计。
陶祥明介绍，近年来，航天科技教育已成为八一学校的一项特色，通过卫星研制等项目带领学生参与科研。去年5月，八一学校成立了空间生命科学实验室，在中国科学院城市环境所、航天科技教育联盟等单位支持下，不定期就青少年参与太空生物实验、返回式搭载载荷等涉及的专项航天知识开展科普讲座、寒暑假实践营等活动。
学校对科技教育的课程建设也做了改进。初中课程建设中增强了数学、物理、化学和生物等学科教学的横向配合，高中则重点开展多种科学创新与技术实践的跨学科探究活动。（记者 黄哲程 实习生 陈美竹）
Middle school students design space capsules to launch at an altitude of 70,000 meters
2019-06-28 07:42:48 Source: Beijing News
Pay attention to Xinhuanet
Qzone
0
comment
Nearly 40 students from Beijing Bayi School and Luquan Yizhong of Shijiazhuang participated in the design; it was the first Chinese middle school student space biology experiment cabin.
Students participated in the design of the "Ark 1" space biology experimental cabin.
A student representative of the Bayi School who participated in the design of the "Ark 1" and the upcoming rocket. This version of the picture / respondent for the picture
At 3:30 pm on June 17, Inner Mongolia Alashan, China's first middle school student space biology experimental cabin - "Ark 1" was successfully sent to a height of 70 kilometers by a sounding rocket.
The Beijing News reporter recently learned that "Ark No. 1" was led by Beijing Bayi School, and nearly 40 students from the school and Shijiazhuang Luquan Yizhong participated in the design. The "Ark 1" carries a fruit fly cockroach to study the effects of the space environment on sleep. At present, the autonomous positioning of the experimental cabin, the return landing search and rescue, and the data return function are verified.
Concern 1 What are the “passengers” in the space capsule?
Drosophila and cockroaches are the first "passengers"; study the impact of the space environment on sleep
“Ark 1” was developed by Beijing Bayi School and supported by the School Space Life Science Laboratory, Beijing Hangke Ark Space Technology Co., Ltd., and the Institute of Urban Environment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. "Ark 1" carries more than 100 fruit flies and several cockroaches. It is expected to provide a reference for solving the problem of astronauts' sleep disorders by studying the effects of space environment on the sleep of fruit flies.
Zhang Xinxin, a high school student at Bayi School in Beijing, was one of the designers. She joined the team last summer and her team needed to design an experimental program to study the life rhythm of Drosophila. They checked the information and learned that the fruit fly stayed in sleep for 5 minutes, but thought that the space capsule would keep moving, so be sure to keep the fruit fly on the test tube wall to stay still when sleeping, so find a small fan. Blowing against fruit flies, they prove that they have the ability to "catch the wall" when they sleep.
“The space living environment is bad, and many astronauts have problems with sleep disorders. In order to understand the sleep patterns in the space environment, we decided to select fruit flies for animal experiments.” The relevant person in charge of the Institute of Urban Environment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences participated in the project.
According to reports, part of the genes of Drosophila are homologous to humans and are affected by circadian rhythms and the environment like humans. Experiments have shown that fruit flies respond positively to stress in the space environment, and smaller volumes can survive with minimal resource requirements.
Concern 2 What is the difficulty in designing and manufacturing a space capsule?
Programming is difficult; the finished product must also ensure that the temperature and humidity are suitable under unmanned operation.
This year's winter vacation, Zhang Xinxin's team completed the internal structural design of the experimental cabin, need to continue programming, to ensure that the experimental cabin can automatically run, self-adjusting internal temperature, humidity, oxygen and carbon dioxide content in the absence of operation.
Zhang Xinxin taught herself the C++ course and took part in the school's programming course during the “early rise” summer vacation. She also participated in the programming winter camp of Beijing No. 35 Middle School during the winter vacation, but the programming of the experimental cabin is still very difficult for her. high. During the winter vacation, Zhang Xinxin kept writing the program for three consecutive days. "Sometimes I want to sleep when I sleep." Zhang Xinxin said that there are countless mistakes in the program. I only remember that when the first correct reading appeared on the monitor, she Excited and called out.
In the final selection of the "Ark 1" space biological experimental cabin design program, Zhang Xinxin's team's design plan won the first place.
For Zhang Xinxin, the biggest gain of participating in this activity is not the original learning knowledge and skills, but the broadening of the horizon and the improvement of psychological quality. “I have gained many opportunities through the activities, such as participating in the discussion meeting of aerospace experts.”
During the project, she occasionally worried that she would not do well, and her parents would encourage her. Even if the launch time of "Ark 1" was nearing the end of the period, her parents would support her to go to Inner Mongolia Alashan to witness the experimental cabin launch. “I am very grateful to my father and mother for giving me courage.”
Concern 3 What is the final result of the experiment?
The laboratory equipment has withstood the test of high temperature, high vacuum, high vibration and high impact.
"This experiment is slightly regrettable." Tao Xiangming, the project's instructor and teacher of Bayi School, said that because of the rapid launch of the sounding rocket used, it took only 200 seconds to reach 70 kilometers, and because of the range airspace. The problem rocket was scheduled to launch in the afternoon, resulting in an experimental cabin temperature designed for nighttime launches that exceeded the "passenger"'s suitable temperature of survival.
Knowing the results, Zhang Xinxin and her friends said that they would not give up easily.
“The experimental cabin equipment still withstands high temperatures, high vacuum, high vibration and high impact”. Tao Xiangming said that if there is an opportunity in the future, the school will also organize students to participate in the design of the experimental cabin.
“To carry out these activities, I hope that students will have a preliminary understanding of the future profession or interest development through practical experience and find areas that they are good at or not good at.” Tao Xiangming said.
It is reported that "Ark No. 1" plans to enter the space with the "August 1st Star" launched in the second half of this year, but it cannot be realized due to problems such as the size of the experimental cabin. Eventually it will be sent to the altitude of 70 kilometers by the sounding rocket. Verify the autonomous positioning of the experimental cabin, return landing search and rescue and data return function.
At present, the "Ark 1" space biology experimental cabin is stored in the Beijing Laboratory of the Physical Environment Research Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the physical environment, temperature and humidity, oxygen and carbon dioxide content of the cabin returned by the experimental cabin are being analyzed by relevant experts.
■ Extension
Aerospace education has become a teaching feature of the August 1st school
Encouraging students to participate in aerospace project design activities has precedents in Bayi School. On December 28, 2016, the first medium-sized student science popularization satellite "August Youth" was launched in Taiyuan. The students of Bayi School participated in the design and development of the satellite and led the completion of the satellite payload design.
Tao Xiangming said that in recent years, aerospace science and technology education has become a feature of Bayi School, leading students to participate in scientific research through satellite development projects. In May of last year, Bayi School established the Space Life Science Laboratory. With the support of the Institute of Urban Environment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Aerospace Science and Technology Education Alliance, the aerospace knowledge involved in space biology experiments and returning loads was occasionally carried out. Conduct science lectures, winter and summer practice camps and other activities.
The school has also improved the curriculum construction of science and technology education. The junior high school curriculum has enhanced the horizontal cooperation of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology, while the high school has focused on interdisciplinary inquiry activities of various scientific innovations and technical practices. (Reporter Huang Zhecheng Intern Chen Meizhu)
