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We've met the enemy - and it's PowerPoint
by Elisabeth Bumiller
<table id="fullBodyHolder" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td id="leftBodyHolder"> General Stanley A McChrystal, the leader of American and Nato forces in Afghanistan, was shown a PowerPoint slide in Kabul last summer that was meant to portray the complexity of American military strategy. It looked more like a bowl of spaghetti.
"When we understand that slide, we'll have won the war," Gen McChrystal dryly remarked, one of his advisers recalled, as the room erupted in laughter.
The slide has since bounced around the Internet as an example of a military tool that has spun out of control.
Like an insurgency, PowerPoint has crept into the daily lives of military commanders and reached the level of near obsession.
The amount of time expended on PowerPoint, the Microsoft presentation tool of charts, graphs and bullet points, has made it a running joke in the Pentagon and in Iraq and Afghanistan.
"PowerPoint makes us stupid," General James N Mattis of the Marine Corps, the Joint Forces commander, said this month at a military conference in North Carolina. (He spoke without PowerPoint.)
Brigadier General H R McMaster, who banned PowerPoint presentations when he led the successful effort to secure the northern Iraqi city of Tal Afar in 2005, followed up at the same conference by likening PowerPoint to an internal threat.
"It's dangerous because it can create the illusion of understanding and the illusion of control," BG McMaster said in a telephone interview. "Some problems in the world are not bullet-isable."
In BG McMaster's view, PowerPoint's worst offence is not a chart like the spaghetti graphic but its rigid lists of bullet points (in, say, a presentation on a conflict's causes) that take no account of interconnected political, economic and ethnic forces.
"If you divorce war from all of that, it becomes a targeting exercise," he said.
POWERPOINT RANGERS
Commanders say that behind all the PowerPoint jokes are serious concerns that the program stifles discussion, critical thinking and thoughtful decision-making.
Not least, it ties up junior officers - referred to as PowerPoint Rangers - in the daily preparation of slides, be it for a Joint Staff meeting in Washington or for a platoon leader's pre-mission combat briefing in a remote pocket of Afghanistan.
Last year when military website Company Command asked an army platoon leader in Iraq, Lieutenant Sam Nuxoll, how he spent most of his time, he responded: "Making PowerPoint slides."
When pressed, he said he was serious. "I have to make a storyboard complete with digital pictures, diagrams and text summaries on just about anything that happens," Lt Nuxoll said. "Conduct a key leader engagement? Make a storyboard."
Despite such tales, "death by PowerPoint," the phrase used to described the numbing sensation that accompanies a 30-slide briefing, seems here to stay.
The program, is deeply embedded in a military culture that has come to rely on PowerPoint's hierarchical ordering of a confused world.
"There's a lot of PowerPoint backlash, but I don't see it going away any time soon," said Captain Crispin Burke, an army operations officer.
In a telephone conversation, he estimated that he spent an hour each day making PowerPoint slides. In an initial email message responding to the request for an interview, he wrote: "I would be free tonight, but unfortunately, I work late (sadly enough, making PowerPoint slides)."<table id="modalWrapper" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td>
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