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100,000 Warriors of Putin & Xiinping Joint War Games in Russia to defend 1B1R! Missiles Covered the Sky! Dotard suck on our missiles! GPGT!

tun_dr_m

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http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2018-08-21/doc-ihhzsnea0180760.shtml


The unprecedented 100,000-strong military exercise between China and Russia will launch a cruise missile cluster strike
Sina Military at 10:10 on August 21, 2018


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According to the consensus reached between China and Russia, the Chinese military will go to Russia to participate in the Russian military "Oriental-2018" strategic exercise from mid-August to mid-September. From September 11 to 15, the two sides will be in the post-Russian Baikal Territory of Chugo. The training grounds jointly organized a joint campaign action drill.
The strategic command institutions of the Chinese and Russian armed forces will jointly form the director department, and the joint campaign command organization will be dispatched by the northern theater of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the eastern armed forces of the Russian Federation. The Chinese side participates in about 3,200 troops, more than 900 weapons and weapons, 30 fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. It mainly exercises maneuver defense, firepower, and counterattack.
The exercise aims to consolidate the development of China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation, deepen the pragmatic and friendly cooperation between the two militaries, further enhance the ability of the two militaries to jointly respond to various security threats, and help maintain regional peace and security. The exercise is not directed at third parties.
Seeing the last sentence of the report, it is estimated that many people will secretly laugh at it. The Chinese and Russian armed forces are so aggressive in doing things together. This "third party" does not feel that it is difficult to be targeted.
Indeed, compared with the scale of up to a thousand people in recent overseas exercises, the scale of our military’s 3,200 people and more than 900 sets of equipment is truly unprecedented; even in the previous “Peace Mission” series of exercises, this One figure is second only to the two major exercises of "Peace Mission-2005" and "Peace Mission-2014" organized in China.

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I used to say that "millions of thousands of cars", now it is 30% of the people, the cars are almost broken.
However, after listening to this name, I thought of the 81st Army's synthetic brigade, known as the "Prairie Wolf", and the "Star Force" of a certain digitizer in the Central Theater. The Air Force and the Rocket. The military and strategic support units participated extensively and fully demonstrated the new era of our military. The code-named "East -17XX" test exercise.
When it comes to exercises, many people's first reaction is generally "who won" (I will not say)? In fact, for the inspection exercises, the main purpose of the exercise is really similar to the impressions of some of our previous exercises - for the leaders. At this time, it is necessary to dialectically swear by the words of "seeing the leader".
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This firepower is a heroic
If the "Oriental-17XX" is a reporting exercise to the head of the Central Military Commission and the head of the theater army to show how the new system and the new structure will make advanced equipment more powerful and promote the military reform, then they have participated in the history of the Chinese and Russian armed forces. The largest scale exercise, "Oriental-2018" can be seen as part of the strategic mutual trust between the two armies.
The four-year "Oriental" series of exercises is part of a large-scale military exercise held in various strategic directions by the Russian military during the Soviet Union. For example, between “Oriental-2014” and “Oriental-2018”, there are three consecutive “Central-2015”, “Caucasus-2016” and “West-2017” strategic exercise exercises.
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Western-2017 Russian troops participating in the army. In this kind of exercise with a very short time, the Russian military attaches great importance to the rapid response of each unit.
The Russian army has a tradition, that is, there are big things that are absolutely not stunned. If you say it early, you will say it early. So last year, "Western-2017" ended a few months, and the news of preparing "Oriental-2018" was released. Since 2018, the Russian Ministry of Defense has given a picture of a group of generals meeting each time, and the theme of this meeting is Syria, international military competition, or any new things in the trial. That basically has to mention two mouths: How is the "Oriental-2018" ready?
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"Hey, you know that you are not ready yet."
In the first two days, Shao Yigu also said that "Oriental-2018" is the largest armed force operation of the Soviet/Russian army since the "Western-81" exercise. Then the Central Military Region, the Eastern Military Region, the Airborne Force, and the Northern Fleet. (There are a few ships in the Pacific Fleet that are too Fira) and the Air Force’s elite soldiers, almost 100,000 people pulled out to do such a game, it is worthy of the old Haikou.
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Participate in the "Peace Mission-2018" of our army. Although the size of the troops that our army is about to participate in "Oriental-2018" is certainly not as good as that of the Russian army, it is still the same sentence. This is a test exercise. It is not for us to let the 3,200 people fight against 100,000 Russian troops.
As an "offensive-first" army, the concept and experience of the Soviet-Russian arms and arms joint operations have always been the object of our military's learning. Even if our army used a lot of experience from the US military in this military reform, it was able to see some shadows of the Russian army in some operations. Therefore, for the first time, our army participated in the high-level exercises of the Russian military. It should first be regarded as a manifestation of the exchange of Sino-Russian military forces. It is the same as last year’s Sino-Russian joint anti-missile command exercise. "Guests", we naturally have the opportunity to "get what we need."
However, due to the fact that the Army’s plays are still very heavy in this exercise, it is also a good opportunity for our military to demonstrate the Army’s synthetic forces and the new combat strengths. If the Russian military is striving for "big and complete" in the exercise, even if the troops we send are relatively small, it is called "small but complete."
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With many advanced equipments that have won gold in foreign competitions, the confidence to go abroad is also very good.
Also note that although the Chinese joint campaign command is sent from the northern theater, since the Russian military's eastern military region is the boss this time, it has not said that other war zones will not be allowed to come; and then refer to our own experience, this will not make The selection of troops participating in our army is also limited to a glimpse of the northern theater. So how many elite soldiers will be dispatched in the end, and as the date of the exercise approaches, it is estimated that it will soon be seen.
According to reports, the "Oriental-2018" strategic exercise will be held in the post-Russian Baikal Territory from September 11th to 15th, in a specific strategic direction, a complete battle between regular troops. The Russian Defense Ministry revealed that the exercises will be divided into mobile defense, firepower, and counterattack. The biggest highlight of this will be the intensive strike of launching a cruise missile cluster under conditions of near actual combat.
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Rocket Army: This word is familiar!
In summer, there is more rain and the rain stops too fast;
Take an umbrella, take up your hand, helpless;
If you have an umbrella, there are many functions, you can turn on the light, you can also pick up a foreign object, isn’t it beautiful? (Author's signature: Yankee Frame Station)


中俄十万兵力演习史无前例 将发起巡航导弹集群打击

中俄十万兵力演习史无前例 将发起巡航导弹集群打击



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根据中俄双方达成的共识,中国军队将于8月中下旬至9月中旬赴俄罗斯参加俄军“东方-2018”战略演习,9月11日至15日,双方在俄后贝加尔边疆区楚戈尔训练场共同组织联合战役行动演练。
中俄两军战略指挥机构将共同组建导演部,联合战役指挥机构分别由中国人民解放军北部战区、俄联邦武装力量东部军区派出。中方参演兵力约3200人,各型武器装备900多台,固定翼飞机和直升机30架,主要演练机动防御、火力打击、转入反攻等科目。
此次演习旨在巩固发展中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系,深化两军务实友好合作,进一步增强两军共同应对各种安全威胁的能力,有利于维护地区和平与安全。演习不针对第三方。
看到报道的最后一句话,估计不少人会暗自发笑,中俄两军这么大张旗鼓的一起搞事儿,这“第三方”不觉得自己被针对都难吧?
的确,相比近几次出国演习最多千把人的规模,我军此次3200人+900多台装备的参演规模,确实堪称史无前例;即使放在历次“和平使命”系列演习中,这一数字,也仅次于在我国境内组织的“和平使命-2005”和“和平使命-2014”两场大演习了。



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以前都说“万人千车”,现在也就是万人的三成,车都快破千了
不过一听这个名字,我倒是想到了在去年沙场大阅兵之前,由有着“草原狼”之称的81集团军某合成旅,与中部战区陆军某数字化师两支“明星部队”领衔,空军、火箭军、战略支援部队广泛参与,充分展示了我军新时代新气象的,那场代号为“东方-17XX”的检验性演习。
一提到演习,很多人第一反应一般都是“谁赢了”(我就不说)?其实对于检验性演习来说,演习的一大目的,还真就和一些人印象中我军以前的演习差不多——给领导看的。这时候啊,就要辩证的掰扯掰扯,“给领导看”这几个字儿里面的道理了。
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这个火力啊,就是得豪迈
如果说“东方-17XX”是向军委首长和战区军兵种首长展示新体制、新结构如何让先进装备如虎添翼,并推动军改深入进行的一次汇报演习;那么作为中俄两军历史上共同参与过的最大规模演习,“东方-2018”完全可以看做中俄两国两军战略互信的一部分。
四年一次的“东方”系列演习,是俄军陆续重启苏联时期在各个战略方向举行的大规模军事演习的一部分。比如在“东方-2014”和“东方-2018”之间,就有连续三年的“中央-2015”、“高加索-2016”和“西方-2017”三大首长司令部战略演习。
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西方-2017中的俄军参演部队。在这类进行时间十分短促的演习中,俄军十分重视各部队的快速响应拉动能力
俄军有个传统,那就是有啥大事儿绝对不捂着,能早说就早说。所以去年“西方-2017”结束没几个月,准备“东方-2018”的消息就放出来了。自打2018年开始,俄国防部每次放点绍伊古大将领着一帮将军开会的画面的时候,甭管这次会议主题是叙利亚、还是国际军事竞赛、或是列装试验了什么新玩意儿,那基本都得提两嘴:“东方-2018”准备如何了?
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“瞅你们那样就知道还没准备好”
前两天绍伊古也说了,“东方-2018”是自“西方-81”大演习以来,苏/俄军队最大规模的武装力量行动”。那么把中部军区、东部军区、空降兵、北方舰队(用太平洋舰队那几条船就太费拉了)以及空天军的精兵强将,差不多10万来号人拉出来搞这么一场,也算对得起老绍夸下的海口。
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参加“和平使命-2018”的我军部队。我军即将参加“东方-2018”的部队规模虽然肯定不如俄军多,但还是那句话,这是一次检验性演习,不是让咱们这3200人去跟10万俄军打对抗的
作为一支“进攻至上”的军队,苏/俄诸军兵种联合作战的理念与经验,一直是我军学习的对象。即使我军此次军改中大量借鉴了美军的经验,在部分操作中扔能看到俄军的一些影子。因此我军首次参加俄军的高规格演习,更应该首先被视为中俄两军交流更上一个层次的体现,就跟去年的中俄联合反导司令部演习一样,成为更高级别“座上宾”的我们,自然有机会“各取所需”。
但由于这场演习中,陆军的戏份仍然很重,所以对于我军来说,这同样是展示全面换装国产信息化作战装备的陆军合成部队、以及新型作战力量风采的一个好机会。如果说俄军在演习中力求的是“大而全”,我们派出的部队即使相对规模小,那也称得上“小而全”。
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有了多次在国外比赛中摘金夺银的先进装备做后盾,出国展示的信心那也是很足的
另外注意,虽然中方联合战役指挥机构是由北部战区派出,但既然人家俄军东部军区这回当老大,也没说不让别的战区部队过来;再参考咱们自己的经验,这并不会使得我军参演的部队选拔范围也被限制于北部战区一隅。所以到底会派出多少精兵强将,随着演习日期的临近,估计很快就要见分晓了。
据报道,“东方-2018”战略演习将于9月11日至15日在俄后贝加尔边疆区举行,演练特定战略方向上,一场正规军之间进行的完整战役。俄国防部透露,演习将分为机动防御、火力打击、转入反攻等阶段。其中最大亮点将是在近似实战的条件下,发起巡航导弹集群的密集打击。
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火箭军:这词儿耳熟啊!
夏天,雨多,雨停也快;
拿伞,占手,无可奈何;
如果有把伞,还有多种功能,能亮灯,还能砸个异物,岂不美哉?(作者署名:扬基帧察站)
 
Only enemy PLA will fight will be their own people.


PLA wiped millions of Chow Ang Moh during decades of Korean & Vietnam War.

Wiped hundreds of thousands of Viet Cong during Sino Vietname Wars.

Conflict with USSR killed dozens of Stalin's troops.

War with ABNN Nehru Wiped out Thousands Ah Neh, captured POW of complete Brigade surrendered. Brigade commanders killed and captured.





But these carnage are too tiny compared to the 5000 years history of Wars.

I hope PLA wipe out the world's excessive population cull from billions down to million. Own folks also need to kill especially those pro-Ang-Moh pro-Japan type traitors. Those separatist like in Taiwan. Must not have mercy. Torture and kill.

All POWs beheaded at Tian An Men.

This will save the world from it's stupid Total Extinction Suicide.
 
wipe off all the snakes and 60% problem solved.
 
wtf? prc still dreaming about fielding a antiquated qin army?
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vasties.jpg
 
wtf? prc still dreaming about fielding a antiquated qin army?
PB_E.jpg

vasties.jpg


The spirits of Combat & Carnage is the same throughout time.

Only thing changed is weapons, communication, and surveillance.

Missiles replaced Arrows:


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http://slide.mil.news.sina.com.cn/l/slide_8_62085_66678.html#p=1


汉家兵马乘北风:中俄举行冷战后最大规模军演背后有何玄机

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2018.08.22 20:23:53

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中国国防部8月20日表示,根据中俄双方达成的共识,中国军队将于8月中下旬至9月中旬赴俄罗斯参加俄军“东方-2018”战略演习。9月11日至15日双方将在俄罗斯后贝加尔边疆区楚戈尔训练场共同组织联合战役行动演练。俄罗斯军事记者吐槽国内某些说法“解放军抵俄武器,令俄罗斯羡慕”。本期《出鞘》我们不妨简述一下中俄陆军机械化部队主力装备情况到底如何。(查看完整内容搜索微信公众号:sinamilnews)





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俄罗斯防长绍伊古8月21日表示此次“东方-2018”演习号称苏军及俄军历史上继“西方-81”军演之后规模最大的军事演习。而本次中国参加俄罗斯主办的“东方”系列演习可以说对中俄两国都有一定的积极意义,据俄罗斯媒体报道,本次演习俄罗斯方面称共将出动约25万人参演,此外中国解放军、蒙古军队也将派兵参加这次演习。与目前国际上流行的反恐演习不同,俄罗斯“东方”、“西方”系列演习的背景是在一个方向上进行一场大规模的,正规军对正规军的战役演习。此番俄罗斯邀请中国参加俄罗斯历史上最大的演习,背后不单单是“参演”这么简单。


汉家兵马乘北风:中俄举行冷战后最大规模军演背后有何玄机

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2018.08.22 20:23:53



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根据公开的报道,中国将派出一支兵力约3200人,拥有900台主战武器和各型装备以及30架固定翼飞机和直升机组成的部队。从兵力上来看,这应该是一支“外挂”了部分集团军级支援兵力的标准型机械化步兵合成旅。俄罗斯随队记者已经抓拍了不少中国参演合成旅的照片,从中我们可以看到这支部队的主战装备是96A坦克、04A步战车、122自行榴弹炮、120自行迫榴炮、85装甲输送车等。其支援装备包括了以96式坦克为基础改装的工程车辆和04式步战车底盘为基础改装的野战医疗车。虽然这些装备在我军已经并非最新、最好的装备,但派出功能健全的,成建制的部队远赴他国参加演习,也体现出了中国对这次演习的重视。






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目前,无论是俄罗斯官方,俄罗斯媒体还是中国方面,都没有就演习的具体内容做过系统解释。这里我们只能通过俄罗斯媒体放出的参演部队示意图稍作研判。本次俄罗斯方面的参演兵力来自俄罗斯中部和东部军区,其驻防地点覆盖了俄罗斯东部的绝大部分地区。而在“俄罗斯东部地区遭到入侵”的时候,这些部队必须快速响应集结,这也是本次演习的重要目的之一。用我们的话说就是锻炼部队“召之即来,来之能战,战之能胜”的能力。



The Han family's horses and horses take the north wind: What is the secret behind the largest military exercise after the Cold War in China and Russia?


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The Chinese Ministry of National Defense said on August 20 that according to the consensus reached between China and Russia, the Chinese military will go to Russia to participate in the Russian military "Oriental-2018" strategic exercise from mid-August to mid-September. From September 11th to 15th, the two sides will jointly organize joint campaign operations in the post-Baikal Territory of Russia. Russian military reporters spit out some domestic sayings that "the PLA has arrived in Russia and has envied Russia." In this issue of "Sheathing", we may wish to briefly describe the situation of the main equipment of the Chinese and Russian Army Mechanized Forces. (View full content search WeChat public number: sinamilnews)









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Russian Defense Minister Shoygu said on August 21 that the "Oriental-2018" exercise called the largest military exercise in the history of the Soviet Army and the Russian military following the "Western-81" military exercise. The "Oriental" series of exercises that China has participated in in Russia can be said to have certain positive significance for China and Russia. According to Russian media reports, the Russian side said that it will dispatch about 250,000 people to participate in the exercise. In addition, the Chinese People's Liberation Army The Mongolian army will also send troops to participate in the exercise. Different from the current international anti-terrorism exercises, the background of Russia's "Oriental" and "Western" series of exercises is to conduct a large-scale, regular military campaign against the regular army in one direction. This time Russia invited China to participate in the largest exercise in Russian history, and it is not just "playing".



The Han family's horses and horses take the north wind: What is the secret behind the largest military exercise after the Cold War in China and Russia?


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According to public reports, China will send a force of about 3,200 troops, with 900 main weapons and various types of equipment and 30 fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. From the point of view of strength, this should be a standard mechanized infantry synthesizing brigade that “plugs in” some of the group's military-level support forces. Russian team reporters have taken photos of many Chinese participating synthetic brigades. From this we can see that the main battle equipment of this unit is 96A tank, 04A step chariot, 122 self-propelled howitzer, 120 self-propelled howitzer, 85 armor. Conveyor cars, etc. The support equipment includes a field-based engineering vehicle modified with a 96-type tank and a field-based medical vehicle modified based on the 04-type chariot chassis. Although these equipments are not the latest and best equipment in our army, the dispatch of well-functioning and well-established troops to other countries to participate in the exercise also reflects China’s emphasis on this exercise.









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At present, neither the Russian official, the Russian media nor the Chinese side have systematically explained the specific content of the exercise. Here we can only make a little judgment through the schematic diagram of the participating troops released by the Russian media. This Russian military participation comes from the central and eastern military regions of Russia, and its garrison sites cover most of eastern Russia. When "the eastern part of Russia was invaded", these troops must respond quickly to the assembly, which is one of the important purposes of this exercise. In our words, it is the ability of the training unit to "call it, come to fight, and win."
 
http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-08-22/doc-ihhzsnea6604017.shtml

中国参加俄最大规模军演 俄媒:感谢美国的“侵略”

中国参加俄最大规模军演 俄媒:感谢美国的“侵略”



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原标题:解放军将参加俄最大规模军演 俄媒:美“侵略行动”推动中俄靠拢
参考消息网8月22日报道 外媒称,中国军队将赴俄罗斯参加俄军“东方-2018”战略演习并将与俄方共同组织联合演习。
据俄罗斯卫星通讯社8月20日报道,据中国国防部20日消息,中国军队将于8月中下旬至9月中旬赴俄参加俄军“东方-2018”战略演习,9月11日至15日双方在俄后贝加尔边疆区楚戈尔训练场共同组织联合战役行动演练。
报道称,中俄战略指挥机构将共同组建导演部,联合战役指挥机构分别由中国人民解放军北部战区、俄联邦武装力量东部军区派出。中方参演兵力约3200人,各型武器装备900多台,固定翼飞机和直升机30架,主要演练机动防御、火力打击、转入反攻等课目。
另据“今日俄罗斯”电视台网站8月20日报道,俄罗斯正准备举行数十年来最大规模的军演。俄国防部长谢尔盖·绍伊古说,此次演习的规模“空前”。
他说,这次演习将超越苏联历史上规模最大的训练演习——1981年在白俄罗斯、乌克兰、波罗的海三国以及一些华约国家领土上举行的演习。
报道称,将会参加此次演习的军人总数尚未对外公布。不过,中国已证实将派出3000多名军人。此外,中国国防部表示,还会向俄罗斯部署900多件武器装备以及30架战机与直升机参与演习。
报道称,即将举行的这次演习显然是要超越俄罗斯去年举行的让西方极度紧张的“西方-2017”演习的规模。那次演习涉及约1.27万名军人、70架军机、10艘军舰和大约680辆地面车辆。
此外据英国《泰晤士报》网站8月20日报道,俄罗斯国防部长谢尔盖·绍伊古说,在俄罗斯即将举行近40年来最大规模的军事演习之际,俄武装部队一直处于高度戒备状态。
绍伊古说,陆海空三军将参加2018年在西伯利亚及俄罗斯东部地区举行的“东方-2018”军事演习。他说,中国和蒙古国的军队也将参加此次演习,演习将于本月晚些时候开始,持续到9月。
报道称,俄罗斯总统普京已下令俄武装部队在该国东部地区先期举行为期5天的演习,作为“东方-2018”演习的筹备工作之一。克里姆林宫发言人德米特里·佩斯科夫说,普京可能亲自参加“东方-2018”演习。
中国国防部说,此次演习旨在巩固发展中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系,深化两军务实友好合作,进一步增强两军共同应对各种安全威胁的能力。
报道指出,在与西方的紧张关系日益加剧之际,中国和俄罗斯加大了军事合作的力度。
此外,“今日俄罗斯”电视台网站8月21日刊登题为《“关系进化”:中国为何决定参加俄罗斯最大规模军演》的文章称,俄罗斯国防部长绍伊古和中国国防部20日宣布,中国和蒙古国军队将参加今年8月至9月举行的“东方-2018”战略演习。这场演习是苏联“西方-81”演习之后举行的最大规模演习。分析人士指出,美国的侵略政策只会推动中俄两国向彼此靠拢。
文章称,中国军队长期参加上海合作组织主导的联合演习。上合组织“和平使命-2018”联合反恐演习将于8月22日至29日在车里雅宾斯克州进行。参演中国军人共约700人。
文章称,莫斯科和北京长期以来一直进行联合演习。两国海军舰艇2016年在南海进行了“海上联合”军演,2017年的“海上联合”军演在波罗的海进行。此外,两国去年12月进行了为期6天的联合反导计算机演习。
文章指出,中国人民解放军即将首次参加俄罗斯旨在抵御外部侵略的大规模战略演习。
俄中分析中心主任谢尔盖·萨纳科耶夫认为,俄中已是事实上的军事盟友。“我们两国的关系正在发生进化,最初(两国关系的定性)是‘伙伴关系’,然后是‘战略伙伴关系’,再后来是‘全面伙伴关系’。”
军事专家亚历山大·米哈伊洛夫说,中俄在“东方-2018”演习中深化军事合作“既是普京的地缘政治胜利,也是中国迈出的非常正确的一步”。
China participates in Russia's largest military exercise in Russian media: thanks to the US "aggression"
Reference message on August 22, 2018, 07:41


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Original title: The People's Liberation Army will participate in Russia's largest military exercise. Russian media: US "aggression action" pushes China and Russia closer
The reference news network reported on August 22 that foreign media said that the Chinese military will go to Russia to participate in the Russian military "Oriental-2018" strategic exercise and will jointly organize joint exercises with Russia.
According to a report by the Russian Satellite News Agency on August 20, according to the Chinese Ministry of National Defense on the 20th, the Chinese military will go to Russia to participate in the Russian "Oriental-2018" strategic exercise from mid-August to mid-September, September 11-15. The two sides jointly organized a joint campaign action drill at the Zorgol training ground in the post-Pekal Territory of Russia.
According to the report, the China-Russia strategic command organization will jointly set up the director department, and the joint campaign command organization will be dispatched by the northern theater of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the eastern armed forces of the Russian Federation. The Chinese side has a military strength of about 3,200 troops, more than 900 types of weapons and equipment, and 30 fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. It mainly exercises maneuver defense, firepower strikes, and counterattacks.
According to the "Russia Today" TV station website reported on August 20, Russia is preparing to hold the largest military exercise in decades. Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoygu said that the scale of the exercise was "unprecedented."
He said that the exercise will surpass the largest training exercise in the history of the Soviet Union - an exercise held in 1981 in Belarus, Ukraine, the Baltic States and some of the territory of the Warsaw Pact.
The report said that the total number of soldiers who will participate in the exercise has not been announced. However, China has confirmed that it will send more than 3,000 soldiers. In addition, the Chinese Ministry of National Defense stated that it will deploy more than 900 weapons and equipment and 30 fighters and helicopters to Russia.
The report said that the upcoming exercise is obviously going beyond the scale of the "Western-2017" exercise held by Russia last year to make the West extremely nervous. The exercise involved approximately 12,700 military personnel, 70 military aircraft, 10 warships and approximately 680 ground vehicles.
In addition, according to the British "Times" website reported on August 20, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoygu said that the Russian armed forces have been on high alert in the upcoming Russian military exercise of the largest scale in the past 40 years.
Shao Yigu said that the army, navy and air force will participate in the "Oriental-2018" military exercise held in Siberia and eastern Russia in 2018. He said that the Chinese and Mongolian military will also participate in the exercise, which will begin later this month and last until September.
According to reports, Russian President Vladimir Putin has ordered the Russian armed forces to hold a five-day exercise in the eastern part of the country as one of the preparations for the "Oriental-2018" exercise. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said that Putin may personally participate in the "Oriental-2018" exercise.
The Chinese Ministry of National Defense said that the exercise aimed to consolidate the development of China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation, deepen the pragmatic and friendly cooperation between the two militaries, and further enhance the ability of the two militaries to jointly respond to various security threats.
The report pointed out that China and Russia have increased their military cooperation as tensions with the West have intensified.
In addition, the "Russia Today" TV station website published an article entitled "Relationship Evolution": Why China decided to Participate in Russia's Largest Military Exercise on August 21, Russian Defense Minister Shoygu and China's Ministry of National Defense announced on the 20th that China and The Mongolian army will participate in the "Oriental-2018" strategic exercise held from August to September this year. The exercise was the largest exercise held after the Soviet "Western-81" exercise. Analysts pointed out that the US aggression policy will only push China and Russia closer together.
The article stated that the Chinese military has long participated in joint exercises led by the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The SCO "Peace Mission-2018" joint anti-terrorism exercise will be held in Chelyabinsk region from August 22nd to 29th. A total of 700 Chinese soldiers were involved.
The article said that Moscow and Beijing have been conducting joint exercises for a long time. The naval vessels of the two countries conducted a "sea joint" military exercise in the South China Sea in 2016, and the "sea joint" military exercise in 2017 was carried out in the Baltic Sea. In addition, the two countries conducted a six-day joint anti-missile computer exercise in December last year.
The article pointed out that the Chinese People's Liberation Army will soon participate in Russia's large-scale strategic exercise aimed at resisting external aggression.
Sergei Sanakyev, director of the Russia-China Analysis Center, believes that Russia and China are de facto military allies. "The relationship between our two countries is evolving. Initially (the nature of the relationship between the two countries) is a 'partnership', then a 'strategic partnership', and then a 'comprehensive partnership'."
Military expert Alexander Mikhailov said that Sino-Russian deepening military cooperation in the "Oriental-2018" exercise "is both a political victory for Putin and a very correct step for China."
 


Largest Military Exercise since End of Cold War. Japs shitless!


Cannibalizing USA is the main course, Japs is only a side dish!

http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-08-22/doc-ihhzsnea9604372.shtml

日本恐慌中俄将进行史无前例大军演:最糟糕的情况

日本恐慌中俄将进行史无前例大军演:最糟糕的情况



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“东方-2018”演习规格之高,本身就足以成为一个不同寻常的战略信号:中俄两军在演练并肩作战,那么谁是他们的目标?
中国国防部表示,本次演习不针对第三方,从位置来看确实如此:“东方-2018”的演兵场在俄罗斯临近中蒙两国的外贝加尔边疆区,位于大陆腹地,周边除了参与演习的中国和蒙古(不能把他忘了)之外没有其他“友邦”。
以此论之,正因为政治环境宽松,绍伊古才可以大喇喇地宣称这是“西方81以来规模最大的演习”。演习场远离北约国家和美国盟国的各种监听设备,本次演习在技术上可以最大限度地保密,这也有利于充分营造实战环境,检验部队战备水平。然而以“东方-2018”演习规格之高,本身就足以成为一个不同寻常的战略信号:中俄两军在演练并肩作战,那么谁是他们的目标?
直线距离最近的日本第一个哆嗦起来了:中国参加“东方-2018”的消息一出,日本网民就在社交媒体上称之为“最糟糕的情况”,他的脑袋里大概回荡着“攀登纳罗达峰”的口令,没准还浮现出《明斯克号出击》的情节。
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几十年过去,陆上自卫队的战斗力很难说是提高了还是下降了……
刨去岛国民众的杞人忧天,中俄联合演习对于东亚局势来说确实意义重大:在朝鲜核问题得到极大缓和,但特朗普对朝政策依然阴晴不定的当下,中俄军事合作的强烈信号,无疑是为东亚局势画下了一条红线,足可以抑制某些国家和某些领导人的军事冒险企图。
然而,俄罗斯毕竟又是个欧洲国家,“东方-2018”毕竟是中国军队在一个欧洲国家进行了联合军事演习。本次军演对于欧洲形势的也可谓意味深长。
当下俄罗斯与北约国家的军事对峙态势十分紧张,去年“只有”1.27万人参演的“西方-2017”照样引来了“友邦惊诧”。乌克兰政府一度声称,俄罗斯打算以军演为契机集结兵力,发起一场“洲际侵略”。
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“西方-2017”演习中的俄军装甲部队
为此俄罗斯常驻北约代表格鲁什科愤慨地表示:“我们指出,不少无端影射正围绕‘西方-2017’军演肆意散播,却没人注意到北约武器军备正在东侧地区集中。仅就军事活动而言,北约将在7月至11月间举行相互补充的15场军演,举行的地域与俄罗斯的军演相同。”
格鲁什科所指的“15场军演”包括从7月的“军刀卫士”到11月的“三叉戟标枪”的一系列北约军演。这些演习的范围从斯堪的纳维亚半岛一直延伸到黑海沿岸的保加利亚、匈牙利和罗马尼亚,简直从南到北横跨整个西欧。其中“军刀卫士”由美国领衔加上23个北约盟国,共2.5万兵力,美军出动了第三装甲旅战斗队、第四步兵师、第二骑兵团,还有多架B-1B轰炸机。
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“军刀卫士”演习中的希腊装甲部队
乌克兰之所以敢于指责俄军演习是要“洲际侵略”,恐怕是因为吃准了俄军不敢真侵略:要比军事演习的规模,北约方面更大,兵力上是俄罗斯更多,但北约国家有美国提供的信息化和空中优势,以及随之而来的心理优势。
在这样的情况下,中国军队无疑可以给欧洲军事对峙的天平上投下一颗重量级的和平砝码。适当考虑中国的军事存在有助于欧洲各方保持头脑的冷静,减少不必要的挑衅和冲突,化解紧张局势——这话对于欧洲以外的有关国家来说,也同样适用。【文/红色枪骑兵】

Japan panic, China and Russia will carry out unprecedented military exercises: the worst situation
August 22, 2018, 14:16 Observer Network


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The high specification of the "Oriental-2018" exercise itself is enough to become an unusual strategic signal: the Chinese and Russian armed forces are fighting side by side, so who is their goal?
The Chinese Ministry of National Defense said that this exercise is not aimed at third parties. From the point of view, it is true: the "Oriental-2018" military field is located in the outer Baikal border region of China and Mongolia in Russia, in the hinterland of the mainland, in addition to participating in the exercise. There are no other "friends" outside of China and Mongolia (cannot forget him).
In this argument, it is precisely because of the loose political environment that Shao Yigu can claim that this is "the largest exercise since the West 81". The exercise field is far away from the various monitoring equipment of NATO countries and the United States allies. This exercise can be technically kept to the maximum extent possible, which is also conducive to fully creating a practical environment and testing the level of combat readiness. However, the high standard of the "Oriental-2018" exercise itself is enough to become an unusual strategic signal: the Chinese and Russian armed forces are fighting side by side, so who is their goal?
The first straight line in Japan was picked up: China’s participation in the “Oriental-2018” news, Japanese netizens called it “the worst situation” on social media , and his head probably echoed “climbing” The password of Naroda Peak may have emerged from the plot of "Minsk Attack".
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In the past few decades, it has been difficult to say whether the combat effectiveness of the Ground Self-Defense Force has increased or decreased...
The Sino-Russian joint exercise is indeed of great significance to the situation in East Asia: the North Korean nuclear issue has been greatly eased, but Trump’s policy toward the DPRK is still cloudy, and the strong signal of Sino-Russian military cooperation. It is undoubtedly a red line for the situation in East Asia, which can restrain the military adventures of certain countries and certain leaders.
However, after all, Russia is a European country. After all, the "Oriental-2018" is a joint military exercise conducted by the Chinese army in a European country. This military exercise is also meaningful for the European situation.
At present, the military confrontation between Russia and NATO countries is very tense. Last year, only "Western-2017", which participated in the "12,700,000 people", attracted "AIA shock." The Ukrainian government once claimed that Russia intends to use military exercises as an opportunity to gather troops and launch an "intercontinental aggression."
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Russian armored forces in the "West-2017" exercise
To this end, Russia’s permanent NATO representative Grushko said indignantly: "We pointed out that many unprovoked innuendos are spreading around the 'West-2017' military exercise, but no one noticed that NATO weapons armaments are concentrated in the east side. As far as military activities are concerned, NATO will hold 15 complementary military exercises from July to November, which will be held in the same geographical area as Russian military exercises."
Glashko’s “15 military exercises” include a series of NATO military exercises from the “Sword Guard” in July to the “Trident Javelin” in November. These exercises ranged from Scandinavia to Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania on the Black Sea coast, spanning the entire Western Europe from south to north. Among them, the "Sword Guardian" was led by the United States plus 23 NATO allies, a total of 25,000 troops. The US military dispatched the Third Armored Brigade Combat Team, the Fourth Infantry Division, the Second Cavalry Regiment, and several B-1B bombers.
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Greek armored forces in the "Saber Guardian" exercise
The reason why Ukraine dares to accuse the Russian military exercise is to "intercontinental aggression", I am afraid that it is because the Russian army does not dare to invade: it is bigger than the size of the military exercise, the NATO side is more, the force is more Russia, but the NATO country There are informatization and air superiority provided by the United States, and the psychological advantage that comes with it.
Under such circumstances, the Chinese military can undoubtedly cast a heavyweight peace weight on the balance of European military confrontation. Appropriate consideration of China’s military presence will help European parties to maintain their heads calm, reduce unnecessary provocations and conflicts, and resolve tensions – the same applies to countries outside Europe. [Text / Red Lancer]
 
http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-08-22/doc-ihhzsnea9537748.shtml

中俄大军演我军究竟会有多少戏份 3200人也能成主角

中俄大军演我军究竟会有多少戏份 3200人也能成主角



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[文/红色枪骑兵]中国要出兵参与俄罗斯“史无前例”的大规模战略军事演习“东方-2018”——8月20日中国国防部一则简短的消息震撼了在涉华消息上一贯迟钝的国际军事媒体。无论是俄军的演习规模,还是解放军的出境参演兵力,都可算是 “史无前例”。在东亚安全局势整体缓和的当下,中俄如此大规模的联合军事演习,目的显然不仅仅是针对“恐怖分子”那么简单。
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“史上最大”中俄军演
俄罗斯为检验四大战略方向的战备水平和战役预案,每年都会轮流举行代号为“东方”、“西方”、“高加索”“中央”的首长司令部战略演习。本次“东方-2018”演习中,中俄两军将于9月11日至15日在俄后贝加尔边疆区共同组织的联合战役行动演练,包括机动防御、火力打击、转入反攻等科目。尽管具体的演习规模尚未透露,但俄军国防部长绍伊古早已公开表示,本次演习“史无前例”,将是名垂青史的“西方-81”演习后规模最大的演习。按照传统,普京总统将会到场观摩演习。
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“西方-81”军演盛况
中国军队参加本次演习的规模也可算“史无前例”:中国军队将派出3200人参演部队、900多台各型武器装备、30架固定翼飞机与直升机与来自东部军区、中央军区、海军北方舰队和空天军的俄军参演部队并肩作战。超过“和平使命-2007”演习时1600人的记录,成为中国陆军和平时期最大规模的一次海外派兵行动。
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与之相比,同样在俄罗斯举行的“和平使命-2018”中国军队的出动规模就小的多了
不过比起“东方-2018”演习的总兵力,中国军队可能还只是一小部分:上一届“东方-2014”涉及人数高达15万,而“东方-2018”动员人数只会更多。
不仅是参与规模巨大,中方在演习中扮演的角色也至关重要:中俄两军战略指挥机构将共同组建导演部,解放军北部战区和俄军东部军区组建联合战役指挥机构分别由派出。解放军将从战略背景想定与导调,战役指挥和实兵演练三个层面深入参与俄军战略演习。这无疑标志着中俄两国的军事互信和军事合作水平都达到了新高度。
俄军战略演习不是打天上掉下来的“恐怖分子”,而是要针对实际战略形势进行想定。此前只有集体安全条约组织成员国(哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、白俄罗斯和亚美尼亚)参加过俄军战略演习。因为他们在俄军战略构想中是“自己人”,如今中国军队参加了“东方-2018”,看来中国军队在俄军战略构想中也成为“自己人”了。
解放军并非配角
按照解放军的编制,3200人左右的部队,大约相当于一支合成旅级部队的水平,也很有可能是解放军首次派出旅级单位参加国际军事演习。
在十几万甚至可能20万的参演俄军面前,中国军队会不会成为负责“敲边鼓”的“配角”呢?其实并非如此。
单看官方数字,俄罗斯近年战略军演规模的起伏实在有点“诡异”。“中央-2015”号称动员了9.5万大军,而在欧洲的黑海、里海沿岸地区举行的“高加索-2016”就“只有”1.25万人参演,在俄罗斯西部、白俄罗斯和加里宁格勒州举行“西方-2017”也“只有”1.27万人(而且其中还有7000人是白俄罗斯军队)。到了“东方-2018”,又号称“西方81以后最大”。
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“西方-17”演习中的装甲部队“蹲坑”防御
然而这种起伏不断的数字或许只是统计口径不同:“涉及演习”的人数可能很多,但真正参与主要演习科目的部队可能并不多,要是只算作战兵力而不计保障单位的话就更少。
俄罗斯作为欧洲安全与合作组织(OSCE)的成员,有义务在进行兵力多于1.3万人的军事演习时邀请欧安组织成员国的观察员观摩。有西方媒体认为,俄罗斯是为了不邀请北约国家观察员才故意压低了“西方”和“高加索”演习的人数。
有北约专家估计:涉及“西方-2017”演习的一连串演练、训练和机动可能涉及达8万兵力,这个数字就与它的战略地位很相称,而且跟历年的战略演习规模近似了。
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“西方-2017”演习中铺着伪装的俄军装甲部队
若只算核心科目,“东方-2018”的主要参演部队很可能也只有一两万,3200人的中国军队一样可以成为“主角”,占据相当重要的“戏份”。
比如说“西方-81”因为检验了苏军摩步师的行进间快速展开战斗队形的纵深突破能力而名垂青史,如果“东方-18”能够检验中国信息化合成旅和俄罗斯摩步旅/坦克旅的联合作战能力,则足以与之争辉。
各取所长,各补所短
对于中俄两军转型不久的陆军旅级部队来说,“东方-2018”实在是个绝妙的契机。
“西方-81”演习是苏/俄陆军“师改旅”的肇始:编制科学合理,技术兵器先进完备的苏联摩托化步兵师表现出意外的迟缓和笨重,无法完成“一周打到安特卫普”的构想。然而这一改革经历了解体前后的混乱和具体执行上的摇摆,直到近两年才算初现成效。
相比之下,解放军的“合成旅”军事改革到现在只用了不到两年时间,可以称得上是大刀阔斧,雷厉风行。
和俄军相比,现在的解放军有所短,也有所长。俄军丰富的机械化战争实践经验和扎实的机械化研究水平,仍然值得解放军借鉴,而解放军多样化和充满创意的信息化装备则对俄军很有价值。
俄军机械化作战理论特别强调连续的纵深突破:机械化纵队向敌人纵深高速运动,遇到空地敌情就在行进间展开作战队形,战斗结束又要求立即收拢队形继续机动,可以说是“边打边冲,冲了就打,打完了再冲”。
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俄军机械化部队“七大件”,他们组成了完备的机械化装备体系,保证了整支部队可以“边打边冲”
在历次“国际军事比赛”中,中国参赛队往往在专业技术项目表现出不亚于俄军的水平,不过在机动和专业技术结合的程度上还有待提高。
而在战场侦察和监控水平方面,则是解放军较为领先:国内演习中经常利用各种不同型号的无人机,其中某些型号可以引导远程火箭炮进行精确打击,而俄军在大多数情况下只能使用简单的手抛无人机进行短距离战术性侦察。正是由于找不到和俄军水平类似的无人机,中国军队根本没有参加“国际军事比赛2018”的无人机比赛。
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俄军的无人机实在不能跟我军相比
公正说来,中俄两军在机械化和信息化上的不同成就,背后是深厚的历史和现实因素:一国有更深厚工业化历史,而另一方的高新技术在新时代有更大的发展。
在此前的交流中,解放军经常能通过对俄军的近距离观察而获得直观的启发。在“东方-2018”这样有着完整战役企图和作战计划指导的战略演习中,两军各自的优缺点无疑会体现得更加明显,这也让彼此之间更深层次的相互学习成为可能。


How many 3,200 people in the Chinese and Russian military exercises will be the protagonists?
August 22, 2018, 14:07 Observer Network


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[文/红枪骑兵] China wants to send troops to participate in Russia’s “unprecedented” large-scale strategic military exercise “Oriental-2018” – a brief message from the Chinese Ministry of National Defense on August 20 shocked the lack of consistently in China-related news. International military media. Whether it is the size of the Russian military's exercise or the PLA's exit performance, it can be regarded as "unprecedented." At the moment when the security situation in East Asia is generally moderated, the purpose of such a large-scale joint military exercise between China and Russia is obviously not as simple as targeting "terrorists."
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"The biggest in history" Sino-Russian military exercise
In order to test the operational readiness and campaign plans of the four strategic directions, Russia will take turns to hold strategic exercises of the heads of command headquarters, code-named "Oriental", "Western", "Caucasian" and "Central". In this "Oriental-2018" exercise, the Chinese and Russian armed forces will jointly organize joint campaign exercises in the post-Russian Baikal Territory from September 11th to 15th, including mobile defense, firepower, and counterattack. Although the scale of the specific exercise has not yet been revealed, the Russian Defense Minister Shaygu has publicly stated that this exercise will be "the unprecedented" and will be the largest exercise after the "Western-81" exercise. According to tradition, President Putin will be present to observe the exercise.
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"West-81" military performance
The scale of the Chinese military’s participation in this exercise can be considered “unprecedented”: the Chinese military will send 3,200 participating troops, more than 900 various types of weapons and equipment, 30 fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters, and from the Eastern Military Region, the Central Military Region, and the Navy Northern Fleet. Fighting side by side with the Russian troops participating in the Air Force. More than 1,600 records of the "Peace Mission-2007" exercise became the largest overseas dispatch of the Chinese Army during peacetime.
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In contrast, the “Peace Mission-2018”, also held in Russia, is much smaller.
However, compared with the total strength of the "Oriental-2018" exercise, the Chinese military may still be only a small part: the previous "Oriental-2014" involved up to 150,000 people, while the "Oriental-2018" mobilization will only be more.
Not only is the scale of participation large, but the role played by China in the exercise is also crucial: the strategic command institutions of the Chinese and Russian armed forces will jointly form the director department, and the joint operations of the northern theater of the PLA and the eastern military region of the Russian military will be dispatched separately. The PLA will deeply participate in the Russian military strategic exercise from the strategic background and the three levels of the battle command and the actual military drill. This undoubtedly marks the level of military mutual trust and military cooperation between China and Russia has reached new heights.
The Russian military’s strategic exercise is not about “terrorists” falling from the sky, but to think about the actual strategic situation. Previously, only members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Belarus, and Armenia) participated in Russian military strategic exercises. Because they are "owners" in the Russian military's strategic concept, and now the Chinese army has participated in the "Oriental-2018", it seems that the Chinese army has also become "owners" in the Russian military strategic concept.
The PLA is not a supporting role
According to the establishment of the People's Liberation Army, about 3,200 troops are equivalent to the level of a synthetic brigade-level unit. It is also very likely that the PLA sent the brigade-level units for the first time to participate in international military exercises.
In the presence of more than 100,000 and possibly 200,000 Russian troops, will the Chinese army become the "supporting role" responsible for "knocking the drums"? This is not the case.
Looking at the official figures alone, the ups and downs of Russia’s strategic military exercise in recent years is a bit "singular." “Central-2015” claimed to have mobilized 95,000 troops, while the “Caucasus-2016” held in the Black Sea and Caspian Seas in Europe was “only” 12,500 people, held in western Russia, Belarus and Kaliningrad. "West-2017" also "only" 12,700 people (and 7,000 of them are Belarusian troops). To the "Oriental-2018", also known as "the largest after the West 81."
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Armored Forces in the "Western-17" Exercise
However, this undulating number may only be different in statistics: "The number of people involved in the exercise may be many, but there may not be a lot of troops participating in the main exercise subjects. If there is only combat force, it will be less.
As a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Russia is obliged to invite observers from OSCE member states to observe military exercises with more than 13,000 troops. Some Western media believe that Russia is deliberately depressing the number of "Western" and "Caucasian" exercises in order not to invite NATO observers.
Some NATO experts estimate that a series of drills, training and maneuvers involving "Western-2017" exercises may involve up to 80,000 troops. This figure is very commensurate with its strategic position and is similar to the scale of strategic exercises over the years.
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Disguised Russian armored forces in the "West-2017" exercise
If only the core subjects are counted, the main participating troops of "Oriental-2018" are likely to have only one or two thousand, and the 3,200-strong Chinese army can become the "protagonist" and occupy a very important "play".
For example, the "Western-81" is famous for its ability to test the depth of the formation of the Soviet army's Mobility Division. If the "Oriental-18" can test the Chinese informational synthesis brigade and the Russian Mobility brigade/tank The joint combat capability of the brigade is enough to compete with it.
Each takes its own strength and each has its own short
For the Army brigade units that have been transformed by the Chinese and Russian armies, the "Oriental-2018" is a wonderful opportunity.
The "Western-81" exercise was the beginning of the Soviet-Russian Army's "Teacher's Reform Brigade": the Soviet-style motorized infantry division with scientific and reasonable technical weapons and advanced and complete performance showed unexpected delay and cumbersomeness, and could not complete the "A week to Antwerp" Conception. However, this reform experience has experienced the chaos before and after the body and the swing of specific implementation, until the past two years.
In contrast, the PLA’s “synthetic brigade” military reform has only been used for less than two years, and it can be said to be bold and vigorous.
Compared with the Russian army, the PLA is now short and long. The Russian military's rich mechanized war practice experience and solid mechanized research level are still worthy of reference by the PLA, and the PLA's diverse and creative information equipment is of great value to the Russian army.
The Russian military mechanized combat theory places special emphasis on continuous deep breakthroughs: the mechanized column moves to the enemy at a high speed, and encounters the enemy of the open space to start a combat formation in the march. At the end of the battle, it is required to immediately close the formation and continue to maneuver. It can be said that Bound, rushed to hit, hit and rushed again."
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The "seven pieces" of the Russian military mechanized units, they formed a complete mechanized equipment system, ensuring that the entire unit can "bash and rush"
In the previous "international military competitions", Chinese teams often showed the same level of professional and technical projects as the Russian military, but the degree of integration of mobility and professional technology needs to be improved.
In terms of battlefield reconnaissance and monitoring, the PLA is more advanced: domestic exercises often use a variety of different types of drones, some of which can guide long-range rockets for precision strikes, while the Russian military in most cases only Short-range tactical reconnaissance can be performed using a simple hand-dive drone. It is precisely because of the lack of drones similar to the Russian military level that the Chinese army did not participate in the "International Military Competition 2018" drone competition.
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The Russian military’s drones can’t be compared with our army.
To be fair, the different achievements of the Chinese and Russian armed forces in mechanization and informatization are behind profound historical and practical factors: one country has a deeper industrialization history, while the other has a greater development in the new era.
In the previous exchanges, the PLA was often able to gain intuitive inspiration through close observation of the Russian army. In the "Oriental-2018" strategy exercise with complete battle attempt and operational plan guidance, the advantages and disadvantages of the two armies will undoubtedly become more obvious, which also makes it possible to learn from each other deeper.
 
China surpass USA now to be world's strongest spy satellite power, officially with 4 meters diameter spy satellite lens. Every CB hair there is can be seen clearly. No hiding from now.



http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-08-22/doc-ihhzsnea7998928.shtml


中国研世界最大4米直径反射镜头 超美军最强侦察卫星

中国研世界最大4米直径反射镜头 超美军最强侦察卫星



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2018年8月21日,中科院长春光机所研制的4.03米大口径碳化硅反射镜成功通过验收。这也是公开报道的世界上最大口径碳化硅单体反射镜。这一成果标志我国光学系统制造能力跻身国际先进水平,为我国大口径光电装备跨越升级奠定了坚实基础。
口径决定观测极限
自1609年伽利略发明天文望远镜以来,无论是从地面仰望星空,还是从空间俯瞰大地、纵观寰宇,想要使光学系统的观测能力不断提升,都离不开一个关键——口径。
基于几何光学中的瑞利判据可知,在光学望远镜中,能够分辨两个相邻物像的极限分辨角(θ)越小,光学望远镜的分辨率就越高,而极限分辨角是由光的波长(λ)和主反射镜的直径(D)决定的,因此,为了提高光学望远镜的分辨率,对更大口径主反射镜的需求是无止境的。
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从天文观测(深空探测)到空间对地观测,大口径望远镜自诞生以来就不断拓展着人类观测的极限。
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哈勃望远镜(图片来源:www.augspc.com)
著名的哈勃太空望远镜,口径达到了2.4米,最远已经观测到了距离地球134亿光年的宇宙深处,让我们观察到宇宙更加接近诞生之时的状态。
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3.67m AEOS先进光电望远镜
AEOS地基望远镜,口径3.67米,能探测近地轨道上0.1米大小的碎片,成功观测到了哥伦比亚号事故的症结所在,为日后避免惨剧再次发生提供了相关依据。
锁眼12(KH-12)卫星相机,口径超过3米,对地分辨率可达0.1米,这也是目前人类可以获得的、分辨率最高的空间对地遥感数据……
造大口径反射镜 为什么这么难?
现代大口径光学系统均采用反射式结构,其中主镜口径直接决定了系统的分辨能力,同时也是系统中制造难度最大的核心关键;当口径超过一定量级时,会对光学材料和光学加工均带来巨大的挑战。
为了保证望远镜的分辨率和成像质量,光学系统对反射镜的面型精度有着苛刻的要求。对于大口径光学系统而言,这种精度要求不会随着口径的增大而降低。
以可见光波段观测的为例,面型精度要求至少在三十分之一以上波长(λ/30,RMS值优于20nm),4米反射镜放大到北京市大小,进行土地平整,土地平整度要小于1毫米。如此这就好比将高的面形精度,对于反射镜镜坯材料和光学加工技术都提出了苛刻要求。
十余年攻关 造就我国的“大眼睛”
长春光机所是如何满足上述“苛刻的要求”, 制造出大口径反射镜的呢?
镜坯制造
对于反射镜镜坯而言,反射镜材料的比刚度(E/ρ)和热稳定性(λ/α)必须尽可能大,这样随着口径的增大,材料的刚性仍然可以保证面型的稳定,受热环境影响较小,并且有利于减轻系统重量。
国际上常用的反射镜基体材料有石英玻璃、微晶玻璃、碳化硅、金属铍等,其中以碳化硅(SiC)的比刚度和热稳定性最优,因此成为反射镜备选材料的宠儿。
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4M碳化硅反射镜毛坯
经反应烧结后的4m碳化硅反射镜毛坯,是不是离你眼中的“镜子”还比较远?
然而,大口径反射镜镜坯制造和反射镜加工技术一直被美国、法国、德国等少数西方国家掌握,我国始终不具备自主制造4米量级大口径反射镜能力。在此情况下,中科院长春光机所历经10余年攻关,于2016年研制出拥有完全自主知识产权的、世界上最大口径的4.03米碳化硅反射镜坯。
光学加工技术
有了4米量级的碳化硅镜坯,虽然为研制4米口径反射镜奠定了坚实基础,但后面挑战仍十分艰巨:一方面反射镜面积大幅提升、而碳化硅材料本身硬度极高,给加工方法带来新挑战;另一方面由于碳化硅是一种陶瓷材料,在光学粗抛光后表面有细微缺陷、影响反射率等光学性能,需要通过后续工艺改进表面特性。
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采用磁流变抛光加工4米反射镜
为突破4米大口径加工,长春光机所运用计算机控制光学表面成形(CCOS)技术,通过采用“应力盘”抛光、磁流变抛光等组合加工技术,大幅度提高了非球面的制造精度和效率;同时采用摆臂轮廓仪检测、光学零位补偿干涉测量等先进检测技术,实现对4米反射镜的原位检测。最终,实现了4米大口径非球面反射镜的高精度光学加工。
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镀膜前的准备
在镜面材料缺陷改性方面,采用等离子辅助低温物理气相沉积(PIAD)方法,在碳化硅反射镜表面镀制Si改性层,然后进行面形精加工后,最终在4米反射镜表面镀制反射增强膜,使其反射率最终达到光学系统要求。
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不改性直接抛光表面和改性后抛光表面的显微照片对比
自主研发装备,全面掌握核心技术
仅仅掌握4米反射镜制造工艺,并不算自主掌握核心技术。与加工工艺同等重要的,还有完成4米反射镜制造所需全套制造装备的研发。围绕反射镜研制流程,项目完成了三个子系统、十余套加工检测设备研制,全部自主掌握知识产权。其中4米量级反应烧结炉、FSGJ-4型非球面数控光学加工中心、4米量级大型磁控溅射镀膜机三套核心装备达到国内领先水平。
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4米量级反应烧结炉
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4米量级大型磁控溅射镀膜机
结语
高精度大口径离轴非球面反射镜的制造技术是高性能光学系统的核心关键技术,也是促进高分辨率空间对地观测、深空探测和天文观测等领域发展的支撑技术。
目前,由长春光机所研发的2米量级口径反射镜已在实际工程应用;2022年,在中国空间站的多功能光学设施上,将使用我们中国自主研制的大口径反射镜;在不远的将来,4米量级反射镜也将应用在我国新一代光电观测系统中。
今天我们把努力聚焦在大口径反射镜之上,就是为了未来放眼更加宽广的视界!
来源:“中国科普博览”公众号(ID:kepubolan)


China researches the world's largest 4 meter diameter reflex lens, the most powerful reconnaissance satellite of the US military
August 22, 2018, 10:48 Global Times


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On August 21, 2018, the 4.03 meter large-diameter silicon carbide mirror developed by the Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully passed the acceptance test. This is also the world's largest sized silicon carbide monomer mirror. This achievement marks that China's optical system manufacturing capability has reached the international advanced level, laying a solid foundation for the leap-forward upgrade of China's large-caliber optoelectronic equipment.
Caliber determines the limit of observation
Since Galileo invented the astronomical telescope in 1609, whether it is looking up at the starry sky from the ground, or looking at the earth from the space, looking at the universe, and trying to improve the optical system's observation ability, it is inseparable from a key - caliber.
Based on the Rayleigh criterion in geometric optics, in optical telescopes, the smaller the limit resolution angle (θ) of two adjacent object images, the higher the resolution of the optical telescope, and the ultimate resolution angle is by light. The wavelength (λ) and the diameter of the main mirror (D) are determined. Therefore, in order to improve the resolution of the optical telescope, the demand for a larger aperture primary mirror is endless.
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From astronomical observations (deep space exploration) to space-to-ground observations, large-diameter telescopes have expanded the limits of human observation since their birth.
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Hubble Telescope (Source: www.augspc.com)
The famous Hubble Space Telescope has a caliber of 2.4 meters. The farthest depth of the universe has been observed at 13.4 billion light years from the Earth. Let us observe that the universe is closer to the state of its birth.
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3.67m AEOS Advanced Photoelectric Telescope
The AEOS ground-based telescope, with a caliber of 3.67 meters, can detect fragments of 0.1 meters in low Earth orbit. The crux of the Columbia accident was successfully observed, providing a basis for future recurrence of the tragedy.
The keyhole 12 (KH-12) satellite camera has a caliber of more than 3 meters and a resolution of 0.1 meters to the ground. This is the highest resolution spatial-to-ground remote sensing data available to humans...
Why is it so difficult to make large aperture mirrors?
Modern large-caliber optical systems use a reflective structure, in which the aperture of the main mirror directly determines the resolving power of the system, and is also the core of the most difficult manufacturing process in the system; when the caliber exceeds a certain level, it will be optical materials and optical processing. Bringing huge challenges.
In order to ensure the resolution and image quality of the telescope, the optical system has stringent requirements on the surface accuracy of the mirror. For large aperture optical systems, this accuracy requirement does not decrease as the aperture increases.
For example, in the visible light band, the surface accuracy requires at least one-thirth of the wavelength (λ/30, RMS value is better than 20 nm), and the 4-meter mirror is enlarged to the size of Beijing, and the land is leveled and the land is flat. It should be less than 1 mm. This is like the high surface accuracy, which imposes stringent requirements on the mirror blank material and optical processing technology.
More than ten years of research and development have created China’s "big eyes"
How does the Changchun Institute of Optics and Fines meet the above-mentioned "demanding requirements" to create large-caliber mirrors?
Mirror blank manufacturing
For mirror blanks, the specific stiffness (E/ρ) and thermal stability (λ/α) of the mirror material must be as large as possible, so that as the diameter increases, the rigidity of the material still guarantees the shape of the face. Stable, less affected by the thermal environment, and help to reduce the weight of the system.
The mirror materials commonly used in the world are quartz glass, glass ceramics, silicon carbide, metal ruthenium, etc. Among them, silicon carbide (SiC) has the best specific stiffness and thermal stability, so it is the darling of the alternative material of the mirror.
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4M silicon carbide mirror blank
Is the 4m silicon carbide mirror blank after reaction sintering still far from the "mirror" in your eyes?
However, the production of large-caliber mirrors and the processing technology of mirrors have been mastered by a few Western countries such as the United States, France, and Germany. China has never had the ability to independently manufacture large-caliber mirrors of the order of 4 meters. Under this circumstance, the Changchun Institute of Optics and Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has solved the problem for more than 10 years. In 2016, it developed the world's largest diameter 4.03 m silicon carbide mirror blank with completely independent intellectual property rights.
Optical processing technology
With a 4 m-scale silicon carbide mirror blank, although it has laid a solid foundation for the development of a 4-meter aperture mirror, the latter challenges are still very difficult: on the one hand, the mirror area is greatly increased, and the silicon carbide material itself is extremely hard, giving The processing method brings new challenges; on the other hand, since silicon carbide is a ceramic material, the surface has fine defects on the surface after optical rough polishing, affecting the optical properties such as reflectivity, and it is necessary to improve the surface characteristics through subsequent processes.
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4 m mirror with magnetorheological polishing
In order to break through the 4m large-diameter processing, Changchun Opto-mechanical Co., Ltd. uses computer-controlled optical surface forming (CCOS) technology to improve the manufacturing precision of aspheric surfaces by using a combination of "stress plate" polishing and magnetorheological polishing. Efficiency; At the same time, advanced detection technology such as swing arm profilometer detection and optical zero compensation interferometry is used to realize in-situ detection of 4 m mirror. Finally, high-precision optical processing of a 4-meter large-diameter aspheric mirror was realized.
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Preparation before coating
In the modification of the mirror material defect, the Si modified layer is plated on the surface of the silicon carbide mirror by plasma assisted low temperature physical vapor deposition (PIAD) method, and then surface-finished, and finally plated on the surface of the 4 meter mirror. The reflection enhancement film is such that its reflectivity eventually reaches the optical system requirements.
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Comparison of photomicrographs of unmodified direct polished surface and modified polished surface
Independent research and development equipment, comprehensive mastery of core technologies
Just mastering the manufacturing process of the 4 meter mirror is not a master of the core technology. Equally important to the processing technology is the development of a complete set of manufacturing equipment required to complete the manufacture of 4 m mirrors. Around the development process of the mirror, the project completed the development of three subsystems and more than ten sets of processing and testing equipment, all of which independently mastered intellectual property rights. Among them, the four-level reaction sintering furnace, the FSGJ-4 aspherical numerical control optical processing center, and the four-meter-scale large-scale magnetron sputtering coating machine have reached the domestic leading level.
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4 meter size reaction sintering furnace
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4 meter large scale magnetron sputtering coating machine
Conclusion
The manufacturing technology of high-precision large-diameter off-axis aspheric mirrors is the core technology of high-performance optical systems, and is also a supporting technology for the development of high-resolution space-to-earth observation, deep space exploration and astronomical observation.
At present, the 2 meter aperture mirror developed by Changchun Opto-mechanical Co., Ltd. has been applied in practical engineering; in 2022, on the multi-functional optical facility of China Space Station, we will use the large-diameter mirror independently developed by China; not far away In the future, the 4-meter mirror will also be used in China's new generation of optical observation systems.
Today we focus our efforts on large-diameter mirrors for the sake of the future.
Source: "China Science Expo" public number (ID: kepubolan)
 
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