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中国6大胃癌高发地，原来当地人都做错了这一点……Six major places with high incidence of stomach cancer in China, it turns out that the locals have done this wrong...
- Thread starter ginfreely
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In China, people have a unique obsession with "eating". A Bite of China has travelled all over the country, looking for delicious food in the world, and successfully aroused people's yearning for specialties from all over the world.
But in China, there is a kind of cancer that is also closely related to "eating" - stomach cancer.
Gastric cancer is the second largest cancer in China, second only to lung cancer.
According to the latest annual report of China's cancer statistics released in 2018 [1], the age-standardised incidence rate of gastric cancer is 19.51 per million; while the incidence rate of gastric cancer in East China and Northwest China is as high as 24.3 per 100,000 and 32.0/100,000 respectively, which is much higher than the national level.
Previous data show that China's Liaodong Peninsula, Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, Taihang Mountains and Hexi Corridor are areas with high incidence of stomach cancer [2], while Liaoning, Fujian, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangsu and other places are provinces with high incidence of stomach cancer [3] [4].
I. Areas with high incidence of stomach cancer in China
Why does gastric cancer occur "concentrated" in these places? We selected several representative counties and cities and found that these places have very special eating habits.
In China, people have a unique obsession with "eating". A Bite of China has travelled all over the country, looking for delicious food in the world, and successfully aroused people's yearning for specialties from all over the world.
But in China, there is a kind of cancer that is also closely related to "eating" - stomach cancer.
Gastric cancer is the second largest cancer in China, second only to lung cancer.
According to the latest annual report of China's cancer statistics released in 2018 [1], the age-standardised incidence rate of gastric cancer is 19.51 per million; while the incidence rate of gastric cancer in East China and Northwest China is as high as 24.3 per 100,000 and 32.0/100,000 respectively, which is much higher than the national level.
Previous data show that China's Liaodong Peninsula, Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, Taihang Mountains and Hexi Corridor are areas with high incidence of stomach cancer [2], while Liaoning, Fujian, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangsu and other places are provinces with high incidence of stomach cancer [3] [4].
I. Areas with high incidence of stomach cancer in China
Why does gastric cancer occur "concentrated" in these places? We selected several representative counties and cities and found that these places have very special eating habits.
In winter, almost every household in Zhuanghe County, Liaoning Province has to pickle a jar of salted pork for a whole year of pork supply.
Long-term consumption of salted pork with a large amount of salt can directly damage the gastric mucosa and cause chronic stomach disease; and the intake of nitrite will also increase the risk of gastric cancer [5].
Changle County is a representative city with a high incidence of coastal gastric cancer. Local residents have the habit of eating shrimp oil and pickled salted fish. This kind of pickled food is rich in nitrite, which will increase the risk of stomach cancer. "Chinese-style salted fish" has been recognised as a kind of carcinogen by the WHO.
In addition, the fish sauce that local people often eat contains a lot of salt, which can cause gastric mucosa damage and provide "convenience conditions" for carcinogenic effects such as nitrite [6].
The popular consumption of sour pancakes (the raw material is fermented grains) in Linqu County. Research shows that compared with those who do not eat sour pancakes, the risk of stomach cancer is increased [7].
In addition, local residents like to eat pickles, so they also ingest a large amount of nitrite, which may induce stomach cancer [8].
Wuwei City is one of the areas with a high incidence of stomach cancer in Hexi. Local residents have the habit of eating pickled vegetables in winter, which is a substitute for winter vegetables, which can be eaten continuously for 2 to 4 months every year.
The study found that local pickles contain a high amount of nitrates and nitrites, which are closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer [9].
The incidence of gastric cancer in Wuwei Liangzhou District is 342.54 per 100,000, which is much higher than the average level of Gansu Province (62.37 per 100,000) [10].
The dietary habits in Xining, Qinghai and the surrounding Haidong area are very special. They like to eat mutton, barbeque, drink strong tea, etc. The incidence and mortality rate of stomach cancer rank first in China for a long time.
Thick Fu tea (brewed tea) is a special local drink. It is made by trampling and fermenting the stems and leaves of the tea leaves. Add salt to boil it before drinking.
The study found that drinking thick tea may be related to stomach cancer [11][12].
Pickled and fermented vegetables (such as dried radish and pickles) have always been a traditional food in Yancheng and a commonly used side dish. Many locals like pickles with porridge.
The study found that eating a high-salt diet, especially high-salt and hot food at the same time, may be related to the high incidence of local stomach cancer [13][14].
II. Common points of high incidence of stomach cancer
It can be seen that almost all the diets in areas with a high incidence of stomach cancer in China have their "local characteristics". Their common characteristics are:
1. Heavy flavour
By stimulating the gastric mucosa, high concentration of salt can lead to the loss of gastric wall cells, destroy the gastric mucosa barrier, and increase the incidence of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer;
At the same time, it will also "enlarge" the impact of carcinogens on gastric tissue and increase the possibility of genetic mutation, thus promoting the occurrence of gastric cancer.
2. Love to pickle
Long-term and large intake of pickled foods, such as pickled meat, fish and vegetables, have high nitrite content.
Although nitrite does not directly cause gastric cancer, it can react with amines or amides under acidic conditions to produce nitrosamines and nitrosamides, which are the real carcinogens that cause gastric cancer.
Amines or amides can be decomposed from proteins such as fish, eggs and meat that people often eat.
Therefore, although a small amount of nitrate and nitrite is harmless, long-term and excessive intake will still increase the risk of gastric cancer.
In addition, more than half of the population has Helicobacter pylori in their bodies. When it exists at the same time as nitrates in pickled foods, nitrate is also easily converted into nitrite, which can also promote the occurrence of gastric cancer.
3. Other factors
In some underdeveloped areas of China, refrigerators have not yet been popularised, and the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables cannot be guaranteed. Many residents have the habit of eating overnight meals, which are rich in nitrite, which can further lead to an increased risk of stomach cancer.
In addition, residents in some underdeveloped areas have a high infection rate of Helicobacter pylori, a high prevalence of chronic stomach disease, and a relatively slow early screening of gastric cancer, which may lead to the "concentration" of gastric cancer.
Although "gastric cancer on the tip of the tongue" is worrying, food and health are not both indispensable.
It is understandable to eat the above-mentioned food once or twice when you are greedy, but when you eat it for a long time and become a habit, you should be careful of your stomach to protest.
If you live in these areas, you may really need to "change your taste".
In daily life, pay attention to eating less or not eating pickled food, eating more fresh fruits and vegetables, and conducting regular screening and follow-up, which can help to avoid stomach cancer.
When everyone consciously does this, the hat of "high incidence of stomach cancer" can be removed as soon as possible.
Note: "Stomach Cancer Index" does not represent the carcinogenicity of food, but only takes the local gastric cancer incidence as a reference.
It can be seen that almost all the diets in areas with a high incidence of stomach cancer in China have their "local characteristics". Their common characteristics are:
1. Heavy flavour
By stimulating the gastric mucosa, high concentration of salt can lead to the loss of gastric wall cells, destroy the gastric mucosa barrier, and increase the incidence of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer;
At the same time, it will also "enlarge" the impact of carcinogens on gastric tissue and increase the possibility of genetic mutation, thus promoting the occurrence of gastric cancer.
2. Love to pickle
Long-term and large intake of pickled foods, such as pickled meat, fish and vegetables, have high nitrite content.
Although nitrite does not directly cause gastric cancer, it can react with amines or amides under acidic conditions to produce nitrosamines and nitrosamides, which are the real carcinogens that cause gastric cancer.
Amines or amides can be decomposed from proteins such as fish, eggs and meat that people often eat.
Therefore, although a small amount of nitrate and nitrite is harmless, long-term and excessive intake will still increase the risk of gastric cancer.
In addition, more than half of the population has Helicobacter pylori in their bodies. When it exists at the same time as nitrates in pickled foods, nitrate is also easily converted into nitrite, which can also promote the occurrence of gastric cancer.
3. Other factors
In some underdeveloped areas of China, refrigerators have not yet been popularised, and the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables cannot be guaranteed. Many residents have the habit of eating overnight meals, which are rich in nitrite, which can further lead to an increased risk of stomach cancer.
In addition, residents in some underdeveloped areas have a high infection rate of Helicobacter pylori, a high prevalence of chronic stomach disease, and a relatively slow early screening of gastric cancer, which may lead to the "concentration" of gastric cancer.
Although "gastric cancer on the tip of the tongue" is worrying, food and health are not both indispensable.
It is understandable to eat the above-mentioned food once or twice when you are greedy, but when you eat it for a long time and become a habit, you should be careful of your stomach to protest.
If you live in these areas, you may really need to "change your taste".
In daily life, pay attention to eating less or not eating pickled food, eating more fresh fruits and vegetables, and conducting regular screening and follow-up, which can help to avoid stomach cancer.
When everyone consciously does this, the hat of "high incidence of stomach cancer" can be removed as soon as possible.
Note: "Stomach Cancer Index" does not represent the carcinogenicity of food, but only takes the local gastric cancer incidence as a reference.
